1. 不定式： to do（表示主動(dòng)，并且一般表示將來(lái)）

例如：

The?teacher?told?us?to?do?morning?exercises?.

老師讓我們做早操。

?

2.?動(dòng)名詞： doing????（表示主動(dòng)）

例如：

Travelling?in?space?by?ordinary?people?will?be?common?in?the?future.

在未來(lái)，普通人在太空旅行將會(huì)是普遍的事情。

3. 現(xiàn)在分詞：?doing ???（表示主動(dòng)和進(jìn)行）

例如：

He?sat?there?，reading?a?newspaper.

他坐在那里，讀著一張報(bào)紙。

?

4.?過(guò)去分詞：?done

? ??及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)或完成；不及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分?詞表示主動(dòng)或完成。

????polluted?river 被污染的河流 ?（及物動(dòng)詞pollute和river之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，即“河流被污染”）

? ??fallen?leaves?落葉（不及物動(dòng)詞fall和leaves之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,即“葉子落下來(lái)”）

動(dòng)名詞與從句之間的轉(zhuǎn)換

1?．動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)可轉(zhuǎn)換成that引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句。

例如： Tom’s?knowing?English?helps?him?in?learning?French?.

?→That?Tom?knows?English?helps?him?in?learning French?.

2?．動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)可轉(zhuǎn)換成that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。

例如： I?remember having?paid?him for?his work?.

→?I remember that?I have?paid?him for?his?work?.

?

?

3?．動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)可轉(zhuǎn)換成that引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句。

例如： Our worry?is?your depending too?much on?him?.??

→Our worry is that you depend too?much on?him?.

分詞與從句之間的轉(zhuǎn)換

1?．分詞作定語(yǔ)可轉(zhuǎn)換成that?，who?，which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句。

例如： The?man?talking to?my teacher is?my father?．主動(dòng)

→The man?who／that is talking to?my teacher?is?my father?.

→The man?who／that talks to?my teacher?is?my father?.

?

2?．分詞作狀語(yǔ)可轉(zhuǎn)換成相應(yīng)的狀語(yǔ)從句。

例如： While waiting for the?bus?，I caught sight of her?.

→While?I was waiting for the bus?，I caught sight of?her?.

3?．分詞作賓補(bǔ)可轉(zhuǎn)換成賓語(yǔ)從句。

例如： I found?him waiting for a?bus at?the?station?.

→?I found?that?he was waiting for a?bus at the?station?.??

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4?．分詞在句中作伴隨或結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)時(shí)。相當(dāng)于一個(gè)并列句。

例如： He died,?leaving?his daughter much?money?.

→?He died?，and?he?left his daughter?much?money?.

不定式和分詞作定語(yǔ)相當(dāng)于定語(yǔ)從句

例如： I?have?many?letters to type?．(動(dòng)賓關(guān)系)

→?I?have?many?letters?which?I should type?.??

I have?many letters to?be typed?．(被動(dòng)主謂關(guān)系)

→?I have?many letters which?are to?be?typed?by?others?.??

不定式多作目的狀語(yǔ)和結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)．故可以轉(zhuǎn)化為相應(yīng)的目的狀

語(yǔ)從句和結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。

例如： Mother got?up early?to catch?the?early?bus?．(?目的狀語(yǔ)）

→?Mother got up early as to?(in?order to)?catch?the?early?bus?.??

→?Mother got up early that (in?order that)?she?might?catch?the?early?bus?.??

?highways?have?been?built in China, ???????????it?much?easier

for people to travel from one?place to?another.

A?．making????????B?．made

C?．to?make???????D?．having?made

【答案】A

2?．Jenny?hopes that?Mr Smith will suggest a good way to?have

her written?English ?????????????????in a?short?period.

A?．improved?????B?．improving

C?．to?improve ??D?．improve