AP Chem 學習指南 //很用心的QWQ
全篇僅代表作者觀點，uu們要根據(jù)自己的需求和時間合理安排嗷～
關于看課：
只要報了AP科目，CB里面都會有自己的課程的。實在嫌棄CB加載慢的話YouTube也有相同課程：
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CxLQi0FDhmM&list=PLoGgviqq4845Sy3UfnNh_PljzAptMR7MQ
B站也有巨佬們的講課，但是好像部分有點超綱咧，有時間的話可以看看的很有意義??
關于知識點：
草率過一下，如果差不多都知道講什么那么差不多就可以上戰(zhàn)場了 qwq
Unit 1????Atomic Structure and?Properties
? ? MCQ:?Bohr's Model: Principal Quantum Numbers 越大,?Energy 越小 -?越靠原子核,能量越大
? ? FRQ:?計算：
=?
?=?
? ? ??????????????h: 6.63*10^-34 joule*sec ?
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?v: frequency ?
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ???
: wavelength
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?c: speed of light,??
MCQ&FRQ:?Periodic Table?元素&離子命名?????????-離子命名注意先剝離的最外層電子，如先剝離4s而不是3d
MCQ:?半滿 ? ? ?e.g. O的第一電離能小于N. ?There is repulsion between paired electrons in O's 2p orbitals.
FRQ解釋：元素周期表越左、下半徑越大；越右、上第一電離能越大
解釋一定答完整?。?！(電子層數(shù),?electron shielding, nuclear charge, attraction)
MCQ:?通過第一電離能判斷valance electrons?
Electron Affinity & Electronegativity 搞懂定義
MCQ:?庫侖定律，兩個原子優(yōu)先看charge（大，吸引力大），后看radius（大，吸引力小）
MCQ:?Ultraviolet/visible radiation transition?in energy levels
? ? ? ? ??Infrared radiation-molecular vibration
? ? ? ? ? ?Microwave radiation-molecular rotations
同一個group的化學性質(zhì)相同?
MCQ: Photoelectron Spectroscopy?(PES)
Unit 2 ? Molecular & Ionic Compound ?Structure and Properties
MCQ: Metallic Bonds,?金屬+金屬?- Mobile electrons?-?conductors of electricity and heats
2 factors: mobile electrons 越大_越大，radius越小_越大
MCQ:?Alloys, 判斷兩種金屬的radius大小 -> 看圖選
MCQ & FRQ: Ionic Bonds,金屬+非金屬, 送電子,?Lattice Energy 越大_越大_更高的熔點
2 factors: charge越大_越大,?distance between ions越小_越大 (庫侖定律)
固態(tài)沒有導電性，液態(tài)有
MCQ & FRQ: Covalent Bonds, 非金屬+非金屬, 共享電子
1. Nonpolar Covalent Bond, 氫氣/二氧化碳, Net dipole?moment
2. Polar Covalent Bond, 水, 極性越大_dipole?moment越大
MCQ & FRQ:?Bond Length: 鍵長 ??單>雙>三; 鍵強 ? ?單<雙<三? ?
MCQ（圖）: Potential Energy最小的時候, Internuclear Distance = 核間距?
MCQ & FRQ:?Lewis (Dot)?Structure: Octet Rule：每個原子周圍都有8個電子
Exception: Group 17—F, Cl, Br, I.. 只連一條鍵
電負性越小---中心原子的優(yōu)先項
FRQ:?Resonance Structure, NO3, Formal charge 越接近0，越穩(wěn)定,
MCQ: Bond Order：鍵數(shù)（double bonds 算兩個bonds）/ 成鍵數(shù)（double/triple?bonds 算一個bond）
FRQ:?Formal Charge：valence electrons-nonbonding electrons-成鍵數(shù)
Molecular Shape 加油背skrrrrr
MCQ & FRQ:?Hybridization: sp3(4) = 全單鍵，sp2(3)?= 有一雙鍵，sp (2)= 兩雙鍵/一三鍵
electron domain (a);
1 sigma=single bond; ? ?1 sigma + 1 pi=double bond; ?? 1 sigma + 2 pi=triple bond
Unit 3 ? Intermolecular Forces and Properties?
MCQ & FRQ:?Intramolecular Forces: attraction within a molecule
Covalent Networks: SiO2?當題目讓你比較兩個物質(zhì)的熔點發(fā)現(xiàn)不對勁的時候，別忘了這個！！Intra強度遠遠大于inter的
MCQ & FRQ:?Intermolecular Forces: the attraction between?molecules
IMF越強，熔點、沸點更高；
4 types of IMF:
1.?London Dispersion Force (LDF): 電子數(shù)目越多-higher polarizability-LDF越大;?所有分子都有, FRQ寫的時候問你有什么IMF的時候別忘了它
2.?Dipole-Dipole Force: 極性分子和極性分子
3.?Hydrogen Bonds: IMF中力最大的;?N,O,F ----?H——N,O,F（領會精神）
4. (Diopole-Induced Dipole):?極性分子和非極性分子
MCQ & FRQ:?Gas
1.?Ideal gas assumptions: (a)分子間作用力=0；(b)分子本身體積忽略不計；(c)氣體分子與容器杯壁發(fā)生完全彈性碰撞，沒有能量損失
2.?計算: PV=nRT
3. Deviation: (a) 低溫 （b) 高壓（體積?。?c)IMF越大, deviation越大?
4. Vapor Pressure 越高，沸點越低，IMF越小
5. Partial Pressure: P total = P1+P2+P3+...; ? ??
=?
6. Mole Fraction?
7. Concentration
8. 擴散速率跟摩爾質(zhì)量有關，越大越慢
Liquid
1. Solubility?
2. Paper Chromatography: 同極相吸, nonpolar solvent 移動?nonpolar dye 最遠
? ? solvent front 比例?? ? ??e.g.2017_NA_FRQ_4 (b)?
3. Spectrophotometer: A(absorbance)=a(molar absorptivity)b(path length)c(concentration)????????????
數(shù)據(jù)低了儀器里多半有水
Unit 4 ??Chemical Reaction
http://nonsibihighschool.org/advancedch16.php
看完這頁網(wǎng)站脫胎換骨，耐心看完（
Reduction: Gain Electrons
Oxidation: Lose Electrons
Redox = Reduction + Oxidation
O usually has an oxidation number of -2
H bond with metal: -1; H bond with nonmetal: +1
Balancing Redon Equation
Half Equation
Unit 5 ? Kinetics
Reaction Rate =?
Factors that affect reaction rate: (a) concentration 碰撞頻率上升; (b) temperature kinetic energy上升（相同溫度kinetic energy相同），碰撞頻率上升; (c)catalyst lowering activation energy; (d) surface area
Collision Theory: (a) Particles must collide; (b) Sufficient energy; (c) Correct orientation
Rate law: 兩組concentraion & rate的比較
Reaction order
Rate-determing steps: the slowest step
overall steps: order之和
了解intermediate & 多個反應的rate怎么寫成一個rate
Unit 6 ? Thermodynamics
計算：Q=cmΔt &?Enthalpy change
ΔH<0 exothermic;?ΔH>0 endothermic
Hess's Law ? ? ? ?enthalpy的加加減減
Enthalpy of Formation: ?ΔH=
ΔH product-
Bond Enthalpy: ? ? ? ? ? ? ??ΔH=
Unit 7 ?Equilibrium
http://nonsibihighschool.org/advancedch15.php
看完這頁網(wǎng)站脫胎換骨，耐心看完（
Bullet Points:
Chemical Equilibrium Constant --?net but not 0-----liquid & solid 不算在等式里面
Common Ion Effect
Ka越大，酸性越強；Kb越大，堿性越強
Reactant Quotient: Q<K forward reaction; Q>K backword reaction
Mutistep Equilibrium: K=K1*K2
Le Chatelier's Law: (a) cncentration; (b) Pressure增大壓力，反應項分子數(shù)減少的方向移動; (c) Temperature 根據(jù)是endo還是exo判斷改變方向: (d)無關氣體不影響平衡常數(shù)
Ksp & Solubility
Unit 8??Acids and Base
http://nonsibihighschool.org/advancedch17.php
看完這頁網(wǎng)站脫胎換骨，耐心看完（
Bullet Points:
Definition of Acid & Base
Strong Acid & Base; Weak Acid & Base; Conjugated Pair
Calculate pH
Percent Ionization
Buffers: a mixture of a weak acid(base) and its conjugate base(acid)? ?pH=pKa ? ? ? ? ?half equivalence point
Titration Curve
FRQ: Indicators
Unit 9??Application of Thermodynamics
http://nonsibihighschool.org/advancedch14.php ?//Entropy
http://nonsibihighschool.org/advancedch16.php //?Electrochemistry
看完這頁網(wǎng)站脫胎換骨，耐心看完（
Bullet Points:
Entropy
Gibbs Free Energy
Electrochemistry
Electrolysis
Galvanic Cells
關于刷題：
平時隨手刷刷13-19年的卷子保持手感，?？寄?022的
//當中有有機的部分可以跳過捏
對于沖刺的話，MCQ一道題的時間盡量不要超過1.5min... 不會的直接跳，畢竟只要正確率大于80%就都是5的.. FRQ練習的時候不要看答案嗷...
長線的話也可以隨手刷刷的，指不定學?？荚嚨臅r候給你碰上原題了（
<快速通道>
Question Papers:
https://pan.baidu.com/s/15v1_cN7VfjuxxE9DpbdWrA 提取碼: fyft
Answers:
https://pan.baidu.com/s/1lJBqgWLzLvfJ3ryL6V1DQA 提取碼: jkbh
