隨著越來越多的同學(xué)開始考研和考博，2022年的全國報考人數(shù)為457萬，較2021年增加21%。這也就意味著更多的同學(xué)需要寫作和發(fā)表SCI論文。那么我們?nèi)绾尾拍茼樌l(fā)表論文呢？引人入勝的引言是必不可少的。因?yàn)橐允且黄晒Φ?SCI 論文的重要組成部分。 它為論文的其余部分定下了基調(diào)，并且好的引言還可以吸引讀者的注意力和興趣，提高論文的送審和接受概率。這里，侯老師用自己多年的寫作，潤色經(jīng)驗(yàn)，給大家整理得了如何撰寫有吸引力的Introduction一些技巧，話不多說，直接上干貨。

1. 從一個鉤子開始：以一個吸引讀者注意力的鉤子開始介紹。 這可能是一個令人驚訝的事實(shí)、一個挑釁性的問題或與該主題相關(guān)的但違反常識的統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)。以下是3個例子。

例子 1: "About 60% of the world's population now has no access to the internet. This rapid growth in internet access has profoundly impacted our daily lives and is transforming how we work, play, and communicate."

例子 2: "Have you ever wondered how memories are formed and stored in the brain? Despite decades of research, memory formation mechanisms remain largely unknown."

例子 3: "In 2012, a severe drought in the United States led to the worst crop failure in decades. The drought had devastating effects on farmers and the economy, raising questions about the future of agriculture in a changing climate."

以例子1為例分析說明，首先能夠?qū)懽骱桶l(fā)表SCI論文的人一定是可以上網(wǎng)的人，那么以中國為例，大家都會覺得應(yīng)該幾乎人人都可以接觸網(wǎng)絡(luò)。但是這里給出了一個令我們感到意外的事情，60%的人不能上網(wǎng)，很好的引起的讀者的興趣和好奇心。是一個很好的鉤子。

2. 陳述論文的目的：清楚地陳述論文的目的和所要解決的研究問題。 這將使讀者清楚地了解本文其余部分的內(nèi)容。

例子 1: "This study aims to investigate the impact of internet access on daily life, focusing on the ways in which it has changed the way we work, play, and communicate."

例子 2: "The goal of this study is to advance our understanding of the mechanisms underlying memory formation by conducting experiments to test different theories."

例子 3: "The purpose of this study is to explore the impact of drought on agriculture and to develop strategies for improving drought resilience in the future."

分析，這些例子都是非常直接并且明確的告訴了讀者，這篇文章的研究內(nèi)容是什么。常用的詞語可以是aims to， focus on, the purpose of, to study, in order to avoid/investigate等。關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)是明確的告訴讀者你研究的是什么。

3. 提供背景信息：向讀者提供有關(guān)該主題的一些背景信息及其重要性。 這有助于建立背景并確定研究的相關(guān)性。

例子 1: "The growth of the internet has been rapid and widespread, with more and more people connecting to the web every day. Despite the many benefits of internet access, there are also concerns about its impact on privacy, security, and the future of work."

例子 2: "The study of memory is one of the oldest and most important research areas in neuroscience. Despite many advances, our understanding of the underlying mechanisms of memory formation is still incomplete."

例子 3: "Agriculture is a critical component of the global economy and provides food for billions of people. However, agriculture is also vulnerable to climate change, with droughts, floods, and other extreme weather events becoming more common in many regions."

寫作背景信息的時候，如果是綜合性期刊，不能只說自己的小領(lǐng)域，還需要照顧到大同行，因此需要稍微詳細(xì)的介紹。但是如果目標(biāo)期刊是專業(yè)性期刊，那么背景信息就可以更加精簡。同時背景信息的多少還和你的論文類型有關(guān)系。如果你寫得是全文（full article），那么背景信息就需要多謝一些。如果是通訊/快報（communication/letters）,背景信息相對會更加精煉和集中。

4. 突出當(dāng)前知識的空白：確定該領(lǐng)域當(dāng)前知識的空白，并解釋你的研究旨在如何填補(bǔ)這一空白。 這將向讀者展示自己的研究的重要性以及為什么值得他們關(guān)注。

例子 1: "While there is a growing body of research on the impact of internet access, little is known about the specific ways in which it is changing the way we work, play, and communicate."

例子 2: "Despite decades of research, memory formation mechanisms remain largely unknown. In particular, there is a need for more research on the role of different brain regions and the interactions between them."

例子 3: "Despite the importance of agriculture, there is a lack of research on strategies for improving drought resilience in the face of a changing climate. This study aims to fill this gap by exploring the impact of drought on agriculture and developing strategies for improvement."

沒有空白或者需要解決的問題，我們就沒有研究的必要。所以我們必須結(jié)合自己的研究內(nèi)容，寫出相應(yīng)的空白。比如例子 1中， little is known about the specific ways in which it is changing the way we work, play, and communicate，就指出了現(xiàn)在需要研究什么，解決什么問題。

5. 如果你的論文很長，那么通常在寫作introduction的時候還需要概述論文的結(jié)構(gòu)：簡要概述論文的結(jié)構(gòu)以及每個部分將涵蓋的內(nèi)容。 這有助于讓讀者清楚地知道會發(fā)生什么，并有助于建立論文的整體結(jié)構(gòu)。

例子 1: "The rest of this paper is organized as follows: Section 2 provides a review of the literature on the impact of internet access, Section 3 presents the methodology for the study, Section 4 discusses the results, and Section 5 provides conclusions and recommendations for future research."

例子 2: "The rest of this paper is organized as follows: Section 2 provides an overview of the theories of memory formation, Section 3 describes the experiments conducted, Section 4 presents the results, and Section 5 discusses the implications of the findings and future directions for research."

例子 3: "The rest of this paper is organized as follows: Section 2 provides a review of the literature on drought and agriculture, Section 3 describes the methods used to analyze the impact of drought, Section 4 presents the results, and Section 5 provides conclusions and recommendations for future research."

這里面大家也可以實(shí)用副標(biāo)題來幫助讀者可以更好的get到你想要表達(dá)的中心內(nèi)容。比如characterization of XX, application of XX等。

6. 保持簡潔：使introdcution簡潔明了，突出自己的研究意義。 避免包括將在本文后面介紹的細(xì)節(jié)，并專注于吸引讀者興趣和理解所必需的關(guān)鍵要素。

例子 1: "The impact of internet access on our daily lives is a growing interest, with new developments and applications emerging daily. In this paper,?we aim to shed light on how?internet access is transforming how we work, play, and communicate."

例子 2: "Unlocking the secrets of memory formation is a challenge that has captivated scientists for centuries. In this paper, we present a series of experiments that advance our understanding of the mechanisms underlying memory formation and?provide new insights into?this complex and fascinating process."

例子 3: "Drought is a growing concern for farmers and the global economy, with droughts expected to increase in the coming decades. In this paper, we explore the impact of drought on agriculture and identify strategies?for improving drought?resilience in the future."

很多時候有些同學(xué)總是被審稿人diss說自己的研究內(nèi)容沒有什么意義，沒有創(chuàng)新。很多時候是在寫作introduction的時候，沒有注意提升或者點(diǎn)明自己的研究意義，而審稿人不會自己去發(fā)現(xiàn)，因?yàn)樗芏鄷r候就是默認(rèn)你沒寫就是沒有。上面例子加粗字體部分都是很好的突出自己的研究意義，簡單來說就是告訴審稿人，我們的這個研究可以怎么提高/推進(jìn)某些認(rèn)知和填補(bǔ)某些空白。和前面我們講的寫出空白的內(nèi)容相呼應(yīng)。

侯老師簡介：中科學(xué)博士，洪堡學(xué)者，西班牙Juan de Cierva Incorporación獲得者。歐洲7年+工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)，以前筆名：心若止水。

SCI論文翻譯潤色加我微信：keyanren2020