This threat to American culture is 'political correctness on?steroids'

Political correctness never went far enough to spark meaningful?ire. But that is over

By?David Marcus?| Fox News

Over the past decade or so a?rhetorical?shift has occurred in our political and social?discourse. "Political correctness," the long-standing standard term for the?ideological excesses?of the left, was replaced by the term?"woke."

在過(guò)去十年左右的時(shí)間里，我們的政治和社會(huì)話語(yǔ)發(fā)生了修辭上的轉(zhuǎn)變。長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)，“政治正確”一直是左翼意識(shí)形態(tài)泛濫的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)術(shù)語(yǔ)，現(xiàn)在被“覺(jué)醒”一詞所取代。

steroid /?ster??d/ /?st??r?/ n.甾族化合物；類固醇，其中一類被用于治療陽(yáng)痿等，這里指的是“社會(huì)警醒”這個(gè)術(shù)語(yǔ)相當(dāng)于“政治正確的春藥”。

ire n. /?a??(r)/ 憤怒? to arouse/raise/provoke the ire of local residents 激怒當(dāng)?shù)鼐用?/span>

rhetorical adj. /r??t?r?kl/ 1.(問(wèn)題) 反問(wèn)的；反詰的。2.(常用于負(fù)面表述) (言語(yǔ)或文章) 辭藻華麗的；虛夸的；花言巧語(yǔ)的3.修辭的；修辭性的；帶有修辭色彩的?the use of rhetorical devices such as metaphor and irony 諸如暗喻和反諷等修辭手法的運(yùn)用

discourse /?d?sk??s/名詞：1.論文；演講?a discourse on issues of gender and sexuality 關(guān)于性別和性行為的論文2.[ U] (語(yǔ)言)語(yǔ)篇；話語(yǔ)?spoken/written discourse 口頭╱書(shū)面語(yǔ)篇。動(dòng)詞：discourse on/upon sth講述；論述

ideological excesses：意識(shí)形態(tài)泛濫

Woke即指清醒狀態(tài)。從1930年代開(kāi)始，為黑人爭(zhēng)取民權(quán)斗爭(zhēng)中使用，概指對(duì)社會(huì)種族不公正和種族歧視保持警醒。到2010年，這個(gè)詞開(kāi)始包括更為廣泛的社會(huì)公正內(nèi)容，泛指對(duì)一切社會(huì)不公正和性取向歧視保持警醒狀態(tài)。共和黨則在近年里開(kāi)始賦予woke貶義。

Is this change simply a style shift, a new word to describe basically the same thing as the old? Or does?wokeness differ significantly from the concept of political correctness?

這種變化僅僅是一種風(fēng)格的轉(zhuǎn)變，一個(gè)用來(lái)描述與舊的基本相同的東西的新詞嗎?還是說(shuō)“社會(huì)警醒”與“政治正確”的概念有很大的不同?

I posed this question on social media recently, as well as to some colleagues who write often on the subject and the general consensus seemed to be that wokeness is a kind of industrial strength?PC, as one person put it, "PC on steroids."

我最近在社交媒體上提出了這個(gè)問(wèn)題，也問(wèn)了一些經(jīng)常就這個(gè)問(wèn)題撰文的同事，普遍的共識(shí)似乎是，“社會(huì)警醒”是一種工業(yè)強(qiáng)化的政治正確，就像一個(gè)人說(shuō)的那樣，“吃了春藥的政治正確”。

PC：political correctness的縮寫，政治正確

But what makes wokeness so much more aggressive than political correctness? What are the?sinews?that give it such industrial strength?

但是，是什么讓“社會(huì)警醒”比政治正確更具侵略性呢?是什么力量賦予它如此強(qiáng)大的工業(yè)力量?

sinew n. /?s?nju?/ 1.肌腱2.力量的來(lái)源；關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié)；要害之處

Both terms date at least back to the mid-Twentieth Century, both saw their meanings alter during that time, but unlike woke, PC was never a term that progressives used about themselves in a positive way. By the mid 1970s PC was being used by academics on the left to self?deprecatingly?warn against becoming too attached to?orthodoxies.

這兩個(gè)術(shù)語(yǔ)至少可以追溯到20世紀(jì)中期，它們的含義都在那個(gè)時(shí)候發(fā)生了變化，但與“社會(huì)警醒”不同的是，“政治正確”從來(lái)都不是進(jìn)步人士用來(lái)積極描述自己的正面術(shù)語(yǔ)。到20世紀(jì)70年代中期，左派學(xué)者開(kāi)始使用“政治正確”，自嘲地警告不要過(guò)于執(zhí)著于正統(tǒng)。

deprecate v. /?depr?ke?t/ 對(duì)…表示極不贊成；強(qiáng)烈反對(duì)

orthodoxy n. /???θ?d?ksi/ 1.正統(tǒng)觀念；普遍接受的觀點(diǎn)?an economist arguing against the current financial orthodoxy 一位批駁現(xiàn)行正統(tǒng)金融觀念的經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家。2. 正統(tǒng)的信仰（或做法）3.正教會(huì)；正教信仰與做法

It was not until 1987, and Allan Bloom’s book ‘The Closing of the American Mind’ focused on campuses, that the term became an attack widely used by the right against a left who they accused of shutting down speech?in deference to?those very orthodoxies.

直到1987年，艾倫·布魯姆的《美國(guó)心靈的關(guān)閉》一書(shū)關(guān)注校園，這個(gè)詞才被右翼廣泛使用，用來(lái)攻擊左翼，他們指責(zé)左翼為了尊重那些正統(tǒng)思想而壓制言論。

in deference to 聽(tīng)從，鑒于，考慮到，遵從

By 1992 Pat Buchanan had made fighting political correctness central to his presidential campaign. The eventual?GOP?nominee, George HW Bush, who was far from a culture warrior, even?decried?it in a 1991?commencement?address, specifically mentioning the problem in universities.

到1992年，帕特·布坎南已經(jīng)把反對(duì)政治正確作為他總統(tǒng)競(jìng)選的核心。最終的共和黨候選人喬治·HW·布什遠(yuǎn)非一個(gè)文化戰(zhàn)士，他甚至在1991年的畢業(yè)典禮演講中譴責(zé)了這一問(wèn)題，特別提到了大學(xué)中的這一問(wèn)題。

GOP：共和黨的別稱—大老黨

decry v. /d??kra?/ ~ sb/sth (as sth) ( formal ) （公開(kāi)）譴責(zé)；（強(qiáng)烈）批評(píng)

commencement n. /k??mensm?nt/ 1.開(kāi)始；開(kāi)端?the commencement of the financial year 財(cái)政年度的開(kāi)始2.( NAmE ) 學(xué)位授予典禮；畢業(yè)典禮

Throughout the 1990’s there was room to gently mock PC culture, as ‘Seinfeld’ famously did in the episode where Kramer declines to wear the red AIDS ribbon. "Who doesn’t want to wear the ribbon!" an activist?bellows.?We are meant to be on Kramer’s side and laugh at the absurd virtue signaling. Importantly, Kramer even supports the movement, he just doesn’t want to be told how to express it.

在整個(gè)20世紀(jì)90年代，人們都有機(jī)會(huì)溫和地嘲笑“政治正確”文化，就像《宋飛正傳》中克萊默拒絕佩戴艾滋病紅絲帶的那一集那樣?！罢l(shuí)不想戴絲帶啊!”一個(gè)激進(jìn)分子怒吼道。我們應(yīng)該站在克雷默一邊，嘲笑這種荒謬的道德綁架。重要的是，克萊默甚至支持這項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)，他只是不想被他人安排做事。

bellow /?bel??/ v. 1.~ (sth) (at sb)（對(duì)某人）大聲吼叫，怒吼?They bellowed at her to stop. 他們吼叫著讓她停下。2.（公牛等）吼叫

Political Correctness was much more of a loose social contract than the set of?codified?rules that would take hold with wokeness. Importantly the speech codes of the PC era tended to be restrictions on subject matters such as black on black crime, issues in the gay community, or the cultural impacts of mass immigration.

政治正確更像是一種松散的社會(huì)契約，而不是一套固定的“社會(huì)警醒”成文規(guī)則。重要的是，政治正確時(shí)期的言論規(guī)范傾向于對(duì)主題的限制，如黑人對(duì)黑人犯罪、同性戀社區(qū)的問(wèn)題或大規(guī)模移民的文化影響。

codify v. /?k??d?fa?/ (術(shù)語(yǔ))把…編成法典

Compelled speech was not typically a feature of political correctness, that would change with the rise of wokeness.

強(qiáng)迫性發(fā)聲并不是政治正確的典型特征，這將隨著社會(huì)警醒的興起而改變。

Occupy Wall Street in 2011 offers an early example of the codification of progressive ideology that marks wokeism. The governing body of?OWS, known as the General Assembly, employed what is called a "progressive stack" for its meetings. Anyone could speak, but slots were given in order of how marginalized the speaker's identities were. A black, trans lesbian would speak very early, a straight white guy would speak last, if time permitted.

2011年的“占領(lǐng)華爾街”運(yùn)動(dòng)提供了一個(gè)標(biāo)志著“社會(huì)覺(jué)醒主義”的進(jìn)步意識(shí)形態(tài)法典化的早期例子。占領(lǐng)華爾街的管理機(jī)構(gòu)，即聯(lián)合大會(huì)，在會(huì)議上采用了所謂的“漸進(jìn)堆?！?。任何人都可以發(fā)言，但順序是根據(jù)發(fā)言者身份的邊緣化程度來(lái)分配的。如果時(shí)間允許的話，一個(gè)黑人、變性女同性戀會(huì)很早發(fā)言，一個(gè)白人直男會(huì)最后發(fā)言。

OWS：占領(lǐng)華爾街運(yùn)動(dòng)的縮寫

The idea here was to?redress?centuries of straight white guys doing most of the talking in government, but it was far more?explicit?in its silencing of those voices than PC had ever been.

這里的想法是糾正幾個(gè)世紀(jì)以來(lái)在政府中白人直男掌握話語(yǔ)權(quán)的現(xiàn)象，但它在壓制這些（白男）發(fā)聲方面比要“政治正確”明確得多。

redress /r??dres/ /r??dres/ 糾正；矯正；改正?to redress an injustice 糾正不公

redress the ?balance恢復(fù)公平合理的情況；恢復(fù)平衡

explicit adj. /?k?spl?s?t/ adj.清楚明白的，詳述的；直截了當(dāng)?shù)?，坦率?/span>

A few years later, in 2015, over 80 theater companies around the country would sign a pledge, called Jubilee 2020, that promised in that year they would produce no plays by straight,?cis, able, white men. The loose social contract was?calcifying?into the tablets of the law. And in this set of woke commandments, compelled speech would play a major role.

幾年后，也就是2015年，全國(guó)80多家劇院簽署了一份名為“禧年2020”的承諾，承諾在那一年，他們將不再創(chuàng)作由異性戀、順性、能干的白人男性出演的戲劇。松散的社會(huì)契約已固化成法律條文。在這一套“社會(huì)驚醒”的戒律中，強(qiáng)迫發(fā)聲扮演著重要的角色。

cisman是指cisgender man 直男或順性男，即出生為男性，心里認(rèn)同為男性。

calcify v. /?k?ls?fa?/ (術(shù)語(yǔ)) t（使）鈣化，骨化

Unlike the relatively flexible speech restrictions of political correctness, wokeness requires us to?affirmatively?use the "correct" pronouns, to sign the confessional statement at our company’s?DEI?training, and to wear the pride jersey.

與政治正確相對(duì)靈活的言論限制不同，“社會(huì)警醒”要求我們明確地使用“正確”的代詞，在我們公司的DEI培訓(xùn)中簽署懺悔聲明，并穿上榮譽(yù)戰(zhàn)袍。

Affirmatively /??f??m?t?vli/adv.肯定地；斷然地

DEI ：Diversity,Equity&Inclusion 多樣性、平等和包容

Jordan Peterson’s?meteoric?rise to fame began with his refusal to use his student’s pronouns. It was a tipping point for many who had seen political correctness as?tedious?but tolerable but, like Kramer,?couldn’t?abide?being forced into speech.

喬丹·彼得森的迅速成名始于他拒絕使用學(xué)生的代詞。對(duì)于許多人來(lái)說(shuō)，這是一個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)，他們認(rèn)為政治正確乏味但可以忍受，但像克萊默一樣，無(wú)法忍受被迫發(fā)表演講。

Jordan Peterson臨床心理學(xué)家和頭牌暢銷書(shū)作家，因?yàn)榕険魧W(xué)術(shù)界“安全空間”，貶低女權(quán)主義，謳歌父權(quán)秩序，哀嘆“陽(yáng)剛氣質(zhì)危機(jī)”，以及拒絕使用變性人心儀的人稱代詞而迅速成名。

meteoric adj. /?mi?ti??r?k/ 1.迅速成功的?a meteoric rise to fame 迅速成名2.流星的?meteoric craters 流星撞擊形成的坑

tedious adj. /?ti?di?s/冗長(zhǎng)的；啰唆的；單調(diào)乏味的；令人厭煩的

can't/couldn't ~ sb/sth （十分厭惡而）不能容忍，無(wú)法容忍?I can't abide people with no sense of humour. 我討厭和沒(méi)有幽默感的人打交道

The?upshot?of the transition from PC to wokeness has thankfully been a swift backlash in recent years, not only from?pundits?but from political leaders like Donald Trump and Ron DeSantis, both of whom have championed laws and regulations aimed at weakening wokeness’ hold on society.

值得慶幸的是，近年來(lái)，從“政治正確”到“社會(huì)警醒”的迅速轉(zhuǎn)變引起了反彈，不僅來(lái)自專家，還來(lái)自唐納德·特朗普和羅恩·德桑蒂斯等政治領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人，他們都支持旨在削弱“社會(huì)警醒”對(duì)社會(huì)的控制相關(guān)法律法規(guī)。

upshot n. /??p??t/ 最后結(jié)果；結(jié)局

pundit n. /?p?nd?t/ 行家；權(quán)威；專家

champion 作動(dòng)詞是為…而斗爭(zhēng)；捍衛(wèi)；聲援

Americans aren’t just rolling their eyes anymore, they see a real threat to our schools, to kids indoctrinated by gender ideology, to corporations held?hostage?by DEI departments, and even to art and storytelling.

美國(guó)人不再只是翻白眼（旁觀），他們看到了對(duì)我們的學(xué)校、對(duì)被性別意識(shí)形態(tài)灌輸?shù)暮⒆?、?duì)被DEI部門劫持的公司、甚至對(duì)藝術(shù)和話語(yǔ)敘述的真正威脅。

hostage n. /?h?st?d?/ 人質(zhì)? He was held hostage for almost a year. 他被扣為人質(zhì)幾近一年。

For 25 years political correctness walked a?tightrope, never going far enough to spark meaningful ire, in the age of wokeness that is over. A new cultural battle has been joined, and this time there seems to be very little room for compromise.

25年來(lái)，政治正確一直在走鋼絲，但從沒(méi)有走到足以引發(fā)有意義的程度憤怒，但（和平）在這個(gè)“社會(huì)警醒”的時(shí)代已經(jīng)結(jié)束。一場(chǎng)新的文化戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)已經(jīng)開(kāi)始，這一次似乎沒(méi)有什么妥協(xié)的余地。

tightrope n. /?ta?tr??p/（尤指馬戲團(tuán)表演用的）繃緊的繩索，繃緊的鋼絲

英文鏈接：https://www.foxnews.com/opinion/this-threat-american-culture-is-political-correctness-steroids