ESA welcomes positive review of plan to bring Mars to Earth

An ambitious campaign by NASA and ESA to collect samples from the Red Planet and return them to Earth has been praised by an Independent Review Board set up to review the multi-year Mars missions.

? ? ? ?由美國(guó)宇航局和歐空局進(jìn)行的一項(xiàng)雄心勃勃的計(jì)劃，即從“紅色星球”收集樣品并將其送回地球，為此成立了一個(gè)獨(dú)立審查委員會(huì)，該委員會(huì)負(fù)責(zé)審查這個(gè)持續(xù)多年的火星任務(wù)。

The Mars Sample Return campaign foresees NASA and ESA launching multiple missions to the Red Planet to collect samples, launch them into space and return them safely to Earth. NASA has released the report of a Mars Sample Return Independent Review Board, which it established to evaluate the status of the multi-year international partnership, together with NASA’s response to its the report’s recommendations.

? ? ? ? “火星樣本回收”計(jì)劃預(yù)計(jì)美國(guó)國(guó)家航空航天局和歐空局將向“紅色星球”發(fā)射多個(gè)探測(cè)器，以收集樣本，將其發(fā)射到太空并將其安全返回地球。 美國(guó)國(guó)家航空航天局發(fā)布了“火星樣本返回獨(dú)立審查委員會(huì)”的報(bào)告，該委員會(huì)旨在評(píng)估多年國(guó)際合作伙伴關(guān)系的狀況，并與美國(guó)宇航局對(duì)報(bào)告建議的回應(yīng)一起發(fā)布。

The Board, having examined plans for one of the most ambitious endeavours humankind has ever attempted, concluded that the space agencies are ready for the challenge after several decades of scientific advance and technical progress in Mars exploration.

? ? ? ?委員會(huì)審查了這個(gè)人類有史以來(lái)最雄心勃勃的努力之一的計(jì)劃，得出的結(jié)論是，經(jīng)過(guò)數(shù)十年的火星探測(cè)科學(xué)進(jìn)步和技術(shù)進(jìn)步，航天部門(mén)已準(zhǔn)備好應(yīng)對(duì)挑戰(zhàn)。

The Board acknowledged the longstanding cooperation between NASA and ESA in robotic and human space exploration as an asset for the robust campaign and commended the agencies’ work to date.

? ? ? ? 審查委員會(huì)承認(rèn)美國(guó)國(guó)家航空航天局和歐空局在無(wú)人和有人的太空探索方面的長(zhǎng)期合作是這項(xiàng)探索任務(wù)的有力的支撐，并贊揚(yáng)了該兩個(gè)機(jī)構(gòu)迄今為止的研究。

“Following on from the International Space Station, Orion and the future Gateway around the Moon, we will strengthen our agencies’ partnership at the frontier of science and technology. ESA will carefully study the report’s recommendations and agree with NASA how to reflect them in our work together.”

? ? ? ? “緊隨著國(guó)際空間站，獵戶座和未來(lái)的月球門(mén)戶這些合作形式，我們將在科學(xué)技術(shù)領(lǐng)域加強(qiáng)與同類機(jī)構(gòu)的伙伴關(guān)系。 歐空局將仔細(xì)研究該報(bào)告的建議，并同意美國(guó)國(guó)家航空航天局在我們的合作中實(shí)施這些建議?！?/p>

Review board

審查委員會(huì)

NASA initiated this Independent Review Board to ensure the long-awaited mission is positioned for success. It is the earliest independent review of any NASA science mission. The Board was comprised of 10 experienced leaders and experts from scientific and engineering fields, and included interviews with experts across NASA and ESA, as well as in industry and academia. The Board made 44 recommendations regarding the programme’s scope and management, technical approach, schedule and funding profile.

? ? ? ? 美國(guó)國(guó)家航天局發(fā)起了這個(gè)獨(dú)立審查委員會(huì)，以確保期待已久的任務(wù)取得成功。 它是任何美國(guó)國(guó)家航天局科學(xué)任務(wù)中最早進(jìn)行獨(dú)立審查的。 該委員會(huì)由來(lái)自科學(xué)和工程領(lǐng)域的10位經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富的領(lǐng)軍人物和頂尖專家組成，并接受了美國(guó)國(guó)家航天局和歐空局以及行業(yè)和學(xué)術(shù)界的專家的采訪。 董事會(huì)針對(duì)該計(jì)劃的范圍和管理，技術(shù)方法，時(shí)間表和資金狀況提出了44條建議。

Mars Sample Return

火星樣品返回

The campaign will require multiple advanced space vehicles, the first being the NASA Perseverance rover, which is already over halfway to Mars. Perseverance is a sophisticated sampling system, with a coring drill and sample tubes that are among the cleanest hardware ever sent to space.

? ? ? ? 該任務(wù)將需要多輛先進(jìn)的探測(cè)器，第一個(gè)是美國(guó)國(guó)家航天局的毅力號(hào)火星車，它已經(jīng)在前往火星的路上了。 毅力號(hào)帶有一個(gè)復(fù)雜的采樣系統(tǒng)，它帶有取芯鉆和樣品管，這些樣品管是有史以來(lái)發(fā)送到太空的最清潔的組件之一。

Once on Mars, Perseverance will cache rock and soil samples in its collection tubes. It will then leave some of them on the martian surface for ESA’s Sample Fetch Rover to collect and deliver them, using ESA robotic arms, to a NASA Mars Ascent Vehicle, which will launch them into orbit around Mars.

? ? ? ?當(dāng)它到達(dá)火星后，毅力號(hào)會(huì)將巖石和土壤樣品儲(chǔ)存在樣品管中。 之后它會(huì)將其中一些留在火星表面，讓的樣品收取車（Sample Fetch Rover）使用歐空局的機(jī)械臂收集并運(yùn)送到NASA的火星上升飛行器，然后將它們發(fā)射到火星周圍的軌道。

Once in orbit around Mars, ESA’s Earth Return Orbiter will rendezvous with the samples over 70 million km from Earth in orbit around Mars and take them in a highly secure containment capsule, provided by NASA, for landing back on Earth in the 2030s.

? ? ? ? 一旦樣品進(jìn)入火星軌道，歐空局的“地球返回軌道器”將與火星周圍軌道上距離地球超過(guò)7000萬(wàn)公里的樣本會(huì)合，并將它們放入美國(guó)國(guó)家航天局提供的高度防護(hù)的密閉艙中，以便于21世紀(jì)30年代返回地球。

原文鏈接：http://www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Human_and_Robotic_Exploration/Exploration/ESA_welcomes_positive_review_of_plan_to_bring_Mars_to_Earth

NASA報(bào)告下載：https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/atoms/files/nasa_esa_mars_sample_return_irb_report.pdf

了解火星返回飛行器：http://www.esa.int/ESA_Multimedia/Images/2020/10/What_is_Earth_Return_Orbiter