1、? 我說秀尼魚龍牙齒有切邊是靠長鯨吟救場嗎？

以下是秀尼魚龍牙齒資料的下載時(shí)間，在視頻發(fā)布的前一個(gè)月下的資料寫的文案。

根據(jù)這句話：These robust, occasionally carinate teeth, set in individual sockets, likely played a role in prey capture or processing and indicate a macropredatory niche rather than filter or suction-feeding.?我把carinate翻譯為帶切削刃的。

此外，《AN UPPER TRIASSIC (NORIAN) ICHTHYOSAUR (REPTILIA, ICHTHYOPTERYGIA) FROM NORTHERN ALASKA AND DIETARY INSIGHT BASED ON GUT CONTENTS》提到：However, these fragments were interpreted as bivalve remains, not cephalopod. Similarly, Camp (1980) reported a mixture of vertebrate remains and mollusk shell in the gastric contents of Shonisaurus popularis.秀尼魚龍的胃容物中發(fā)現(xiàn)了脊椎動(dòng)物和軟體動(dòng)物。

2、? 貝薩諾龍我有說只吃海爬嗎？

請(qǐng)大家看看我的原視頻，我并沒有說貝薩諾龍只吃海爬。我的原話是：“中三疊世還有一種大型魚龍叫貝薩諾龍，它身長8m，與海帝魚龍大小相當(dāng)。不過，它的頭部很小，吻部細(xì)長，牙齒細(xì)得跟圖釘似的，沒有一點(diǎn)“食蜥”的壓迫感。它機(jī)動(dòng)性強(qiáng)，咬合速度快，擅長捕捉靈活的小型獵物，例如小魚和無殼頭足類，所以有學(xué)者認(rèn)為它絕對(duì)不可能以海爬為食。好在貝薩諾龍保留了胃容物，愚蠢的人類瞧不起小牙齒是很容易被打臉的。由于魚龍是卵胎生動(dòng)物，所以貝薩諾龍肚子里的椎骨一開始被人們當(dāng)作是它的寶寶，可隨后更仔細(xì)地研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，這些椎骨的主人其實(shí)是混魚龍，這是一類身長1m的小型魚龍。因此，貝薩諾龍應(yīng)該是名食性廣泛的獵手，小型海爬也在其菜單之列?！?/p>

該觀點(diǎn)的來源：《Evidence Supporting Predation of 4-m Marine Reptile by Triassic Megapredator》。

原文：Besanosaurus has a small skull and teeth for the body with a slender snout and has hitherto been considered a cephalopod feeder (Dal Sasso and Pinna, 1996). However, its skull is large enough to hold a coeval ichthyosaur, such as Mixosaurus cornalianus Type B (Brinkmann, 1998a, 1998b) and Mixosaurus. kuhnschnyderi (Brinkmann, 1998a, 1998b). The type specimen contains isolated ichthyosaur vertebrae that were originally interpreted as embryonic remains (Dal Sasso and Pinna, 1996). Although this interpretation may be correct, it is possible that the vertebrae represent parts of a prey Mixosaurus because the vertebral centra are too well developed for an embryo of the developmental stage indicated by their size: the centra are fully developed without a notochordal pit in the middle, whereas they are between 55% and 75% of the expected terminal size (i.e., the longest vertebrae are about 13% of the longest adult vertebrae, when newborn ichthyosaurs are about 18%–23% of adult lengths, Motani et al., 2014; O’Keefe and Chiappe, 2011).

3、貴州魚龍是海爬的戰(zhàn)力擔(dān)當(dāng)是什么意思？

我覺得大家不會(huì)把這句話理解成貴州魚龍比滄龍之流更強(qiáng)吧。這里戰(zhàn)力牌面的意思明顯是指，胃容物中保存的四足動(dòng)物大小，貴州魚龍是海爬中的第一名，它是胃容物證據(jù)的牌面，如視頻配圖所示。該總結(jié)出自《Evidence Supporting Predation of 4-m Marine Reptile by Triassic Megapredator》。

原文：The main specimen (XNGM-WS-50-R4) likely represents the oldest direct record of megafaunal predation by marine tetrapods and also sets the record for the largest prey size of Mesozoic marine reptiles at 4 m (Table 2), which is larger than the previous record of 2.5 m (Everhart, 2004; Konishi et al., 2014).

4、 我在強(qiáng)行把魚龍往吃海爬方面帶嗎？

我的視頻原話是：“拋開食性不明的薩斯特魚龍不談，總的來看，大型魚龍與鯨魚不同，它們不會(huì)專門以低端的動(dòng)物為食，多多少少都要吃些海爬?！庇捎谡麄€(gè)視頻都在說三疊紀(jì)大型魚龍，為了不拖泥帶水的，這里把三疊紀(jì)這個(gè)形容詞省掉了。

該觀點(diǎn)不是我的原創(chuàng)，來源有兩個(gè)。

來源一、論文：《AN UPPER TRIASSIC (NORIAN) ICHTHYOSAUR (REPTILIA, ICHTHYOPTERYGIA) FROM NORTHERN ALASKA AND DIETARY INSIGHT BASED ON GUT CONTENTS》。

原文：The majority of preserved ichthyosaurian gut contents are reported from Jurassic or Cretaceous fossils and thus represent a relatively advanced stage of ichthyosaur evolution. Gastric resi[1]dues from Triassic ichthyosaurs are comparatively rare— although they have been reported from several specimens (Rieber, 1970; Camp, 1980; Brinkmann, 2004; Buchy et al., 2004; Cheng and Chen, 2007; Buchy, 2010). The mix of vertebrate and mollusk shell fragments in the preserved gut contents of UAMES 2437 and previously reported for Guizhouichthyosau[1]rus tangae (Cheng and Chen, 2007) and Shonisaurus popularis (Camp, 1980) suggests that Triassic shastasaurians fed on a vari[1]ety of prey. In contrast, gut contents reported for other Triassic ichthyosaurs consist of cephalopod hooklets (Rieber, 1970; Brinkmann, 2004; Buchy et al., 2004), more typical of Jurassic and later ichthyosaurs. Triassic ichthyosaurs occupied a range of predatory guilds, as indicated by substantial variation in denti[1]tion and body size, possibly more than their Jurassic and Creta[1]ceous counterparts (Callaway and Massare, 1990), and probably played an important role in Triassic marine food webs as apex predators that fed upon multiple trophic tiers (Frobisch et al., € 2013).

部分翻譯：三疊紀(jì)魚龍的胃殘留物相對(duì)罕見——盡管已經(jīng)從幾個(gè)標(biāo)本中報(bào)告過它們。 UAMES 2437 保存的腸道內(nèi)容物中脊椎動(dòng)物和軟體動(dòng)物殼碎片的混合物以及之前報(bào)道的貴州魚龍和通俗秀尼魚龍表明三疊紀(jì)的沙斯塔龍科以各種獵物為食。相比之下，報(bào)道的其他三疊紀(jì)魚龍的腸道內(nèi)容物由頭足類小鉤組成，侏羅紀(jì)之后的魚龍則更是如此。三疊紀(jì)魚龍占據(jù)了一系列掠食性生態(tài)位，如牙列和體型的顯著變化所示，可能超過侏羅紀(jì)和白堊紀(jì)的同類，并且可能在三疊紀(jì)海洋食物網(wǎng)中作為以多種營養(yǎng)等級(jí)為食的頂級(jí)掠食者發(fā)揮重要作用。

沙斯特魚龍科主要有兩種分法，一是只含有西卡尼、太平洋、梁氏；二是老分法，還包含了秀尼魚龍、貴州魚龍、貝薩諾龍，有時(shí)還有喜馬拉雅魚龍 、棋子鰭魚龍。這篇論文提到了貴州魚龍和通俗秀尼魚龍，所以它是薩斯特魚龍科的老分法（其實(shí)論文里文字?jǐn)⑹龅乃_斯特魚龍科基本都是指老分法），也就是包含了杯椎魚龍科外的所有三疊紀(jì)大型魚龍（7m以上）。也就是說，論文觀點(diǎn)是，杯椎魚龍科外的所有三疊紀(jì)大型魚龍不是專挑頭足類吃的，是以各種獵物為食。

來源二、論文：《Early giant reveals faster evolution of large body size in ichthyosaurs than in cetaceans》。

杯椎魚龍科根據(jù)這篇論文構(gòu)建的食物網(wǎng)，可知它們會(huì)吃較大的海爬。

兩篇論文雙劍合璧，外加其它胃容物中的海爬化石，就得到了我視頻結(jié)尾觀點(diǎn)。我已經(jīng)夠保守了，要按照上面論文的觀點(diǎn)，那些沒牙的沙斯特魚龍也是啥都吃。