【管理辭典】碳中和 / Carbon Neutrality


「釋義」
碳中和是指國家、企業(yè)、產(chǎn)品、活動(dòng)或個(gè)人在一定時(shí)間內(nèi)直接或間接產(chǎn)生的二氧化碳或溫室氣體排放總量,通過使用低碳能源取代化石燃料、植樹造林、節(jié)能減排等形式,以抵消自身產(chǎn)生的二氧化碳或溫室氣體排放量,實(shí)現(xiàn)正負(fù)抵消,達(dá)到相對“零排放”。
要達(dá)成碳中和一般有兩種做法:
通過碳補(bǔ)償機(jī)制,使其產(chǎn)生的碳排放量,等同于在其它地方減少的碳排放量。例如:植樹造林、購買再生能源憑證。
使用低碳或零碳排的技術(shù)(參見低碳經(jīng)濟(jì))。例如使用再生能源(如風(fēng)能和太陽能),以避免因燃燒化石燃料而排放二氧化碳到大氣中;最終目標(biāo)是僅使用低碳能源,而非化石燃料,使碳的釋放與吸收回地球的量達(dá)平衡不增加。
「應(yīng)用場景」
當(dāng)我們想到世界面臨的主要健康挑戰(zhàn)時(shí),我們往往會(huì)想到精神疾病、暴力、營養(yǎng)不良以及心肺疾病等慢性疾病。許多人驚訝地發(fā)現(xiàn),氣候變化是世界各地社區(qū)面臨的最大的公共衛(wèi)生挑戰(zhàn)。但是,有風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的地方也有機(jī)會(huì);尼爾森估計(jì),到2021年,美國商店總銷售額的四分之一(1500億美元)將是可持續(xù)產(chǎn)品。更重要的是,這些產(chǎn)品的表現(xiàn)預(yù)計(jì)將超過傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)品。我們對此感到振奮,但并不完全驚訝。作為醫(yī)生,我們知道,我們多年來照顧的病人會(huì)越來越多地受到氣候變化的影響。我們也知道,這些人不僅僅是我們的病人,他們也是你的員工、同事和客戶,甚至可能是你自己和你的家人。你今天所做的選擇--關(guān)于碳中和的大選擇和小選擇,如你臺燈中的燈泡種類--將影響他們明天的生活。
When we think about the major health challenges facing the world, we tend to think about mental illness, violence, malnutrition, and chronic illnesses like heart and lung diseases. It surprises many to learn that climate change is the greatest public health challenge facing communities around the world. But where there is risk, there is also opportunity; Nielsen estimates that by 2021, one quarter of total store sales in the U.S. ($150 billion) will be sustainable products. What’s more, those products are expected to outperform traditional products. We are heartened by this, but not altogether surprised. As physicians, we know that patients we have cared for throughout the years stand to be increasingly affected by climate change. We also know that these people are not just our patients, but they are also your employees, colleagues, and customers, maybe even yourself and your family. The choices you make today– big ones about carbon neutrality and small ones like the kind of lightbulb in your desk lamp– are going to influence their lives tomorrow.
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以上文字選自
Should We Be More Optimistic About Fighting Climate Change?
陳愛麗(Alice Chen)維維克·穆西(Vivek Murthy)| 文
馬冰侖?丨編輯?