今天推薦的演講者是：Stephanie Busari，發(fā)布于2017年的TED演講大會(huì)！

在這個(gè)自媒體時(shí)代，各種新聞和資訊充斥著我們的生活。為了博眼球，帶輿論的假新聞也混在其中。我們要如何鑒別各種新聞，離真相更進(jìn)一步呢？

How fake news does real harm

Stephanie BusariI want to tell you a story about a girl. But I can't tell you her real name. So let's just call her Hadiza.

我想講一個(gè)女孩子的故事。但是我不能說(shuō)出她的真名。就叫她哈迪扎好了。

Hadiza is 20. She's shy, but she has a beautiful smile that lights up her face. But she's in constant pain. And she will likely be on medication for the rest of her life.

哈迪扎今年20歲。她很害羞，但是笑起來(lái)很好看，活力四射。但她生活在痛苦中。她很可能需要終身藥物治療。

Do you want to know why? Hadiza is a Chibok girl, and on April 14, 2014, she was kidnapped by Boko Haram terrorists. She managed to escape, though, by jumping off the truck that was carrying the girls.?

你們想知道為什么嗎？哈迪扎來(lái)自奇博克，在2014年4月14日，她被“博科圣地”恐怖分子綁架。不過(guò)，她成功逃過(guò)一劫，跳下了載滿女孩的卡車。

But when she landed, she broke both her legs, and she had to crawl on her tummy to hide in the bushes. She told me she was terrified that Boko Haram would come back for her. She was one of 57 girls who would escape by jumping off trucks that day.

但是她的腿在跳車時(shí)摔斷了，她不得不爬進(jìn)灌木叢躲藏。她告訴我，她當(dāng)時(shí)嚇壞了，害怕“博科圣地”的人會(huì)回來(lái)抓她。那天跳車逃生的共有57名女孩，她是其中之一。

This story, quite rightly, caused ripples around the world. People like Michelle Obama, Malala and others lent their voices in protest, and at about the same time -- I was living in London at the time -- I was sent from London to Abuja to cover the World Economic Forum that Nigeria was hosting for the first time. But when we arrived, it was clear that there was only one story in town.

這個(gè)故事很快在全球范圍內(nèi)引起關(guān)注。米歇爾·奧巴馬、馬拉拉等人都加入聲援，與此同時(shí)——當(dāng)時(shí)我住在倫敦——我被派到阿布賈去報(bào)道世界經(jīng)濟(jì)論壇，那是（論壇）首次在尼日利亞舉辦。但在當(dāng)時(shí)的阿布賈，很明顯（綁架案）才是大家唯一關(guān)心的事。

We put the government under pressure. We asked tough questions about what they were doing to bring these girls back. Understandably, they weren't too happy with our line of questioning, and let's just say we received our fair share of "alternative facts."

我們給政府施加了很大的壓力。問(wèn)了很多尖銳的問(wèn)題，詢問(wèn)他們解救這些女孩子的進(jìn)展。可以理解的是，他們不太喜歡我們咄咄逼人的問(wèn)題，因此我們只得到了一些“莫須有的事實(shí)”。

Influential Nigerians were telling us at the time that we were na?ve, we didn't understand the political situation in Nigeria. But they also told us that the story of the Chibok girls was a hoax. Sadly, this hoax narrative has persisted, and there are still people in Nigeria today who believe that the Chibok girls were never kidnapped.

當(dāng)時(shí)尼日利亞一些有影響力的人告訴我們我們太天真了，根本不了解尼日利亞的政治局勢(shì)。但他們也告訴我們奇博克女生綁架案是假的?？杀氖牵@個(gè)虛假的版本依然流傳著，直到今天還有很多尼日利亞人認(rèn)為奇博克女生綁架案沒(méi)有發(fā)生過(guò)。

Yet I was talking to people like these -- devastated parents, who told us that on the day Boko Haram kidnapped their daughters, they ran into the Sambisa Forest after the trucks carrying their daughters. They were armed with machetes, but they were forced to turn back because Boko Haram had guns.

但我的采訪是真實(shí)的，我采訪過(guò)那些絕望的父母，他們告訴我，“博科圣地”綁架了他們女兒的那天，他們追著卡車沖進(jìn)了塞比薩森林。他們帶著大砍刀，卻被迫退了回來(lái)，因?yàn)椤安┛剖サ亍钡娜四弥鴺尅?/p>

For two years, inevitably, the news agenda moved on, and for two years, we didn't hear much about the Chibok girls. Everyone presumed they were dead. But in April last year, I was able to obtain this video. This is a still from the video that Boko Haram filmed as a proof of life, and through a source, I obtained this video.

2年過(guò)去了，不可避免的，媒體的關(guān)注越來(lái)越少，過(guò)去2年，我們已經(jīng)很少聽(tīng)到奇博克女學(xué)生的消息。所有人都推測(cè)她們已經(jīng)死了。但是去年4月，我通過(guò)某種途徑拿到了這個(gè)錄像。這是從錄像中抽出的一幅畫面，“博科圣地”用錄像證明她們還活著，通過(guò)某種渠道，我拿到了這份錄像。

But before I could publish it, I had to travel to the northeast of Nigeria to talk to the parents, to verify it. I didn't have to wait too long for confirmation. One of the mothers, when she watched the video, told me that if she could have reached into the laptop and pulled our her child from the laptop, she would have done so. For those of you who are parents, like myself, in the audience, you can only imagine the anguish that that mother felt.

但在我公開(kāi)錄像之前，我需要去尼日利亞的東北部，去找女孩的父母，確認(rèn)（錄像的）真實(shí)性。我?guī)缀趿⒖痰玫搅舜_認(rèn)。其中一位母親看到這段錄像后告訴我，她多么希望能夠把手伸進(jìn)筆記本電腦把她的女兒從屏幕里拽出來(lái)，她一秒鐘都不能等。在座的各位，如果你們像我一樣，已經(jīng)為人父母，你大概就能想象到那位母親所承受的巨大痛苦。

This video would go on to kick-start negotiation talks with Boko Haram. And a Nigerian senator told me that because of this video they entered into those talks, because they had long presumed that the Chibok girls were dead. Twenty-one girls were freed in October last year. Sadly, nearly 200 of them still remain missing.

這段錄像成為跟“博科圣地”談判的起點(diǎn)。一位尼日利亞議員告訴我，正是因?yàn)檫@段錄像，他們才開(kāi)始進(jìn)行談判，因?yàn)樗麄兒芫靡郧熬鸵呀?jīng)推測(cè)這些奇博克女生已經(jīng)死了。去年10月，21名女生得以被釋放。不幸的是，仍有約200名女生下落不明。

I must confess that I have not been a dispassionate observer covering this story. I am furious when I think about the wasted opportunities to rescue these girls. I am furious when I think about what the parents have told me, that if these were daughters of the rich and the powerful, they would have been found much earlier. And I am furious that the hoax narrative, I firmly believe, caused a delay; it was part of the reason for the delay in their return.

我必須承認(rèn)，在報(bào)道這則新聞的時(shí)候，我并不是個(gè)中立的觀察者。每當(dāng)我想起那么多解救她們的機(jī)會(huì)被白白浪費(fèi)的時(shí)候，我就非常的憤怒。每當(dāng)我想起那些女孩的父母告訴我，如果她們的家庭富有且有權(quán)勢(shì)，那么肯定早就被解救出來(lái)了的時(shí)候我就非常的憤怒。我還憤怒于那些假新聞，我非常肯定，這些假新聞拖延了救援，導(dǎo)致女生們沒(méi)能早些回家。

This illustrates to me the deadly danger of fake news. So what can we do about it? There are some very smart people, smart engineers at Google and Facebook, who are trying to use technology to stop the spread of fake news. But beyond that, I think everybody here -- you and I -- we have a role to play in that. We are the ones who share the content. We are the ones who share the stories online. In this day and age, we're all publishers, and we have responsibility.

這讓我看到了假新聞的致命危險(xiǎn)性。那么我們能做什么？在谷歌和臉書有一群非常聰明的工程師，努力用高科技手段來(lái)阻止假新聞的傳播。但除此之外，我相信在座的每一位——包括你和我——都有義務(wù)參與其中。我們是分享新聞的人。我們?cè)诰W(wǎng)上傳播報(bào)道。在當(dāng)今社會(huì)，我們都是出版者，我們都承擔(dān)著責(zé)任。

In my job as a journalist, I check, I verify. I trust my gut, but I ask tough questions. Why is this person telling me this story? What do they have to gain by sharing this information? Do they have a hidden agenda? I really believe that we must all start to ask tougher questions of information that we discover online.

作為一名記者，我檢查和確認(rèn)（報(bào)道的）真實(shí)性。我相信直覺(jué)，也提出質(zhì)疑。為什么這個(gè)人要告訴我這個(gè)故事？他們分享這些信息的目的是什么？他們是否暗地里另有所圖？我真的認(rèn)為，從現(xiàn)在開(kāi)始，對(duì)于從網(wǎng)上得到的信息，我們需要提出質(zhì)疑。

Research shows that some of us don't even read beyond headlines before we share stories. Who here has done that? I know I have. But what if we stopped taking information that we discover at face value? What if we stop to think about the consequence of the information that we pass on and its potential to incite violence or hatred? What if we stop to think about the real-life consequences of the information that we share? Thank you very much for listening.

研究顯示，我們中有些人在轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)一條新聞之前，甚至只看了一眼標(biāo)題。你們誰(shuí)這么干過(guò)？我就這么干過(guò)。但是如果我們停止轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)那些我們匆匆一瞥看到的信息會(huì)怎樣？如果我們停下來(lái)想一想，我們的轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)可能包含暴力或仇恨言論，會(huì)有什么后果，會(huì)怎樣？如果我們?cè)谵D(zhuǎn)發(fā)之前，認(rèn)真的想一想這樣的行為會(huì)對(duì)真實(shí)的世界造成什么影響，又會(huì)怎樣？非常感謝大家的聆聽(tīng)。