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ArchLinux Installation Guide Wiki

2023-02-22 00:34 作者:O0Done  | 我要投稿

ArchLinux Installation Guide Wiki

第1章? 工欲善其事,必先利其器

1.1? 下載鏡像**

https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/archlinux/iso/2022.02.01/archlinux-2022.02.01-x86_64.iso


1.2? 啟動U盤制作

1.2.1 “rufus”

https://github.com/pbatard/rufus/releases/download/v3.20/rufus-3.20.exe


1.2.2 “dd”**

#dd if=/aaa.iso of=/dev/sdb bs=2M conv=fsync status=progress?


1.2.3 “ventoy”U盤制作工具,可以安裝多個鏡像


1.3? 驗證引導模式**

# ls? /sys/firmware/efi/efivars


1.4 關閉reflector服務**

#systemctl stop reflector.services


第2章? 安裝

2.1? 連接網(wǎng)絡

2.1.1? iwd


#命令行參數(shù)形式**

#iwctl --passphrase passphrase station device connect SSID

#dhcpcd


#交互提示符形式

#iwctl

#device list (列出可用設備)

#station device scan(掃描網(wǎng)卡可用設備)

#station device get-networks(列取可用無線網(wǎng))

#station device connect SSID(連接)

#station device disconnect(斷開連接)

#dhcpcd


2.1.2? netctl

#pacman -S wpa_supplicant dialog netctl

#wifi-menu

#ls /etc/netctl

#systemctl enable netclt-auto@wls1.service(開機啟動)

#systemctl start netclt-auto@wls1.service


2.1.3? wpa_supplicant

#lspci -k

#lsusb -v

#ip link

#ip link set wls1 up(如果沒有激活,則激活接口)

#iw dev wls1 scan | grep ssid(需要安裝iw工具包)

#wpa_passpshrase wls1 123 > /etc/wpa_passpshrase/wpa_supplicant-wls1.conf

#wpa_supplicant -B -i wls1 -c /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant-wls1.conf

#dhcpcd wls1


2.1.4? 網(wǎng)卡直連

#cp /etc/netctl/examples/ethernet-dhcp /etc/netctl

#vim /etc/netctl/ethernet-dhcp

Description=” ”

Interface=enp7s0

Connection=Ethernet

IP=dhcp

#systemctl start ethernet-dhcp? ?//啟動有線網(wǎng)絡連接

#systemctl enable ethernet-dhcp //需要則開機啟動


2.1.5? PPPOE

2.1.5.1? ppp聯(lián)網(wǎng)

#pacman –S ppp ry-pppoe

#ip link set your_interfce down/up

#pppoe-setup(配置)

#vim /etc/ppp/pppoe.conf(撥號配置文件)

#vim /etc/ppp/pap-secrets(撥號賬號密碼配置文件)

#pppoe-start

#dhcpcd device

#pppoe-stop

#systemctl enable adsl

#systemctl start adsl


2.1.5.2? netctl,pppoe

#cp /etc/netctl/examples/pppoe /etc/netctl/adsl

#vim /etc/netctl/adsl(只需要修改下面兩行,用戶和密碼)

USER=’? ’

PASSWORD=’? ’

#netctl enable adsl(啟用配置文件)

#netctl reenable adsl(創(chuàng)建開機systemd啟動服務)

#systemctl enable netctl@adsl.service (開機啟動撥號服務)

#netctl list(列出可以連接的網(wǎng)絡)

#netctl start adsl

#netctl stop adsl


第3章? 選擇鏡像

3.1? 主倉庫**

#vim /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist

#Server = https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/archlinux/$repo/os/$arch

#pacman -Syy


3.2? reflector獲取倉庫地址

#reflector --verbose --country ‘China’ -p https -l 30 --sort rate --save /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist

#pacman -Syy


3.3? 中國社區(qū)倉庫

#vim /etc/pacman.conf

[archlinuxcn]

Server = https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/archlinuxcn/$arch

#pacman -S archlinuxcn-keyring

#pacman -Syy


第4章? 更新系統(tǒng)時間**

#timedatectl set-ntp true

#timedatectl status


第5章? 硬盤分區(qū),掛載

#linux kernel 5.15后的內核已經(jīng)原生支持ntfs格式了,用帶參數(shù)的#mount -t ntfs3 /dev/sdb2

5.1? LVM(邏輯分卷管理器)**

# fdisk -l

# fdisk /dev/sda

# g (改成gpt分區(qū))

# mkfs.vfat -F 32 /dev/sda1 (efi分區(qū))

# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda2(根分區(qū))

#pvcreate /dev/sda2(物理卷)

#vgcreate arch /dev/sda2(卷組)

#lvccreate -L +8G arch -n swap(邏輯卷)

#lvcreate -l +100%FREE arch -n root **

#mkfs.ext4 /dev/mapper/arch-root

#mkswap /dev/mapper/arch-swap

#swapon /dev/mapper/arch-swap

#mount /dev/mapper/arch-root /mnt

#mkdir /mnt/boot

#mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/boot


5.2? BIOS(基本輸入輸出系統(tǒng))

#fdisk -l

#fdisk /de/sda

#mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda1 (boot分區(qū))

#mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda3 (/ 分區(qū))

#mkswap /dev/sda2 (swap分區(qū))

#swapon /dev/sda2

#mount /dev/sda3 /mnt

#mkdir /mnt/boot

#mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/boot


5.3? systemd(統(tǒng)一可擴展固件接口,需要改標簽)

# fdisk -l

# fdisk /de/sda

# g (改成gpt分區(qū))

# mkfs.vfat -F 32 /dev/sda1 (efi分區(qū))

# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda2(/分區(qū))

#mkswap /dev/sda2 (swap分區(qū))

#swapon /dev/sda2

#mount /dev/sda3 /mnt

#mkdir /mnt/boot

#mkdir /mnt/boot/efi

#mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/boot/efi


第6章? 安裝系統(tǒng)基礎包**

#pacstrap -i /mnt base base-devel linux linux-firmware lvm2


第7章? 配置系統(tǒng)**

7.1? Fstab

#genfstab -U /mnt >>/mnt/etc/fstab

#cat /mnt/etc/fstab


7.2? 換到新安裝的系統(tǒng)**

#arch-chroot /mnt


7.3? 時區(qū)**

#ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime


7.4? 同步硬件時間**

#hwclock --systohc


7.5? 安裝系統(tǒng)配置軟件包**

#pacman -S vim wpa_supplicant dialog netctl dhcpcd intel-ucode os-prober alsa-utils git pulseaudio ntfs-3g smplayer player aria2 wget curl udftools vlc lvm2 iwd lxterminal lynx w3m links adobe-source-han-sans-otc-fonts adobe-source-han-sans-cn-fonts


7.6? 本地化**

7.6.1? /etc/locale.gen

#vim /etc/locale.gen

en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8

#locale-gen(配置后生效)


7.6.2? /etc/locale.conf**

#echo.UTF-8 > /etc/locale.conf

#vim /etc/locale.conf

LANG=en_US.UTF-8


7.7? 主機名**

#vim /etc/hostname? 或? echo localhost >/etc/hostname


7.8? hosts**

#vim /etc/hosts

127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomain localhost

::1? ?localhost.localdomain localhost

127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomain localhost


7.9? 創(chuàng)建引導文件,重新創(chuàng)建一個initramfs

7.9.1 創(chuàng)建引導文件

7.9.1.1 grub**

#vim /etc/mkinitcpio.conf

HOOKS=(base udev ... block lvm2 filesystems)

#mkinitcpio –P


7.9.1.2 systemd

#vim /etc/mkinitcpio.conf

HOOKS=(base systemd ... block lvm2 filesystems)

#mkinitcpio –p linux


7.9.2 安裝引導

7.9.2.1? systemd-boot

1 systemd-boot必須為uefi啟動

2 安裝systemd-root到EFI分區(qū)中

#bootctl --path=/boot$esp install

3 配置/boot/loader/loader.conf

default arch.conf

timeout 4

console-mode auto

editor no

4 配置/boot/loader/entries/arch.conf

title Arch linux(LVM)

linux /vmlinuz-linux

initrd /intel-ucode.img(如果是AMD則改成amd-ucode.img)

initrd /initramfs-linux.img

options root=UUID=4124654364163431641432(計算/dev/mapper/arch-root) rw

# blkid -s UUID -o value /dev/mapper/arch-root


7.9.2.2? UEFI引導程序**

#pacman -S dosfstools grub efibootmgr

#grub-install --target=x86_64-efi --efi-directory=/boot --bootloader-id=GRUB

#grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg


7.9.2.3 BIOS-GRUB引導程序

#pacman -S grub

#grub-install --target=i386-pc /dev/sda

#grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg


7.10? 配置root密碼**

#passwd root


7.11? 用戶管理

#useradd -m username

#passwd username


第8章? 重新引導**

#reboot


第9章? 安裝圖形界面,個性化配置**

#pacman -S xorg xorg-xinit


9.1? i3WM

9.1.1

#pacman -S i3wm lxterminal

#pacman -S lightdm lightdm-gtk-greeter

pacman -S lightdm-gtk-greeter-settings

#systemctl enable lightdm

#systemctl start lightdm

#vim /etc/lightdm/lightdm-gtk-greeter.conf

[greeter]

indicators=

#vim .config/i3/config

#default_border pixel 1

9.1.2 i3status配置目錄

#cp /etc/i3status.conf ~/.config/i3status/config?


9.2? GNOME

#pacman -S gnome gdm gnome-extra

#systemctl enable gdm

#systemctl enable NetworkManager

#systemctl start NetworkManager

#systemctl start gdm


9.3? KDE

#pacman -S sddm sddm-kcm plasma konsole dolphin ark kate packagekit-qt5 konqueror sweeper

#systemctl enable sddm

#systemctl enable NetworkManager

#systemctl start NetworkManager

#systemctl start sddm


9.4? ?DWM(dynamic window manager)、ST(simple terminal)**

#git clone https://git.suckless.org/dwm

#git clone https://git.suckless.org/st

#make clean install(在安裝前先安裝chromium這樣字體設置好了)

#vim .xinitrc

while true;do

xsetroot -name "$(date +"%F %T %B %A")"

sleep 1s

done &

#exec --no-startup-id fcitx5 -d(i3用)

fcitx5 -d

exec dwm


第10章? 安裝軟件包

10.1? 中文輸入法**

#pacman -S fcitx5-im fcitx5-chinese-addons wqy-microhei?

#vim /etc/environment

GTK_IM_MODULE=fcitx

QT_IM_MODULE=fcitx

XMODIFIERS=@im=fcitx

INPUT_METHOD=fcitx

SDL_IM_MODULE=fcitx

#GLFW_IM_MODULE=ibus

#fcitx5-configtool


10.2? 辦公軟件

#pacman -S libreoffice-fresh,libreoffice-fresh-zh-cn

#pacman -S mousepad leafpad

#pacman -S zathura zathura-pdf-poppler


#pacman -S unarchiver,unrar,p7zip

#unar -e GBK *.zip

#unrar -e *.rar

#7z e *.7z


10.3? WEB瀏覽器

#pacman -S firefox firefox-i18n-zh-cn?

#pacman -S chromium**


10.4? 關閉屏幕保護時間**

#vim /etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/xorg.conf

#找到”ServerLayout”字段加入下面4行

?Option "BlankTime" "0"

?Option "StandbyTime" "0"

?Option "SuspendTime" "0"

?Option "OffTime" "0"


10.5 終端復制粘貼

#ctrl+insert? 復制

#shift+insert 粘貼


10.6 ffplay

ffplay -x 800 -y 700 -volume 15 ****.mp3 -autoexit -nodisp -vn

ffplay -x 800 -y 700 -volume 15 ****.mp4 -autoexit -sn

ffplay -x 800 -y 700 -volume 15 ****.mp3 -autoexit -nodisp -loop 0 -an -vn -sn


#pacman --sync --refresh --sysupgrade


10.7 SOX music player

#pacman --sync libmod libid3tag twolame sox

#play a.mp3 repeat 100


10.8 mplay video player

#pacman --sync mplay

#mplay a.mp4


10.9 關閉字符界面屏保時間

#setterm -blank 0 --powersave off --powerdown 0

#setterm -blank 1 --powersave off --powerdown 5


10.10 關閉屏保,重啟失效

#xset s 300

#xset s 0

#xset s 10


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