正文翻譯

ost Common Phobias
By John Misachi on January 15 2018 in Society

10種最常見的恐懼癥

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Social phobia is an anxiety disorder triggered by social events or interaction.

社交恐懼癥是一種由社交事件或互動引發(fā)的焦慮障礙。

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For a fear of an obxt or situation to be considered a phobia, it has to be long-lasting, for six months or more. Victims of phobia usually take caution and sometimes even dangerous measures to avoid contact and experience with their cause of fear.?

害怕某一物體或情境被認(rèn)為是恐懼癥，這種癥狀一定要持續(xù)六個月或更長時間?？謶职Y患者通常采取謹(jǐn)慎，有時甚至是危險的方法，以避免接觸或避開令他們產(chǎn)生恐懼的事物。

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The fear is developed after a horrible experience, either to the victim or somebody else, the fear might be genetic and inborn, or it might develop after a negative experience. Some of the most common phobias are discussed below.

恐懼是在受害者或其他人經(jīng)歷了可怕的經(jīng)歷后產(chǎn)生的，無論是對受害者還是其他人來說，恐懼都可能是天生具有，或是經(jīng)歷過消沉進(jìn)而產(chǎn)生的畏懼。下面為大家列出一些最常見的恐懼癥

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10. Mysophobia

潔癖

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Mysophobia is the fear of dirt due to contamination by bacteria and germs. The phobia is also referred to as verminophobia, germophobia, bacillophobia, or bacteriophobia.

潔癖是怕細(xì)菌或是被細(xì)菌污染而對灰塵產(chǎn)生的恐懼。這種恐懼癥也被稱為寄生蟲恐懼癥、細(xì)菌恐懼癥、恐細(xì)菌癥或細(xì)菌恐怖。

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Bacteriophobia and bacillophobia specifically refers to the fear of exposure and contamination to bacteria and microbes in general. Mysophobia is characterized by victims constantly washing their hands.

細(xì)菌恐懼癥和恐細(xì)菌癥具體指的是怕接觸污染細(xì)菌和微生物而產(chǎn)生的恐懼。該癥狀的典型特征就是頻繁洗手。

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9. Agoraphobia

陌生環(huán)境恐怖癥( 廣場恐怖癥)

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Agoraphobia is an anxiety disorder whereby the victims perceive certain environments outside their residence as unsafe. They may have fear of going to public places, shopping malls, or open spaces.?

廣場恐懼癥是一種焦慮障礙，患有這種癥狀的人認(rèn)為他們住所外的某些環(huán)境不安全。他們可能害怕去公共場所、購物中心或開放空曠的空間。

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The victims will always try their best to avoid these places, with some unable to leave their homes. Agoraphobia may be caused by genetic and environmental factors.

患有這種癥狀的人總是盡力避開這些地方，有些人甚至足不出戶不敢走出家門。廣場恐懼癥可能是由遺傳和環(huán)境因素引起的。

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The victims may fear certain places because someone close to them was hurt or killed while in those places. It has also been known to be hereditary. Agoraphobia can be suppressed by counseling the victims and putting them through Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT).

患有這種癥狀的人害怕某些地方，有可能是因為他們親近的人在那些地方受過傷或死去。這種癥狀有野遺傳原因。廣場恐懼癥可以通過向患者提供咨詢和進(jìn)行認(rèn)知行為療法(CBT)來進(jìn)行控制。

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8. Social Phobia

社交恐懼癥

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Social phobia is also known as social anxiety disorder. It is characterized by extreme fear and anxiety of being in a social event or situation.?

社交恐懼癥也被稱為社交焦慮障礙。它的特征是對社會事件或情況的極度恐懼和焦慮。

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Social phobic individuals have traits that exceed normal levels of shyness that people might experience when they are in a social situation.?

社交恐懼癥患者的性格特征超過了在正常情況下人們在社交場合所能承受的害羞程度。

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They are extremely afraid to engage in a conversation with a stranger.?

他們非常害怕與陌生人交談。

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The victims usually have signs such as blushing, stammering, excessive sweating, nausea, or trembling when they are in social places. In extreme cases, some victims experience panic attacks.

他們在社交場合通常會出現(xiàn)臉紅、口吃、多汗、惡心或發(fā)抖等癥狀。在極端情況下，一些受害者會表現(xiàn)出驚恐情形。

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7. Trypanophobia

針頭恐懼癥（。注射恐懼癥、暈針）

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Trypanophobia is the extreme fear of a medical procedure that involves injections and hypodermic needles. Those who have this phobia go to an extent of avoiding blood tests and medical care even if they are extremely sick for the fear injection.?

注射恐懼癥是在進(jìn)行皮下注射時對注射器針頭產(chǎn)生的極度恐懼。患有這種恐懼癥的人會盡量去避免驗血，即使他們病得很嚴(yán)重，也因害怕不敢扎針。

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An estimated 10% of American adults suffer from trypanophobia. When about to be injected, the affected people get extremely irritated and experience symptoms like excessive sweating, nausea, high heart beat rate, and in extreme cases the victims might faint. Some of the victims get irritated when they see another person undergoing medical procedures that involve injections.

據(jù)估計，10%的美國成年人患有注射恐懼癥。當(dāng)要進(jìn)行注射時，患者會感到非常煩躁，出現(xiàn)多汗、惡心、心跳加速等癥狀，在極端情況下，患者可能會暈厥倒地。當(dāng)某些患者在看到另一個人扎針時也會感到惱怒。

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6. Astraphobia

閃電恐懼癥

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Astraphobia, also known as astrapophobia, brontophobia, keraunophobia, or tonitrophobia, is the fear of lightning and thunder. It is developed by both human beings and other animals. Animals that mostly experience astraphobia are dogs and cats.

閃電恐懼癥又稱為，恐雷癥，雷電恐怖癥，恐閃電癥或叫雷電恐懼癥，實際就是害怕閃電和打雷。人類和動物都會出現(xiàn)這種癥狀。最害怕打雷閃電的動物主要是貓和狗。

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They often cover their ears with their hands and seek for extra shelter during thunderstorm. They may hide under a bed or in a closet to help them suppress the sound and light.

雷雨期間，它們會經(jīng)常手捂住耳朵，尋找更加隱蔽藏身之處，比如床底下或壁櫥里，已避免挺火看到雷聲和閃光。

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They are usually alx to get news and upxes on weather forecasting and will rarely go out without checking weather upxes. Repeated exposure to lightning and thunder helps to build immunity.

他們會時常關(guān)注最新新聞和天氣預(yù)報以保持警覺，出門前一定要先了解下最新的天氣預(yù)報。為消除恐懼經(jīng)常暴露在閃電和雷聲中磨煉自己。

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5. Cynophobia

恐犬癥

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Cynophobia is the fear of dogs. The victim may also be freaked out by just looking at the photos of dogs. More females are affected by this phobia than males. In fact, most adults that have cynophobia may have developed it during childhood, especially between the ages of 5 to 9 years.?

恐犬癥是指對狗狗產(chǎn)生恐懼?；加羞@種癥狀的人只瞧一看狗狗照片就可能被嚇壞了?；歼@種恐懼癥的人女性比男性多。事實上，大多數(shù)患有犬恐懼癥的成年人可能是在兒童時期，特別是在5到9歲之間發(fā)展起來的。

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4. Aerophobia

飛行恐懼癥

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Aerophobia is the fear of flying. The victims of aerophobia get anxious and very afraid at the mere thought of being in an airplane or a helicopter. They often try their best to avoid journeys that would involve air travel.?

“飛行恐懼癥”指的是對飛行的恐懼?！帮w行恐懼癥”的患者一想到乘坐飛機(jī)或直升機(jī)就會感到焦慮和害怕。他們通常會盡量避免乘飛機(jī)旅行。

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In extreme cases, the victims could vomit or get panic attacks at the sight or mention of air travel. They become very irritable and distressed when a planned air travel approaches. Constant air travel helps eliminate aerophobia. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy can also be administered.

在極端情況下，這種患者可能會嘔吐，看或提到乘機(jī)旅行時就會感到恐慌。當(dāng)乘機(jī)旅行計劃將要臨近時，他們會變得非常易怒和苦惱。為消除高空恐懼癥可以通過經(jīng)常乘坐飛機(jī)。也可以采用認(rèn)知行為療法進(jìn)行改善。

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3. Acrophobia

恐高癥

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Acrophobia is the fear of heights. Most with acrophobia get extremely nervous and anxious when they are in an elevated place. Although the place might not be considered very high by other people, to the acrophobic it can still be a source of extreme fear.

恐高癥是一種懼怕處于高處的癥狀。大多數(shù)患有恐高癥的人在高處時會感到極度緊張和焦慮。盡管這個地方在別人開來可能不算是很高，但對于恐高癥患者來說，它仍然是一個極端恐懼的來源。

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2. Ophidiophobia

恐蛇癥

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Ophidiophobia is the fear of snakes. The victims get freaked out by the fear of venom or being bitten by snakes. It is the most common phobia reported by most people. In fact, researchers have found out that up to one-third of human beings are ophidiophobic.?

蛇恐懼癥是指對蛇的恐懼。這種患者因害怕毒蛇毒液或蛇咬而恐懼。這是大多數(shù)人報告的最常見的恐懼癥。事實上，研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，多達(dá)三分之一的人是 恐蛇癥患者。

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The victims not only fear live snakes, but also get extremely scared by just watching a snake video or looking at snake pictures. The fear is more common in adults than children. In fact, children have been found to play around with snake not knowing the dangers they might be exposing themselves to.

這種患者不僅害怕活蛇，而且只要看蛇的視頻或蛇的圖片就會感到非常害怕。在對蛇恐懼的人群當(dāng)中，成年人比兒童更常見。事實上，孩子們在和蛇玩耍時并不知道自己可能面臨的危險。

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1. Arachnophobia

蜘蛛恐懼癥

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Arachnophobia is the fear of spiders and other arachnids such as scorpions. It is one of the most common phobias. The victims usually get panic attacks, faint, sweat excessively, cry, or scream at the sight of spiders and other arachnids. In some extreme cases, just a sight of a web or drawings of spiders triggers a sudden outburst of fear.

蛛恐懼癥是指害怕蜘蛛或其他蛛形昆蟲，比如蝎子。它是最常見的恐懼癥之一。這種患者看到蜘蛛和其他蛛形綱動物時，通常會驚恐發(fā)作、昏厥、多汗、尖叫或哭泣。在某些極端情況下，僅僅是看到一張網(wǎng)或畫有蜘蛛的圖畫就會立即引發(fā)恐慌。

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