2023年上半年漢譯英練習(xí)：清明節(jié)氣（六級(jí)版）
Directions: Translate the following paragraph into English.
????????清明節(jié)氣是二十四節(jié)氣的第五個(gè)節(jié)氣。此時(shí)節(jié)，草木華發(fā)，多種果樹(shù)進(jìn)入花期，各地的多種農(nóng)作物也將要播種。萬(wàn)物生長(zhǎng)此時(shí)，皆清潔而明凈。在二十四節(jié)氣中，清明既是自然的節(jié)氣點(diǎn)，又是古老的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日，兼具自然與人文兩大內(nèi)涵。2006年，清明節(jié)被列入第一批國(guó)家級(jí)非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)名錄。清明節(jié)是中國(guó)人最重要的祭祀節(jié)日，當(dāng)天，人們會(huì)祭祖掃墓，這是中華民族禮敬祖先、慎終追遠(yuǎn)的文化傳統(tǒng)。同時(shí)，人們也以各種方式致敬英雄、緬懷英烈，培養(yǎng)愛(ài)國(guó)主義、鼓勵(lì)年輕一代人不忘前人的囑托，為國(guó)家的繁榮貢獻(xiàn)自己的力量，也有很多人選擇出踏青、親近自然、迎接新生。
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【解析】
【1】節(jié)氣：traditional Chinese solar term，后文附24節(jié)氣英文對(duì)照表。
【2】草木華發(fā)：表示草木開(kāi)始發(fā)芽生長(zhǎng)，可以使用bud或者thrive，分別表示“發(fā)芽”“茁壯成長(zhǎng)”。
thrive的另一個(gè)使用環(huán)境是使用在“如雨后春筍般成長(zhǎng)”，直接將這整個(gè)部分翻譯成thrive即可。
【3】花期：flowering period，播種：seeding，sowing，也可以直接轉(zhuǎn)譯成開(kāi)花的動(dòng)詞bloom。
【4】自然與人文內(nèi)涵：connotations in humanity and nature. 內(nèi)涵的單詞是connotation，記憶方式：note-notation- + con- = connotation。
【5】緬懷英烈：使用動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)是honor the heroes and martyrs。英烈=英雄與烈士（martyr）
人民烈士永垂不朽：Long live and eternal glory to the people’s heroes and martyrs!
【6】第一批：the first batch of …
【7】被列入名錄采用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)“be included in”，根據(jù)時(shí)間點(diǎn)使用時(shí)態(tài)，2006年是過(guò)去式。was included in
【8】祭祀節(jié)日：a festival for paying tribute / worshipping
【9】祭祖掃墓：worship their ancestors and sweep tombs
【10】“禮敬祖先，慎重深遠(yuǎn)”來(lái)源于《論語(yǔ)》：曾子曰：“慎終追遠(yuǎn)，民德歸厚矣。” 譯文：曾子說(shuō)：“謹(jǐn)慎地對(duì)待父母輩喪禮的禮節(jié)，追念久遠(yuǎn)的祖先，百姓的道德風(fēng)尚就會(huì)日趨忠厚了?！狈g過(guò)來(lái)就是pay full attention to the funeral rites of the deceased parents and tribute to the forefathers / ancestors.
其中《論語(yǔ)》的英文名是：The Confucian Analects（如果再翻譯過(guò)來(lái)就是《儒家文摘》）
【11】致敬英雄，緬懷先烈可以直接翻譯成：honor the heroes and martyrs。以各種方式翻譯成：in various forms。
【12】培養(yǎng)愛(ài)國(guó)主義：cultivate patriotism / carry out patriotic education。
【13】不忘囑托，可以理解為珍重他們的期望：珍重可以寫(xiě)成hold dear (in mind) their expectations
【14】國(guó)家的繁榮昌盛：the prosperity of our country。
????????Pure Brightness is the fifth traditional Chinese solar term. During this time, flowers and trees bud, many kinds of fruit trees come to a period to bloom, also a period for growing a wide range of crops across the whole country. When it comes to a time when lives thrive, the nature comes to its pure and bright times. In the 24 traditional Chinese solar terms, Pure Brightness is both a timepoint for a solar term and an ancient and traditional festival, therefore it is a time of both connotations in humanity and nature. In 2006, The Qing Ming Festival was included in the first batch of China’s the State-Level Intangible Cultural Heritage List. The Qing Ming Festival is the most important festival for Chinese people to pay their tribute to their ancestors. On this day, people go for a tomb sweep, which is a cultural tradition of the Chinese nation of worshipping their forefathers and paying full attention to the funeral rites for their deceased parental generations, as well as tribute to their ancestors. At the same time, people will also honor the heroes and martyrs in various forms, cultivate patriotism and inspire young generations to hold dear in mind their senior generations’ expectations and bring out their best for the prosperity of our country. Also, quite a number of people choose to go out for a sightseeing to get closer to nature and celebrate the arrival of new lives.
