醫(yī)科大學(xué)教材翻譯

第四章 泌尿系統(tǒng)

泌尿系統(tǒng)由腎、輸尿管、膀胱及尿道四部分組成。它的主要功能是排出機(jī)體內(nèi)溶于水的代謝產(chǎn)物。機(jī)體在新陳代謝中所產(chǎn)生的廢物如尿素、尿酸和多余的水分等，由循環(huán)系統(tǒng)送至腎，在腎內(nèi)形成尿液，再經(jīng)排尿管道排出體外。尿的質(zhì)和量經(jīng)常隨機(jī)體內(nèi)環(huán)境的改變而發(fā)生一定的變化，對保持內(nèi)環(huán)境的相對穩(wěn)定和電解質(zhì)的平衡起著重要的作用。如腎功能發(fā)生障礙，代謝產(chǎn)物蓄積于體內(nèi)，改變了內(nèi)環(huán)境的理化性質(zhì)，則產(chǎn)生相應(yīng)的病變，嚴(yán)重時(shí)可出現(xiàn)尿毒癥，甚至危及生命。

Chapter IV Urinary System

The urinary system consists of kidney, ureter, bladder and urethra. Its main function is to expel water-soluble metabolites from the body. Wastes such as urea, uric acid and excess water produced by the body in metabolism are sent to the kidney by the circulatory system, and urine is formed in the kidney, and then discharged from the body through the urination duct. The quality and quantity of urine often change with the internal environment, which plays an important role in maintaining the relative stability of internal environment and electrolyte balance. If renal function is impaired and metabolites accumulate in the body, which changes the physical and chemical properties of the internal environment, corresponding pathological changes will occur, and uremia may occur in severe cases, which may even be life-threatening.