重難點(diǎn)分析

數(shù)詞是用來表示事物的數(shù)量和順序的詞，分為基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞兩種。序數(shù)詞也是高考語法填空考點(diǎn)設(shè)置的內(nèi)容之一，不是很常見，但需留意。

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基

數(shù)

詞

功能

作主語、賓語、表語、定語、同位語

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讀法三要點(diǎn)

基數(shù)詞1～19, 20～29, 整十位數(shù)和hundred, thousand, million, billion

會(huì)讀個(gè)、十、百位數(shù)

由右向左每三位數(shù)前的逗號(hào)分別讀作thousand, million和billion，逗號(hào)之間的按百位以內(nèi)的數(shù)讀

注意

表示“幾百”、“幾千”時(shí)，hundred, thousand等詞不加-s

hundred, thousand等詞為復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)作名詞，表示“數(shù)量很多”的意思

序

數(shù)

詞

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構(gòu)成

一般的基數(shù)詞后加-th，多位數(shù)的基數(shù)詞只變最后一位。如：ten→tenth, one thousand two hundred and thirty→one ? thousand two hundred and thirtieth

整幾十的基數(shù)詞，去掉詞尾的y再加ieth，如：forty→fortieth

幾個(gè)不規(guī)則詞：first, second, third, fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth

功能

作定語(前面要加定冠詞the)；年、月、日中的日；表示“第幾”時(shí)；分?jǐn)?shù)中的分母

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一、基數(shù)詞：表示數(shù)量的詞為基數(shù)詞，它的構(gòu)成如下表

范圍

特點(diǎn)

實(shí)例

1～12

無規(guī)律

one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, ? twelve

13～19

以-teen為結(jié)尾

thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen

20～90

以-ty結(jié)尾

twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty, ninety

21～99

十位與個(gè)位之間要加連字符“-”

twenty-five, sixty-five, ninety-nine

101～999

百位和十位之間通常用and

three hundred and twenty-five (美國英語中常將and省略)

千以上

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6275 — six thousand two hundred and seventy-five; 1200 — twelve ? hundred

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二、序數(shù)詞：表示數(shù)目順序的詞為序數(shù)詞，它的構(gòu)成如下表

范圍

特點(diǎn)

實(shí)例

1～19

各基數(shù)詞尾加-th

其中7個(gè)例外：first, second, third, fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth。其余，如：fourth, sixth, ? nineteenth

20, 30～90

把-y變-i后加-eth

twentieth, fortieth, ninetieth

21以后多位數(shù)

最后一個(gè)數(shù)用序數(shù)詞，其余用基數(shù)詞

21st — twenty-first, 110th — one hundred and tenth

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三、數(shù)詞的用法

1. 英語中年月日、鐘點(diǎn)、序數(shù)詞、分?jǐn)?shù)詞、編號(hào)、算式表示法列表

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漢語示例

英語表示法

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時(shí)

間

表

達(dá)

2001年6月30日

June 30, 2001 / June 30th, 2001 / 30 June, 2001 / 30th June, 2001

七點(diǎn)二十五分(7:25)

seven twenty-five / twenty-five past seven

十二點(diǎn)五十四分(12:54)

twelve fifty-four / six to one

九點(diǎn)十五分(9:15)

nine fifteen / a quarter past nine

兩點(diǎn)半(2:30)

two thirty / half past two

二十一點(diǎn)五十分(21:50)

twenty-one fifty / ten to twenty-two

數(shù)

字

表

達(dá)

第二十一

twenty-first

第一百二十三

one hundred and twenty-third

二分之一；四分之一；五分之四

a half; one fourth; four-fifths (分子大于1時(shí)，在分母序數(shù)詞后加-s)

二又五分之二

two and two-fifths

百分之二十

20 percent

編

號(hào)

表

達(dá)

第七路公共汽車

Bus number 7 / Bus No. 7

第201號(hào)房間

Room 201

人民路153號(hào)

153 Renmin Road

第三中學(xué)

No. 3 Middle School

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算

式

表

達(dá)

4+8=12

Four plus eight is twelve.

11-7=4

Eleven minus seven is four.

6×5=30

Six times five is thirty.

20÷5=4

Twenty divided by five is four.

A＞B

A is more than B.

A＜B

A is less than B.

A≈B

A is approximately equal to B.

A≠B

A is not equal to B.

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2. 約數(shù)表示法列表

含義

英語表達(dá)

例句

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大于

more than

He has lived here for more than twenty years. 他已經(jīng)在這里住了20多年了。

over

She is over fifty. 她50多歲了。

or more

There are thirty people or more in the meeting-room. 會(huì)議室里有30多人。

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小于

less than

I have less than (no more than) fifty dollars. 我有不到50美元。

under

Children under seven are not allowed to enter. 7歲以下的兒童不許入內(nèi)。

below

He would not sell it for below a hundred fifty dollars. 低于150美元，他是不會(huì)賣掉它的。

or less

The coat might cost him sixty dollars or less. 這件外套花了他60美元或少一些。

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大約

nearly

She is nearly sixty now. 她近60歲了。

almost

It’s almost three o’clock. 差不多3點(diǎn)鐘了。

up to

Up to ten men can sleep in this tent. 這個(gè)帳篷可以睡近10人。

or

He spent four or five days writing the article. 他花了四、五天的時(shí)間寫這篇文章。

or so

The distance is twenty miles or so. 距離是20英里左右。

about

I visited the village about three years ago. 大約3年前，我訪問過那個(gè)村子。

some

Their team has some four or five players. 他們隊(duì)大約有四、五個(gè)選手。

more or less

The container can hold more or less twenty pounds of water. 這個(gè)容器大約可以裝20磅水。

around/round

Let’s make it around/round eight o’clock. 那我們就定在8點(diǎn)鐘左右吧。

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3. 不定數(shù)量詞“多”的表示法列表

被修飾名詞的數(shù)

英語表達(dá)

漢譯

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修飾可數(shù)名詞

dozens of

幾十；許多

scores of

許多

a number of, many, a good/great many(修飾復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞), many a(修飾可數(shù)名詞單數(shù))

許多；大量

hundreds of

數(shù)以百計(jì)

thousands of

成千上萬

millions of

數(shù)百萬

billions of

億萬

修飾不可數(shù)名詞

much, a great deal of, a large amount of, large amounts of

許多；大量

修飾可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞

a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a large quantity of, large quantities of

許多；大量

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考點(diǎn)練透

一、完成句子 根據(jù)句意將括號(hào)內(nèi)的漢語譯成英語。

1. It is not rare _________ (在九十年代) that people in their fifties are going to university for further education.

2. _________ (五分之三) of the land in that district is covered with trees and grass.

3. Americans eat _________ (兩倍多的) as many vegetables per person today as they did in 1910.

4. The earth is _________ (49倍) the size of the moon.

5. The grain output of this year is _________ (高8%) than that of last year.

6. _________ (幾百萬) people in the world are sending information by Wechat every day.

7. The hero of the story is an artist _________ (三十多歲).

8. Mr. Smith asked me to buy _________ (兩打) eggs for the dinner.

9. — Tell me where you live, please.

— I live _________ (在和平路123號(hào)).

10. About _________ (三千人) took part in the demonstration against the war on Iraq.

11. The rice production has _________ (增加了5.8%) this year.

12. There were fifteen presidents before Abraham Lincoln, so he was _________ (第十六任) president.

13. It will take me _________ (一年半的時(shí)間) to finish the course.

14. Is the Yellow River _________ (第二大河) in China?

15. _________ (開始的三個(gè)部分) of the text are rather difficult for us beginners.

16. I will stay here for _________ (一兩天).

17. He lived in _________ (五樓506房).

18. The class was over. The students went out of the classroom _________ (三三兩兩地).

二、語篇填空 閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，然后根據(jù)括號(hào)內(nèi)的漢語提示用適當(dāng)?shù)臄?shù)詞填空。

Have you ever seen ????1??? ?(一個(gè)) chimpanzee (黑猩猩) in a zoo? If not, better run and see one. Why? Because they are in danger and there may soon be none left.

chimpanzees were once found in ????2??? ?(許多) African countries. But, a United Nations report said last week that they are disappearing from some countries fast.

In Senegal, for example, there are only ????3??? ?(兩百) left. There used to be ????4??? ?(幾千). chimpanzees are a kind of great ape. There are three other kinds of great ape: gorillas, gibbons and orangutans, which are all in danger.

There are about ????5??? ?(四十萬) great apes in the world. “They all face extinction, some soon, others within ????6??? ?(五十五年),” says Klaus Topers, head of the UN Environment Program.

“Over ????7??? ?(百分之九十六) of great ape’s DNA is like ours. If we lose them, we will destroy a part of ourselves,” says Klaus.

Why are chimpanzees in danger and how can we save them? That’s because of human. We are killing them and destroying the forests where they live. According to the UN report ????8??? ?(數(shù)以千計(jì)) chimpanzees die each year because of humans. Some people kill them for money. But ????9??? ?(三分之二) of them die after humans cut down the forests where they live, which means great apes have no place to live and no food to eat.

Last week, scientists from ????10??? ?(四分之三的) the countries of the world met in Paris, France, and made a report telling countries how to protect apes.

三、語法填空 閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。 ??4 ???()

What is the world’s most widely used source of renewable energy? Solar power, wind energy, hydropower (水力發(fā)電) or bio-fuels.

hydropower ???1 ???(use) more than any other renewable, which is also one of the oldest ????2 ???(form) of renewable energy. Wheels ????3 ???(spin) by the current of flowing water provided power for centuries before electricity caught on. Solar panels as we know are a much more recent ???4 ???(invent). Their development really started advancing in the 1950s. They come with some downsides. Though they are considered ???5 ???form of clean energy, building the panels themselves and then disposing of old and damaged ones can cause significant harm ???6 ???the environment. And the solar windows you are about to see are ???7 ???(relative) small. Manufacturers (生產(chǎn)商) will have to find a way ???8 ???(develop) larger ones. Owners of skyscrapers will have to decide whether they want to install them. And there are questions about their cost versus modern windows ???9 ???don’t generate electricity. ???10 ??, the company that makes solar windows says the benefits are clear as glass.

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參考答案

考點(diǎn)練透

一、完成句子

1. in the 1990s? 2. Three fifths? 3. more than twice? 4. 49 times? 5. 8 percent higher? 6. Several million? 7. in his thirties? 8. two dozen? 9. at 123 Heping Road? 10. three thousand people? 11. increased by five point eight percent? 12. the sixteenth? 13. one and a half years’ time? 14. the second largest? 15. The first three parts? 16. one or two days? 17. Room 506 on the fifth floor? 18. in twos and threes

二、語篇填空

1. a/one? 2. many / a great number of? 3. two hundred? 4. several thousand? 5. four hundred thousand? 6. fifty-five years? 7. ninety-six percent? 8. thousands of? 9. two-thirds? 10. three-fourths of / three quarters of

三、語法填空

本文主要介紹了可再生能源以及可發(fā)電的太陽窗的缺點(diǎn)。

1. is used? 考查被動(dòng)語態(tài)。本句敘述客觀存在的狀態(tài)，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；主語hydropower與use是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故填is used。

2. forms? 考查名詞單復(fù)數(shù)?？崭袂坝衞ne of修飾，form應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)。

3. spun? 考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。因句中已有謂語動(dòng)詞provided，spin應(yīng)為非謂語動(dòng)詞；又由因wheels和spin是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，加之有by提示，用過去分詞作后置定語。

4. invention? 考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。在“冠詞(a)+形容詞(recent)”后應(yīng)填名詞的單數(shù)形式。

5. a? 考查冠詞。form為單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，前面應(yīng)加冠詞修飾。be considered (to be) a form of意為“被認(rèn)為是一種……形式”。

6. to ?考查介詞。因cause harm to (對(duì)……有害)為固定搭配。

7. relatively? 考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。修飾形容詞small，應(yīng)用副詞。

8. to develop? 考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。修飾抽象名詞way應(yīng)用不定式to develop作后置定語。a way to do sth.為固定搭配，意為“做某事的方式”。

9. that/which? 考查連詞。定語從句缺主語，先行詞modern windows指物，故填that/which。

10. However? 考查連詞。表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，后面有逗號(hào)，故填However。

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