【附注】

1)該圖文只提供截止2020年為止的有效化石物種, 因此描述關(guān)于異名的事情不會過多!
2)如果以下內(nèi)容有出錯, 請大家文明指正謝謝! 我將來明年會出更新版圖文哦!

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【本UP使用的以下 海鱷亞目/Thalattosuchia 資料出處】

01）Wikipedia
02）Deviantart
03）ResearchGate
04）Twitter
05）https://data.nhm.ac.uk
06）SCI-NEWS
07）http://www.india.com
08）http://novataxa.blogspot.com
09）http://www.prehistoric-wildlife.com
10）【2015年論文】A new large-bodied thalattosuchian crocodyliform from the Lower Jurassic(Toarcian) of Hungary, with furtherevidence of the mosaic acquisition of marine adaptations in Metriorhynchoidea
11）【2018年論文】A new metriorhynchid crocodylomorph from the Oxford Clay Formation (Middle Jurassic) of England, with implications for the origin and diversification of Geosaurini
12）【2013年論文】A new specimen of Cricosaurus saltillensis (Crocodylomorpha Metriorhynchidae) from the Upper Jurassic of Mexico evidence for craniofacial convergence within Metriorhynchidae
13）【2016年論文】Big-headed marine crocodyliforms and why we must be cautious when usingextant species as body length proxies for long-extinct relatives
14）【2011年論文】Geosaurus vignaudi n.sp. (Crocodyliformes Thalattosuchia), first evidence of metriorhynchid crocodilians in the Late Jurassic (Tithonian) of central-east Mexico (State of Puebla)
15）【2015年論文】METRIORHYNCHIDAE (CrocODYLOMORPHA THALATTOSUCHIA) FROM UPPER JURASSIC-LOWER CRETACEOUS OF NEUQUéN BASIN (ARGENTINA), WITH COMMENTS ON THE NATURAL CASTS OF THE BRAIN
16）【2009年論文】Morphospace occupation in thalattosuchian crocodylomorphs：skull shape variation, species delineation and temporal patterns
17）【2013年論文】New remains of Machimosaurus hugii von Meyer, 1837(Crocodilia, Thalattosuchia) from the Kimmeridgian of Germany
18）【2016年論文】Occurrence of Torvoneustes (Crocodylomorpha, Metriorhynchidae) in marine Jurassic deposits of Oaxaca, Mexico
19）【1993年論文】Peipehsuchus teleorhinus的補充修訂
20）【2013年論文】Pelagosaurus typus Bronn, 1841 (Mesoeucrocodylia Thalattosuchia) from the Upper Lias (Toarcian, Lower Jurassic) of Somerset, England
21）【2012年論文】Phylogenetic and morphometric assessment of the evolution of the longirostrine crocodylomorphs
22）【2015年論文】Postcranial elements of Maledictosuchus riclaensis (Thalattosuchia) from the Middle Jurassic of Spain
23）【2017年論文】Re-description of 'Steneosaurus' obtusidens Andrews, 1909, an unusualmacrophagous teleosaurid crocodylomorph from the Middle Jurassic of England
24）【2019年論文】Re-description of two contemporaneous mesorostrine teleosauroids (Crocodylomorpha Thalattosuchia) from the Bathonian of England and insights into the early evolution of Machimosaurini
25）【2019年論文】Revision of the Late Jurassic deep-water teleosauroid crocodylomorph Teleosaurus megarhinus Hulke, 1871 and evidence of pelagic adaptations in Teleosauroidea
26）【2014年論文】The cranial osteology of Tyrannoneustes lythrodectikos (Crocodylomorph a Metriorhynchidae) from the Middle Jurassic of Europe
27）【2010年論文】The Evolution of Extreme Hypercarnivory in Metriorhynchidae (Mesoeucrocodylia Thalattosuchia) Based on Evidence from Microscopic Denticle Morphology
28）【2019年論文】The first metriorhynchoid crocodyliform from the Aalenian (Middle Jurassic) of Germany, with implications for the evolution of Metriorhynchoidea
29）【2011年論文】The oldest known metriorhynchid crocodylian from the Middle Jurassic of North-eastern Italy Neptunidraco ammoniticus gen. et sp. nov.
30）【2013年論文】The oldest known metriorhynchid super-predator a new genus and speciesfrom the Middle Jurassic of England, with implications for serration andmandibular evolution in predacious...
31）【2009年論文】The Skull of Teleosaurus cadomensis (Crocodylomorpha; Thalattosuchia), andPhylogenetic Analysis of Thalattosuchia
32）【2008年論文】What is Geosaurus Redescription of Geosaurus giganteus (Thalattosuchia Metriorhynchidae) from the Upper Jurassic of Bayern, Germany
33）【2015年論文】What's in an Outgroup The Impact of Outgroup Choice on the Phylogenetic Position of Thalattosuchia (Crocodylomorpha) and the Origin of Crocodyliformes

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【前述】

海鱷亞目/Thalattosuchia是從早侏羅紀到白堊紀早期具有世界性分布的一系列海洋鱷類的名稱. 盡管它們不是現(xiàn)代的鱷目/Crocodilia的成員, 但通稱它們?yōu)檠篦{類(Marine crocodiles)或海鱷類(Sea crocodiles).

海鱷亞目/Thalattosuchia是由Fraas在1901年命名. 學者對海鱷類的分類有不同意見, 海鱷類可能是中鱷亞目/里的下目,也可能是亞目. 然而中鱷亞目/Mesosuchia因為本身是個并系群, 所以不再使用.

在非海洋沉積物中也發(fā)現(xiàn)了遠蜥鱷超科/Teleosauroidea的一些比較早期的高度淡水物種成員, 例如印中鱷屬·河流暹羅種/Indosinosuchus potamosiamensis（泰國，侏羅紀中期~晚期）、印中鱷屬·卡拉斯地種/Indosinosuchus kalasinensis（泰國，侏羅紀中期~晚期）和北碚鱷屬·遠鼻種/Peipehsuchus teleorhinus（中國、吉爾吉斯斯坦，侏羅紀(早期)-托阿爾階）

遠洋蜥鱷屬/Pelagosaurus屬曾被分類學感到混淆, 曾分類到遠蜥鱷超科/Teleosauroidea、或是遠蜥鱷超科/Teleosauroidea與中喙鱷超科/Metriorhynchoidea之間的演化枝姊妹分類, 現(xiàn)在科學研究已經(jīng)確認遠洋蜥鱷屬/Pelagosaurus分類位置為中喙鱷超科/Metriorhynchoidea的原始+基底的物種之一.

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【分類樹】

海鱷亞目/Thalattosuchia的具體生物學分類位置:

動物界/Animalia → 脊索動物門/Chordata → 真有頷小門/Eugnathostomata → 真口類/Teleostomi → 硬骨魚高綱/Osteichthyes → 肉鰭魚類/Sarcopterygii → 四足形類/Tetrapodomorpha → 堅頭類/Stegocephalia → 四足總綱/Tetrapoda → 爬行形類/Reptiliomorpha → 羊膜動物/Amniota → 蜥臉綱/Sauropsida → 真爬行類/Eureptilia → 盧默龍類/Romeriida → 雙孔亞綱/ Diapsida → 新雙弓類/Neodiapsida → 蜥類/Sauria → 統(tǒng)治龍形下綱(主龍形下綱)/Archosauromorpha → 鱷腳類/Crocopoda → 統(tǒng)治龍型類/Archosauriformes → 真鱷腳類/ Eucrocopoda → 鑲嵌踝類/Crurotarsi → 統(tǒng)治龍類/Archosauria → 偽鱷類/Pseudosuchia → 鱷類/Suchia → 副鱷形類/Paracrocodylomorpha → 鎧甲類/Loricata → 鱷形超目/Crocodylomorpha → 中真鱷類/Mesoeucrocodylia → 后鱷類/Metasuchia → 新鱷類/Neosuchia → 海鱷亞目/Thalattosuchia

海鱷亞目/Thalattosuchia內(nèi)部物種分類表(Wikipedia，2020年修訂版):

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【分類爭議】

海鱷亞目/Thalattosuchia曾經(jīng)先后有過分類上的爭議性(下圖來自于2015年的論文內(nèi)容)

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【演化編年史】

侏羅紀早期：在托阿爾階時代，出現(xiàn)了海鱷亞目最早物種：大型脊椎鱷屬/Macrospondylus、神秘蜥鱷屬/Mystriosaurus、北碚鱷屬/Peipehsuchus、遠洋蜥鱷屬/Pelagosaurus、寬鱷屬/Platysuchus和側(cè)目鱷屬/Plagiophthalmosuchus，雖然當時海鱷亞目不都是海生物種，但在侏羅紀早期的托阿爾階時代開啟了前往海洋環(huán)境擴張的演化道路。

侏羅紀中期：遠蜥鱷超科/Teleosauroidea和中喙鱷超科/Metriorhynchoidea這倆海鱷亞目倆派開始演化出身形更具流線型的身材結(jié)構(gòu)、大多數(shù)物種頭顱外形越來越狹窄和皮內(nèi)成骨開始退化消失等各種極高度水生演化跡象。

侏羅紀晚期：該時代為海鱷亞目物種演化的巔峰期，物種方面甚至演化出身長超過4米(生態(tài)位和體型僅次于當時戰(zhàn)績海洋頂級掠食者的上龍超科/Pliosauroidea大型物種)的物種：蠻泳鱷屬/Torvoneustes、暴君泳鱷屬/Tyrannoneustes、噬蜥鱷屬/Dakosaurus和好斗蜥鱷屬/Machimosaurus。

白堊紀早期：由于海鱷亞目在侏羅紀晚期結(jié)束時遭遇了 提通階滅絕事件/Tithonian extinction event(至今1億4千5萬年前)，海鱷亞目的物種多樣性因此慘遭重創(chuàng)，到白堊紀早期時只殘存少數(shù)幾和物種：噬蜥鱷屬·安第斯種/Dakosaurus andiniensis（阿根廷，侏羅紀(晚期)-提通階~白堊紀(早期)-貝利亞階）、地蜥鱷屬·拉皮帕尼種/Geosaurus lapparenti（法國，白堊紀(早期)-凡藍今階）和好斗蜥鱷屬·帝王種/Machimosaurus rex（突尼斯，白堊紀(早期)-巴列姆階）；到白堊紀晚期時早已沒有任何海鱷亞目物種的化石記載了。

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【物種列表】

已知有效物種屬數(shù)：總共45種

易變齒鱷屬/Aeolodon
https://www.bilibili.com/read/cv9421314
安吉奧拉蜥鱷屬/Aggiosaurus
https://www.bilibili.com/read/cv9421093
高貴鱷屬/Andrianavoay
https://www.bilibili.com/read/cv9420822
深海鱷屬/Bathysuchus
https://www.bilibili.com/read/cv9420790
優(yōu)美鱷屬/Charitomenosuchus
https://www.bilibili.com/read/cv9425424
克洛斯沃斯海生鱷屬/Clovesuurdameredeor
https://www.bilibili.com/read/cv9420713
環(huán)蜥鱷屬/Cricosaurus
https://www.bilibili.com/read/cv9390810
噬蜥鱷屬/Dakosaurus
https://www.bilibili.com/read/cv9390745
迪斯咯那鱷屬/Deslongchampsina
https://www.bilibili.com/read/cv9390570
黎明泳鱷屬/Eoneustes
https://www.bilibili.com/read/cv9390516
地蜥鱷屬/Geosaurus
https://www.bilibili.com/read/cv9390393
纖細泳鱷屬/Gracilineustes
https://www.bilibili.com/read/cv9373199
古地蜥鱷屬/Ieldraan
https://www.bilibili.com/read/cv9373149
印中鱷屬/Indosinosuchus
https://www.bilibili.com/read/cv9373070
雷米鱷屬/Lemmysuchus
https://www.bilibili.com/read/cv9373004
好斗蜥鱷屬/Machimosaurus
https://www.bilibili.com/read/cv9372846
大型脊椎鱷屬/Macrospondylus
https://www.bilibili.com/read/cv9355712
馬扎爾鱷屬/Magyarosuchus
https://www.bilibili.com/read/cv9355662
惡咒鱷屬/Maledictosuchus
https://www.bilibili.com/read/cv9355602
中喙鱷屬/Metriorhynchus
https://www.bilibili.com/read/cv9355539
鼻子鱷屬/Mycterosuchus
https://www.bilibili.com/read/cv9355455
神秘蜥鱷屬/Mystriosaurus
https://www.bilibili.com/read/cv9339176
新狹蜥鱷屬/Neosteneosaurus
https://www.bilibili.com/read/cv9339036
涅普頓龍鱷屬/Neptunidraco
https://www.bilibili.com/read/cv9338972
泳蜥鱷屬/Neustosaurus
https://www.bilibili.com/read/cv9338951
蛇夫座鱷屬/Opisuchus
https://www.bilibili.com/read/cv9338880
北碚鱷屬/Peipehsuchus
https://www.bilibili.com/read/cv9322730
遠洋蜥鱷屬/Pelagosaurus
https://www.bilibili.com/read/cv9322711
側(cè)目鱷屬/Plagiophthalmosuchus
https://www.bilibili.com/read/cv9322622
寬鱷屬/Platysuchus
https://www.bilibili.com/read/cv9322513
近似鱷屬/Plesiosuchus
https://www.bilibili.com/read/cv9322346
大頭大結(jié)節(jié)鱷屬/Proexochokefalos
https://www.bilibili.com/read/cv9310522
古書蜥鱷/Purranisaurus
https://www.bilibili.com/read/cv9310444
脊蜥鱷屬/Rhacheosaurus
https://www.bilibili.com/read/cv9310401
罕見鱷屬/Seldsienean
https://www.bilibili.com/read/cv9310286
絲齒鱷屬/Sericodon
https://www.bilibili.com/read/cv9309527
狹蜥鱷屬/Steneosaurus
https://www.bilibili.com/read/cv9309264
鱷齒鱷屬/Suchodus
https://www.bilibili.com/read/cv9309189
完全蜥鱷屬/Teleidosaurus
https://www.bilibili.com/read/cv9309098
遠蜥鱷屬/Teleosaurus
https://www.bilibili.com/read/cv9308905
海鱷屬/Thalattosuchus
https://www.bilibili.com/read/cv9310133
蠻泳鱷屬/Torvoneustes
https://www.bilibili.com/read/cv9281169
暴泳鱷屬/Tyrannoneustes
https://www.bilibili.com/read/cv9280995
混種鱷屬/Yvridiosuchus
https://www.bilibili.com/read/cv9280863
大齒鱷屬/Zoneait
https://www.bilibili.com/read/cv9280829