【近兩個月的進展】羅斯福第2次爐邊談話 1933年5月7日
1933年5月7日，羅斯?？偨y(tǒng)向美國民眾發(fā)表了本篇爐邊談話，向民眾匯報了新政在近兩個月取得的成果進展，并將政府的下一步計劃告知民眾。
On a Sunday night a week after my Inauguration I used the radio to tell you about the banking crisis and the measures we were taking to meet it. I think that in that way I made clear to the country various facts that might otherwise have been misunderstood and in general provided a means of understanding which did much to restore confidence.
在我就職總統(tǒng)的第二周周日晚上，我曾用廣播同大家談?wù)撱y行危機，以及我們采取的應(yīng)對措施。我認(rèn)為，可以通過這種方式糾正大眾的一些誤解，并從總體上幫助人民理解政府，并重拾對政府的信心。
Tonight, eight weeks later, I come for the second time to give you my report -- in the same spirit and by the same means to tell you about what we have been doing and what we are planning to do.
八周后的今晚，我本著同樣的精神——以同樣的方式，第二次向大家匯報我們正在做什么，我們準(zhǔn)備做什么。
Two months ago we were facing serious problems. The country was dying by inches. It was dying because trade and commerce had declined to dangerously low levels; prices for basic commodities were such as to destroy the value of the assets of national institutions such as banks, savings banks, insurance companies, and others.?These institutions, because of their great needs, were foreclosing mortgages, calling loans, refusing credit. Thus there was actually in process of destruction the property of millions of people who had borrowed money on that property in terms of dollars which had had an entirely different value from the level of March, 1933. That situation in that crisis did not call for any complicated consideration of economic panaceas or fancy plans. We were faced by a condition and not a theory.
兩個月前，我們面臨著巨大危機。我們國家瀕臨崩潰。我國當(dāng)時正在毀滅，因為貿(mào)易和商業(yè)已經(jīng)下降到了極低的水平；基本產(chǎn)品的價格已經(jīng)低到足以抹去銀行、儲蓄銀行、投資公司等國家機構(gòu)的財產(chǎn)價值。這些機構(gòu)由于面臨巨大變現(xiàn)需求，只能取消抵押贖回權(quán)，要求收回借款，拒絕貸款。因此，成百上千萬人的財產(chǎn)實際上已經(jīng)付之一炬，他們以美元財產(chǎn)作擔(dān)保借貸，但到了1933年3月，美元已經(jīng)嚴(yán)重貶值。這種危機中，我國的經(jīng)濟情況已非我們一貫的萬能經(jīng)濟對策，或其他花里胡哨的方案能夠應(yīng)對。我們面對的不是理論上的難題，而是真實的危機。
There were just two alternatives: The first was to allow the foreclosures to continue, credit to be withheld and money to go into hiding, and thus forcing liquidation and bankruptcy of banks, railroads and insurance companies and a recapitalizing of all business and all property on a lower level. This alternative meant a continuation of what is loosely called "deflation", the net result of which would have been extraordinary hardship on all property owners and, incidentally, extraordinary hardships on all persons working for wages through an increase in unemployment and a further reduction of the wage scale.
彼時，我們只有兩個選擇：第一，放開抵押贖回權(quán)，銀行繼續(xù)拒絕借貸，人民繼續(xù)把錢藏在腰包里，讓銀行、鐵路公司和保險公司全部清算破產(chǎn)，仍由所有企業(yè)虧損財產(chǎn)。這一選擇，意味所謂的“通貨緊縮”會持續(xù)，必定會導(dǎo)致全體房地產(chǎn)商陷入絕境，此外，持續(xù)走高的失業(yè)率以及不斷下降的薪水，也會使得所有工人生活困難。
It is easy to see that the result of this course would have not only economic effects of a very serious nature but social results that might bring incalculable harm. Even before I was inaugurated I came to the conclusion that such a policy was too much to ask the American people to bear. It involved not only a further loss of homes, farms, savings and wages but also a loss of spiritual values -- the loss of that sense of security for the present and the future so necessary to the peace and contentment of the individual and of his family. When you destroy these things you will find it difficult to establish confidence of any sort in the future. It was clear that mere appeals from Washington for confidence and the mere lending of more money to shaky institutions could not stop this downward course. A prompt program applied as quickly as possible seemed to me not only justified but imperative to our national security. The Congress, and when I say Congress I mean the members of both political parties, fully understood this and gave me generous and intelligent support. The members of Congress realized that the methods of normal times had to be replaced in the emergency by measures which were suited to the serious and pressing requirements of the moment. There was no actual surrender of power, Congress still retained its constitutional authority and no one has the slightest desire to change the balance of these powers. The function of Congress is to decide what has to be done and to select the appropriate agency to carry out its will. This policy it has strictly adhered to. The only thing that has been happening has been to designate the President as the agency to carry out certain of the purposes of the Congress. This was constitutional and in keeping with the past American tradition.
不難看出，其結(jié)果不僅會大大損害經(jīng)濟，還會對社會造成不可估量的傷害。甚至早在我就職之前，我就斷言，這樣一種政策帶來的后果，遠非美國人民能夠承受。這不僅意味著美國人民會喪失住房、土地、積蓄和工資，還意味著喪失精神價值——喪失了維系個人和家庭生活都所必須的安全感和滿足感。當(dāng)你喪失這一切后，你很難在未來再建立任何信心。而顯然，僅靠我們在華盛頓呼吁大家抱有信心、向更多瀕臨倒閉的機構(gòu)提供資金已無法阻止這種衰落趨勢。在我看來，我們不僅應(yīng)該迅速采取應(yīng)對措施，而且此舉還對我國國家安全至關(guān)重要。國會，我這里說的國會，包括了民共兩黨成員，國會也完全認(rèn)識到了這一點，于是慷慨地以智慧給予我支持。國會議員們認(rèn)識到，在當(dāng)前嚴(yán)峻緊迫的情況下，必須采取一部分非常措施。國會并沒有實際移交自己的權(quán)力，國會依舊保留著憲法賦予其的權(quán)威，也無人像要打破三權(quán)分立的局面。國會的只能是決定必須做什么，并選擇適合的機構(gòu)來執(zhí)行它的意愿。目前這一政策仍在被嚴(yán)格恪守。唯一發(fā)生的改變，僅僅是國會選擇總統(tǒng)來完成其制定的目標(biāo)。這既符合憲法，也符合美國過去的傳統(tǒng)。
The legislation which has been passed or in the process of enactment can properly be considered as part of a well-grounded plan.
已經(jīng)通過、或即將通過的立法，皆可視作是我們精心制作計劃的一部分。
First, we are giving opportunity of employment to one-quarter of a million of the unemployed, especially the young men who have dependents, to go into the forestry and flood prevention work. This is a big task because it means feeding, clothing and caring for nearly twice as many men as we have in the regular army itself. In creating this civilian conservation corps we are killing two birds with one stone. We are clearly enhancing the value of our natural resources and second, we are relieving an appreciable amount of actual distress. This great group of men have entered upon their work on a purely voluntary basis, no military training is involved and we are conserving not only our natural resources but our human resources. One of the great values to this work is the fact that it is direct and requires the intervention of very little machinery.
第一步，政府會為25萬失業(yè)者提供就業(yè)機會，讓他們從事林業(yè)和防洪工作，需要供養(yǎng)家庭的年輕人優(yōu)先就業(yè)。這是一項相當(dāng)艱巨的任務(wù)，這意味著政府要負(fù)責(zé)這些人的衣食住行，他們的人數(shù)幾乎是美國常備軍數(shù)量的兩倍。在創(chuàng)建這個民間資源保護隊的過程中，我們可以一舉兩得。首先肯定是能提升我國自然資源的價值，此外，還能讓許多人民脫離實際的困境。這一大群人完全是自愿為政府工作的，且不涉及任何軍事訓(xùn)練，我們這樣不僅在保護我們的自然資源，也保護了我們的人力資源。這一工程的一大價值就是直截了當(dāng)，而無需任何機構(gòu)的干涉。
Second, I have requested the Congress and have secured action upon a proposal to put the great properties owned by our Government at Muscle Shoals to work after long years of wasteful inaction, and with this a broad plan for the improvement of a vast area in the Tennessee Valley. It will add to the comfort and happiness of hundreds of thousands of people and the incident benefits will reach the entire nation.
第二步，我已經(jīng)向國會申請一項提案并獲得批準(zhǔn)，利用起聯(lián)邦政府在馬斯?fàn)栃査箯U置多年的大量財產(chǎn)，用以改善田納西河谷廣大地區(qū)環(huán)境條件的宏大計劃。該計劃會提升幾十萬人生活的舒適度和幸福度，其好處會惠及全國。
Next, the Congress is about to pass legislation that will greatly ease the mortgage distress among the farmers and the home owners of the nation, by providing for the easing of the burden of debt now bearing so heavily upon millions of our people. Our next step in seeking immediate relief is a grant of half a billion dollars to help the states, counties and municipalities in their duty to care for those who need direct and Immediate relief. The Congress also passed legislation authorizing the sale of beer in such states as desired. This has already resulted in considerable reemployment and, incidentally, has provided much needed tax revenue.
下一步，國會將通過立法，減輕壓在成百上千萬人民身上的沉重債務(wù)負(fù)擔(dān)，并大大改善全國農(nóng)民和房主群體面臨的抵押貸款困境。接下來，我們會對人民進行即時救濟，撥款5億美元幫助各州、各縣、各市政府履行自身義務(wù)，即幫助那些迫切需要直接救濟的民眾。國會還通過立法，授權(quán)在有需求的州售賣酒精產(chǎn)品。這也帶動了大量就業(yè)，而且還提供了我們急需的稅收。
We are planning to ask the Congress for legislation to enable the Government to undertake public works, thus stimulating directly and indirectly the employment of many others in well-considered projects.
我們正計劃讓國會通過立法，授權(quán)聯(lián)邦政府直接承擔(dān)公共工程，從而直接或間接地推動其他潛力工程帶動就業(yè)。
Further legislation has been taken up which goes much more fundamentally into our economic problems. The Farm Relief Bill seeks by the use of several methods, alone or together, to bring about an increased return to farmers for their major farm products, seeking at the same time to prevent in the days to come disastrous over-production which so often in the past has kept farm commodity prices far below a reasonable return. This measure provides wide powers for emergencies. The extent of its use will depend entirely upon what the future has in store.
我們會進一步采取立法措施，從根本上解決我們的經(jīng)濟問題。我們會通過《農(nóng)業(yè)救濟法》，逐個或并用多種方式增加農(nóng)民農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的收益，同時防止農(nóng)產(chǎn)品產(chǎn)量過剩而引發(fā)危機，我國歷次農(nóng)產(chǎn)品價格暴跌，都是這種原因。這一措施授予了我們較大權(quán)力應(yīng)對危機。我們會使用多少權(quán)力，取決于未來的形勢發(fā)展。
Well-considered and conservative measures will likewise be proposed which will attempt to give to the industrial workers of the country a more fair wage return, prevent cut-throat competition and unduly long hours for labor, and at the same time to encourage each industry to prevent over-production.
我們還會在仔細(xì)審議后，提出相應(yīng)保守措施，讓我國工人得到更加豐厚的工資，避免無底線的競爭，禁止過長的工作時間，同時幫助各行各業(yè)防止生產(chǎn)過剩。
Our Railroad Bill falls into the same class because it seeks to provide and make certain definite planning by the railroads themselves, with the assistance of the Government, to eliminate the duplication and waste that is now resulting in railroad receiverships and continuing operating deficits.
上述措施還包括我們的《鐵路法案》，政府會試圖通過該法案協(xié)助各鐵路公司制定明確運營規(guī)劃，因為重復(fù)修建和資源浪費是當(dāng)下鐵路公司破產(chǎn)、收入赤字的主要原因。
I am certain that the people of this country understand and approve the broad purposes behind these new governmental policies relating to agriculture and industry and transportation. We found ourselves faced with more agricultural products than we could possibly consume ourselves and surpluses which other nations did not have the cash to buy from us except at prices ruinously low. We have found our factories able to turn out more goods than we could possibly consume, and at the same time we were faced with a falling export demand. We found ourselves with more facilities to transport goods and crops than there were goods and crops to be transported. All of this has been caused in large part by a complete lack of planning and a complete failure to understand the danger signals that have been flying ever since the close of the World War. The people of this country have been erroneously encouraged to believe that they could keep on increasing the output of farm and factory indefinitely and that some magician would find ways and means for that increased output to be consumed with reasonable profit to the producer.
上述新政策皆涉及農(nóng)業(yè)、工業(yè)和交通，我相信我國人民能夠理解、并贊成這些政策背后更加宏偉的用意。我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，美國的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品產(chǎn)量遠超我們所需，其他國家也沒有資金能夠從我國購買過剩的產(chǎn)品，除非我們以極低的價格賤賣。我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，美國的工廠商品產(chǎn)出遠超我們所需，同時出口量卻也在不停下跌。我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，美國的交通設(shè)施比我們所需運輸?shù)漠a(chǎn)品還要多。這一切，很大程度上都要歸咎政府毫無建設(shè)規(guī)劃、且完全無視世界大戰(zhàn)以來就出現(xiàn)的危險信號。美國人民被迷惑，相信只要不停地增加農(nóng)場和工廠產(chǎn)量，那些自由主義者就會像變魔術(shù)一樣，找到方法和路子將產(chǎn)品賣掉，為勞動人民帶來客觀的收入。
Today we have reason to believe that things are a little better than they were two months ago. Industry has picked up, railroads are carrying more freight, farm prices are better, but I am not going to indulge in issuing proclamations of over enthusiastic assurance. We cannot bally-ho ourselves back to prosperity. I am going to be honest at all times with the people of the country. I do not want the people of this country to take the foolish course of letting this improvement come back on another speculative wave. I do not want the people to believe that because of unjustified optimism we can resume the ruinous practice of increasing our crop output and our factory output in the hope that a kind providence will find buyers at high prices. Such a course may bring us immediate and false prosperity but it will be the kind of prosperity that will lead us into another tailspin.
而今天，我們有理由相信，情況相交前兩個月前有所改善。工業(yè)有所好轉(zhuǎn)，鐵路運輸量增加，農(nóng)產(chǎn)品物價反彈，但我不會發(fā)布公告，保證我們已經(jīng)恢復(fù)正常。我們不會吹噓說，國家已經(jīng)恢復(fù)繁榮。我只會坦率誠實地面對美國人民。我不希望美國人民在略有好轉(zhuǎn)的時候，就再次走上投機取巧的愚蠢道路。我不希望人民盲目地樂觀，再次大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)農(nóng)產(chǎn)品和工業(yè)品，期待上帝可以讓人以高價買走自己產(chǎn)品，這種做法會摧毀我們的新政。這種做法只能為我們帶來轉(zhuǎn)瞬即逝的虛假繁榮，而這種繁榮只會讓我們再次陷入混亂。
It is wholly wrong to call the measure that we have taken Government control of farming, control of industry, and control of transportation. It is rather a partnership between Government and farming and industry and transportation, not partnership in profits, for the profits would still go to the citizens, but rather a partnership in planning and partnership to see that the plans are carried out.
但是，將我們的行為，稱作“政府控制農(nóng)業(yè)、工業(yè)和交通”是完全錯誤的。政府和工農(nóng)交通行業(yè)之間只是合作伙伴的關(guān)系，并非是為了牟利的那種伙伴，畢竟我們政策的一切利益都屬于人民，而是一起規(guī)劃、一起監(jiān)督執(zhí)行的伙伴。
Let me illustrate with an example. Take the cotton goods industry. It is probably true that ninety per cent of the cotton manufacturers would agree to eliminate starvation wages, would agree to stop long hours of employment, would agree to stop child labor, would agree to prevent an overproduction that would result in unsalable surpluses. But, what good is such an agreement if the other ten per cent of cotton manufacturers pay starvation wages, require long hours, employ children in their mills and turn out burdensome surpluses? The unfair ten per cent could produce goods so cheaply that the fair ninety per cent would be compelled to meet the unfair conditions.?Here is where government comes in. Government ought to have the right and will have the right, after surveying and planning for an industry to prevent, with the assistance of the overwhelming majority of that industry, unfair practice and to enforce this agreement by the authority of government. The so-called anti-trust laws were intended to prevent the creation of monopolies and to forbid unreasonable profits to those monopolies. That purpose of the anti-trust laws must be continued, but these laws were never intended to encourage the kind of unfair competition that results in long hours, starvation wages and overproduction.
我舉個例子。以棉織品產(chǎn)業(yè)為例。可能90%的產(chǎn)棉商都贊成工資不能僅足以維持溫飽，贊成縮短工作時間，贊成禁止童工，防止因生產(chǎn)過剩導(dǎo)致的產(chǎn)品滯銷。可是，如果剩下的10%產(chǎn)棉商還是支付僅足以維持溫飽的工資，還是加時加班，還是雇傭童工，產(chǎn)出過剩的產(chǎn)品，那么另外90%廠商遵守法規(guī)的行為，又能為他們帶來什么好處呢？不遵守公平競爭規(guī)則的10%產(chǎn)商可以生產(chǎn)出更加廉價的產(chǎn)品，而遵守規(guī)則的90%廠商只能被迫放棄規(guī)則。而政府的作用正體現(xiàn)在此。政府在對一個行業(yè)進行調(diào)查規(guī)劃后，同樣有權(quán)在該行業(yè)主體產(chǎn)商的幫助下，以政府的權(quán)威，監(jiān)督防止不公平競爭的出現(xiàn)。所謂的“反托拉斯法”，就是反壟斷，防止以壟斷獲得不應(yīng)得的利潤。我們必須堅持執(zhí)行反托拉斯法案的目標(biāo)，而長時間工作、工資過低、生產(chǎn)過剩一類的不公平競爭，皆非此類法案的目標(biāo)。
The same principle applies to farm products and to transportation and every other field of organized private industry.
該準(zhǔn)則同樣適用農(nóng)產(chǎn)業(yè)、運輸業(yè)等一切私營行業(yè)領(lǐng)域。
We are working toward a definite goal, which is to prevent the return of conditions which came very close to destroying what we call modern civilization. The actual accomplishment of our purpose cannot be attained in a day. Our policies are wholly within purposes for which our American Constitutional Government was established 150 years ago.
我們的一切奮斗都為一個鮮明的目標(biāo)，即保護我們常說的現(xiàn)代文明免遭經(jīng)濟危機毀滅。但這一目標(biāo)并非一朝一夕可以實現(xiàn)。而我們的新政完全符合150年前，美國憲法建立聯(lián)邦政府的初衷。
I know that the people of this country will understand this and will also understand the spirit in which we are undertaking this policy. I do not deny that we may make mistakes of procedure as we carry out the policy. I have no expectation of making a hit every time I come to bat. What I seek is the highest possible batting average, not only for myself but for the team. Theodore Roosevelt once said to me: "If I can be right 75 percent of the time I shall come up to the fullest measure of my hopes."
我知道，美國人民可以認(rèn)識到這一點，也深知我們新政背后的真實用意。我不否定我們在執(zhí)行新政過程中有過失。我也不覺得每次揮舞球棒就一定可以得分。我所追求的，是盡可能多地得分，得分不僅是為了個人，也是為整個團隊。西奧多·羅斯福曾對我說過：“如果75%的情況下我都是對的，那我就會竭盡所能實現(xiàn)我的判斷?！?br>
Much has been said of late about Federal finances and inflation, the gold standard, etc. Let me make the facts very simple and my policy very clear. In the first place, government credit and government currency are really one and the same thing. Behind government bonds there is only a promise to pay. Behind government currency we have, in addition to the promise to pay, a reserve of gold and a small reserve of silver. In this connection it is worth while remembering that in the past the government has agreed to redeem nearly thirty billions of its debts and its currency in gold, and private corporations in this country have agreed to redeem another sixty or seventy billions of securities and mortgages in gold. The government and private corporations were making these agreements when they knew full well that all of the gold in the United States amounted to only between three and four billions and that all of the gold in all of the world amounted to only about eleven billions.
近來，大家在紛紛議論聯(lián)邦財政情況、通貨膨脹、金本位等問題。請允許我簡明地告訴大家，事實是怎么樣的，我的政策又是什么。首先，政府信貸和政府貨幣實際上是一回事。支撐政府債券的基礎(chǔ)，僅有一句償付的空話。而支撐政府貨幣的，不僅有償付的承諾，還有大量黃金儲備和少量白銀儲備。說到這個，我們便能想起過去的教訓(xùn)，政府曾同意用黃金償還約300億美元的債務(wù)和貨幣，美國的私營企業(yè)也曾用黃金償付六七百億美元的證券和抵押貸款。但政府和企業(yè)在做出這些行為時，非常清楚美國的黃金總儲量只有30億—40億美元，而全世界黃金總儲量也只有大約110億美元。
If the holders of these promises to pay started in to demand gold the first comers would get gold for a few days and they would amount to about one twenty-fifth of the holders of the securities and the currency. The other twenty-four people out of twenty-five, who did not happen to be at the top of the line, would be told politely that there was no more gold left. We have decided to treat all twenty-five in the same way in the interest of justice and the exercise of the constitutional powers of this government. We have placed every one on the same basis in order that the general good may be preserved.
如果得到承諾的人開始索要黃金償付，那么第一批債主會在幾天內(nèi)得到他們需要的黃金，而這一批人的數(shù)量大約只占所有債主的1/25，而其他未能最先趕到的24/25債主，只會被恭敬地告知黃金已經(jīng)被全部取走了。而我們?yōu)榱松鞆堈x，并行使憲法賦予本政府的權(quán)力，將以平等的方式對待全體債主。我們會對全體人民一視同仁，只有這樣才能捍衛(wèi)廣大人民的利益。
Nevertheless, gold, and to a partial extent silver, are perfectly good bases for currency and that is why I decided not to let any of the gold now in the country go out of it.
A series of conditions arose three weeks ago which very readily might have meant, first,a drain on our gold by foreign countries, and secondly, as a result of that, a flight of American capital, in the form of gold, out of our country. It is not exaggerating the possibility to tell you that such an occurrence might well have taken from us the major part of our gold reserve and resulted in such a further weakening of our government and private credit as to bring on actual panic conditions and the complete stoppage of the wheels of industry.
但是，黃金，以及白銀在一定程度上都是貨幣的極佳基礎(chǔ)，這就是我禁止黃金外流的原因。三周前出現(xiàn)的一系列情況，都顯然意味著兩件事：其一，外國正在吸收我們的黃金儲備，其二，美國的資本會以黃金的形式流出美國。我毫不夸張地說，如果這種情況持續(xù)下去，我們很可能會失去大部分黃金，以至于我們的政府信貸和私人信貸進一步受損，進而帶來實質(zhì)的恐慌，導(dǎo)致工業(yè)徹底停擺。
The Administration has the definite objective of raising commodity prices to such an extent that those who have borrowed money will, on the average, be able to repay that money in the same kind of dollar which they borrowed. We do not seek to let them get such a cheap dollar that they will be able to pay bock a great deal less than they borrowed. In other words, we seek to correct a wrong and not to create another wrong in the opposite direction. That is why powers are being given to the Administration to provide, if necessary, for an enlargement of credit, in order to correct the existing wrong. These powers will be used when, as, and if it may be necessary to accomplish the purpose.
政府有一個明確目標(biāo)，即拉升物價，從而使得多數(shù)欠錢者能以同樣價值的美元償還欠款。但我們也不能利用貨幣貶值，使得他們償還的欠額大大減少。也就是說，我們是要糾正一個錯誤，而不是在相反的方向上再犯錯誤。這就是為什么法律授權(quán)政府僅在必要時擴大信貸，為的就是修正我們當(dāng)前面臨的錯誤。而為糾正當(dāng)前的錯誤，我們會在必要時使用這一權(quán)力。
Hand in hand with the domestic situation which, of course, is our first concern, is the world situation, and I want to emphasize to you that the domestic situation is inevitably and deeply tied in with the conditions in all of the other nations of the world. In other words, we can get, in all probability, a fair measure of prosperity return in the United States, but it will not be permanent unless we get a return to prosperity all over the world.
我們當(dāng)然不僅關(guān)心國內(nèi)事務(wù)，同樣心懷世界，我希望向大家強調(diào)，我國的國內(nèi)事務(wù)與世界各國情況是密不可分的。也就是說，雖然我們可能讓美國恢復(fù)繁榮，但是如若世界各國仍深陷危機之中，美國的繁榮也必然不會長久。
In the conferences which we have held and are holding with the leaders of other nations, we are seeking four great objectives. First, a general reduction of armaments and through this the removal of the fear of invasion and armed attack, and, at the same time, a reduction in armament costs, in order to help in the balancing of government budgets and the reduction of taxation. Secondly, a cutting down of the trade barriers, in order to re-start the flow of exchange of crops and goods between nations. Third, the setting up of a stabilization of currencies, in order that trade can make contracts ahead. Fourth, the reestablishment of friendly relations and greater confidence between all nations.
我們正在和各國領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人會談商議，我們提出了四大目標(biāo)。第一，全面削減軍備，降低各國對戰(zhàn)爭和武裝沖突的恐懼，同時減少軍隊維護成本，幫助政府實現(xiàn)收支平衡，降低人民的稅務(wù)。第二，打破貿(mào)易壁壘，讓各國之間恢復(fù)工農(nóng)產(chǎn)品流通。第三，建立穩(wěn)健的貨幣體系，以便各國間簽署貿(mào)易條約。第四，重申各國之間的友好關(guān)系，增強彼此間的信任。
Our foreign visitors these past three weeks have responded to these purposes in a very helpful way. All of the Nations have suffered alike in this great depression. They have all reached the conclusion that each can best be helped by the common action of all. It is in this spirit that our visitors have met with us and discussed our common problems. The international conference that lies before us must succeed. The future of the world demands it and we have each of us pledged ourselves to the best Joint efforts to this end.
過去三周里，我們的外國來賓對我們的提議皆贊賞有加。這場大蕭條使得世界各國不堪其擾。于是各國最終明白，我們必須團結(jié)一致，共同行動，幫助彼此。我們彼此本著這種精神，舉行會面并討論了我們共同面臨的問題。這場國際會議必須取得成功。全世界的未來都關(guān)乎于此，所以我們每個人都要竭盡所能。
To you, the people of this country, all of us, the Members of the Congress and the members of this Administration owe a profound debt of gratitude. Throughout the depression you have been patient. You have granted us wide powers, you have encouraged us with a wide-spread approval of our purposes. Every ounce of strength and every resource at our command we have devoted to the end of justifying your confidence. We are encouraged to believe that a wise and sensible beginning has been made. In the present spirit of mutual confidence and mutual encouragement we go forward.
而我們國會議員和政府成員，對你們——美國人民深表感謝。整個大蕭條期間，大家時刻都保持耐心。你們授予我極大的權(quán)力，并對我們的工作目標(biāo)鼎力相助。而為不辜負(fù)人民的信任，我們也投入了所有力量和資源解決困境。我們相信，新政已經(jīng)有了一個良好的開端，這使得大家信心倍增。讓我們秉持這相互信任、相互幫助的精神，繼續(xù)攜手共進。
聲明：本人僅按照原文翻譯內(nèi)容，演講內(nèi)容不代表本人觀點。此專欄僅供歷史和英語交流學(xué)習(xí)使用，任何讀者皆可引用本人的譯本。
希望來學(xué)習(xí)英語的觀眾明白：我覺得這些專欄的主要精華在于英語原文，而并非我的譯本，我的譯本很大程度上只是供來學(xué)習(xí)歷史的觀眾使用的。本人的英語水平一般，翻譯得并不會多么精彩，只能在你看不懂時來幫助你了解這些演講內(nèi)容最基本的意思，而且翻譯時難免會出現(xiàn)差錯，切勿直接完全以我的譯本為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。如發(fā)現(xiàn)有翻譯錯誤或者歧義內(nèi)容，歡迎指正。
希望來學(xué)習(xí)歷史的觀眾明白：任何歷史人物都有一定的局限性，隨著時代發(fā)展，很多觀點看法可能已經(jīng)不再適用今天的世界，西方的觀點也不一定適用于我們。通過了解這些演講，僅可給我們提供一個更全面了解過去和世界的渠道。我們可以從優(yōu)秀的歷史、當(dāng)代人物身上學(xué)到很多，但是請保持獨立思考，理性看待演講內(nèi)容，切勿全信或?qū)⑵浞顬檎胬怼?/strong>
