正文翻譯

This is quite complex, and as much as I know is only the tip of the iceberg, but I'll tell you what I've experienced in Thailand.To begin with, the lady boy culture is very accepted there. My friend says its the kind of thing you take your parents and grandparents to when there's nothing else on. She also told me that homosexuality isn't particularly well regarded in most parts of Thailand, and by one partner performing a feminine role, it makes the coupling more acceptable. Of course, there will always be biological men who feel that they are women, and biological women who feel that they are men, and the lady boy scene provides an outlet for this (although keeping in mind that it still privileges the biological male).

這件事情原因相當(dāng)復(fù)雜。我只知道冰山一角。我可以告訴你我在泰國的經(jīng)歷。首先，泰國變性人文化接受度是非常高的。當(dāng)沒有什么其他好的電視節(jié)目的時候，你可以帶著你的父母或者祖父母去看人妖表演。她還告訴我，在泰國的大部分地區(qū)，同性戀并不特別受歡迎。但是，如果他變性的話，那么這種事情更容易被接受。當(dāng)然，總是會有一些男人，雖然生理上是男性，但是他覺得自己是女人。另外一些女人，雖然他們生理上是女人，但她自己覺得自己是男人。這種社會文化為這類人尋找到了一個出口。

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評論翻譯

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1.1.1Sandy Lu
i have seen very obvious female make-up male work in hotel reception and restaurant, it still confuses us: is it something they like to do? or some other reasons? do you know why?

我曾經(jīng)在酒店前臺和餐廳看到過一些涂脂抹粉的男性。這讓我感到非常困惑。他們是真的喜歡做這樣的事情嗎？還是有其他的原因？你能告訴我嗎？

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1.1.1.1Bung Atchariyaphuk
Because they want to be women but they happen to be born with male body and sex organ

因為他們想成為女人，但是他們在出生的時候卻成了男人。

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3.Suttichart Denpreuktham, I may not look like it but I am siamese
Hmnn.. I really shouldn't be on qoura at this hour, really, I should go back to my paper but this question is just so interesting that I can't help but showing something I spend our digging in that pile of books.So to answer your question - I think it's just about Thai culture, no not our openess to sexuality, not our tolerant to homosexual culture (your parent can be seriously disappointed if you turn out to be lady boy), and no it is because of our natural kindness (and the kindness is not always natural..) Thai parents value gender role a lot - most would fill with joy to have a son as their children .They would also love their daugther of course, but a son is something that came with some degree of prestique. Some thing they can boast about with their their neighbour, someone they can expected to rely upon as they growth old. By turning into ladyboy, you had completely crushed that dream, that honour, that expectation they have had when they first look at you to pieces. By the old practice this some thing of a house-breaking event that would should, by tradition, resulted in you being disown and expel from the household, never to be seen again.

我真的不應(yīng)該在這個時候來談?wù)撨@個問題。我應(yīng)該去好好寫我的論文，但是，這個問題實在是太有趣了。我認(rèn)為這個本身是泰國的文化。這并不意味著泰國本身對于性非常開放。也不是因為泰國本身寬容同性戀。主要是因為泰國人天生是善良的。泰國父母非常重視子女的性別。大多數(shù)人會因為有一個兒子而感到高興。當(dāng)然，如果生下的是女兒的話，他們也會愛他們的女兒。但是，兒子在某種程度上會關(guān)系到某種聲望。他們可以向他們鄰居吹噓他們有兒子。他們可以指望在年老的時候指望他們的兒子。當(dāng)一個男孩變成一個人妖的時候，他把他的父母的榮譽，夢想，期望就完全粉碎了。按著以前的觀點，這是一種破壞家庭的行為，這個人會被逐出家庭，再也不會允許他回來。

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4.Ric Lawes, Arrived Thailand 2000, never left!
Originally Answered: Why are there so many lady boys in Thailand?
There is a genetic answer as well as a social answer. Genetically there are closeness of chromosomes which means the difference between the genders is often confusing. This has been related to diet, geophysical influence and even smoking (supposedly the cause of the majority of newborn children being girls). This has been described in medical journals within Thailand as a female developed brain but in a male body. The closeness means the individual tends to choose which gender they wish to be, then follows the path of correcting the physical aspect of the body. Are they gay? I would say the majority are but have a desire to be totally female, thus after the creation of female genitalia, tend to be closer to female gender in entirety. The social issue is more blurred with many children born out of ‘mistakes’, and are brought up by mums and grand mums in the village. The social interaction is all female, as is the influence. The young boys who are brought up from babies to teens are quite susceptible to this influence thus with any chromosome closeness it is easy to transgender. Be it urban myth or reality, as already stated here, gender confusion remains an issue no one wishes to address thus it is easy to simply accept it. I do not know the statistics and would not rely on any (anyway).

關(guān)于這個問題，有一個遺傳學(xué)上的答案，也有一個社會學(xué)上的。關(guān)于遺傳學(xué)，從基因上來看，兩性的基因是很相似的。但是性狀上的差異卻讓人感到很困惑。這與飲食，生存環(huán)境甚至吸煙都有關(guān)系。在泰國的醫(yī)學(xué)雜志上，這件事情被描述為女人的大腦，男人的身體。他們是同性戀嗎？在我看來，他們只是想充一個完全的女性。這種現(xiàn)象的社會原因就比較模糊了。許多孩子生在錯誤的環(huán)境里面。他們由母親或者大娘撫養(yǎng)長大，他們與之互動的對象都是女性。長此以往，他們也會受到影響。這也會讓他們很容易成為跨性別長大。正如上面所說的那樣，無論是都市傳說還是現(xiàn)實。性別的錯亂是一個很難解決的問題。所以只能接受。我沒有任何的統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)，以上只是我自己個人的想法。

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5.Zemg Adnrew
After Vietnam war, American soldiers had the sexual need. Some Thailand pretty men found out when they dressed up as man, these hungry and thirsty soldiers will pay for them as well. Thailand government also found out it was one of the effective ways to help its citizens survived and Thailand can developed its deadly economy through this kind of service industry. This market was developed since then. Thailand is a Buddhism country, where Katoey, Gay, Bisexual, Tomgirl, Di and Lesbian are more accepted by society comparing to Christian countries, where male marries female is the only righteousness thing.Nowadays, the reasons why tons of foreigners are attracted to Thailand, besides Thailand’s delicious food, Buddhas, wonderful views and amazing culture, lady-boy entertainment is an important reason. In 2016, tourism revenue, 2.53 trillion baht, accounted for 17.7 percent of Thailand's GDP while the global average for GDP contribution from tourism is 9 percent.(Source: Tourism to continue growth spurt in 2017). Tourism is a support industry for Thailand economy, government is not stupid to throw this fat meat away, even officers are fully aware of this industry contains huge sexual trades.

越南戰(zhàn)爭爆發(fā)之后，美國士兵性需求成為一個市場。當(dāng)時一些泰國帥哥發(fā)現(xiàn)，當(dāng)他們精心打扮之后，他們也依然會受到美國大兵的歡迎。當(dāng)時泰國政府發(fā)現(xiàn)，這是幫助他們國民改善生存的有效途徑。泰國可以通過這種手段來發(fā)展他們的經(jīng)濟。從那時開始，這種跨性別市場就開始發(fā)展起來了。泰國是一個佛教國家。相對于基督教國家，泰國更容易接受這種跨性別。如今，大量的外國人被吸引到泰國。他們?nèi)ヌ﹪嗣牢兜氖澄?，觀看佛像以及美妙的風(fēng)景之外，人妖娛樂也是一個非常重要的原因。在2016年，泰國旅游業(yè)收入為2.53萬億泰銖。這些收入占泰國GDP的17.7%。全球平均旅游占GDP收入為9%。相比較而言，泰國在該項收入方面更為突出。旅游業(yè)是泰國的經(jīng)濟支柱產(chǎn)業(yè)。盡管泰國政府已經(jīng)意識到這個行業(yè)當(dāng)中包含著大量的性交易，但是，泰國政府不會愚蠢到想要去扔掉這塊肥肉。

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6.Warren Wai, I love Thailand, who doesn't ?!
There are far more ladyboys in Thailand seen in the past 10 years. In the 1990's, they are present but not as prent. If you visit a rural community, maybe 1-2% were ladyboys. Now, its up to 5%, even more. In the 90's if you visit a mall, you might run into 1-2 if you walk around for 1/2 hour. Now, you definitely find it hard not to run into a ladyboy within 5 minutes. The social acceptance and the growth of a ladyboy subculture amongst the youth is probably a reason for the recent mushrooming of the phenomenon. If a young boy finds himself inclined towards feminine aspects, this subculture could quite possibly guide him(now her) into adopting a fully feminine lifestyle. Once she commences taking hormones (which are so readily available), another ladyboy is born.

在過去的十年里，泰國人妖的數(shù)量已經(jīng)增長了很多。在上個世紀(jì)90年代，雖然泰國人妖也是存在的，但是數(shù)量并不普遍。如果你去農(nóng)村地區(qū)的話，你會發(fā)現(xiàn)有1%至2%的人是人妖。但是，現(xiàn)在這個數(shù)字已經(jīng)上升到5%，甚至可能會更高。在上個世紀(jì)90年代，如果你去一個購物中心，你走半個小時，你可能會遇到一至兩個人妖。但是，現(xiàn)在如果你做相同的事情的話，你會發(fā)現(xiàn)每隔五分鐘，你至少能遇到一個人妖。這種亞文化在年輕人當(dāng)中不斷傳播，這可能與泰國社會對人妖文化的認(rèn)可度越來越高有關(guān)系。如果一個小男孩發(fā)現(xiàn)自己有女性傾向，那么這種亞文化很可能會吸引他，讓他以一種完全女性化的方式去生活。一旦他開始去服用荷爾蒙，那么，一個人妖就出現(xiàn)了。在泰國，荷爾蒙是很容易得到的東西。

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7.Tath Kositanont, Work in the Mobile Gaming
Originally Answered: Is there a reason why there are a lot of Ladyboys in Bangkok?
First of all, Thailand society is open for gender as Gay, Lesbian, Transgender, ladyboy, etc. You can see many of these "new identity" strive in several industries especially tourism, fashion, cosmetic and entertainment. Thailand have some famous ladyboy celebrities and other type of celebrities. There even Politician.So my first guess that with the society not lashing out, more people dare to come out of the closet and therefore you encounter them more. Secondly, it may be difficult for them to also find partners/friends among their communities and online is certainly a bigger pool so that why a lot would go for online dating. Futhermore, you might get the chance to know them first before judging.

首先，泰國社會對于性別是很開放的。比如有男同性戀，女同性戀，變性人，人妖等。你可以在一些行業(yè)，特別是旅游行業(yè)，時尚化妝品和娛樂行業(yè)都可以看到這種新的身份。泰國有一些名人就是人妖。當(dāng)然，還有一些其他類型的名人。所以，根據(jù)我的觀察，隨著社會對這種行為的容忍度越來越高。你會遇到越來越多這種類型的人。對于他們而言，他們想要在自己的社區(qū)當(dāng)中去尋找伴侶可能是很困難的事情。所以，對于他們而言，他們會通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)去尋找伴侶。在對他們進(jìn)行批評之前，你應(yīng)該對他們有更多的了解。

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8.Nick Pendrell, Living in Pattaya since April 2012
Originally Answered: Why does Thailand have so many lady boys?
Before moving to Thailand I had assumed that the ladyboy culture here goes back generations. However, I was told that it actually only goes back to the early sixties when Thailand was a major R&R centre for American servicemen during the Vietnam War. There simply weren't enough girls to satisfy all of the servicemen's needs and so some of the men dressed up to satisfy the demand. I can understand those that work as prostitutes or in the shows, but you also see a lot working in ordinary jobs - as waiters/waitresses or behind the counter at 7-Eleven. This I really don't understand at all.

在搬到泰國之前，我以為泰國的人妖文化可以追溯到幾代人以前。然而，有些人告訴我，其實并沒有那么久遠(yuǎn)，這件事情可以追溯到60年代早期。在上個世紀(jì)60年代，泰國是美軍主要的后勤中心。因為當(dāng)時沒有足夠的女孩來滿足美國軍人的需求。所以一些男人開始打扮起來，他們開始進(jìn)入這個市場。如果一個人是妓女，或者是從事表演行業(yè)，我認(rèn)為他們進(jìn)行變性并不讓人覺得奇怪。但是，泰國有一點不同，有些人在從事著很普通的工作，比如服務(wù)生或者7-11的服務(wù)員，他們也是人妖，這一點讓我感覺很不理解。

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9.Bob Heywood, Many months each year SE Asia,Thailand,Cambodia, Myanmar etc
Originally Answered: Why are there so many lady boys in Thailand?
Thai men and women are not so obviously different genders, which is why it can be difficult to spot a Katoey. The men are as already said are slender and more feminine compared to Western men who tend to very masculine looking and usually are obvious transgenders/ transvestites. The transgenders (ladyboys) who have had implants are ususlly easy to spot as they often have exaggerated movements that they think makes them more female like. The issue of acceptance is more complex. On the face of it, it appears Thai society is open minded. In reality the law does not accept them, unlike a number of countries in Europe. In Thailand, if you are born a man or woman, you will always be that gender by law, including being conscxted into the forces. There are some stunning female models and media stars that really are beautiful to look at and have had the full operation but still are legally male. Regarding Thais themselves, the affluent Thais simply ignore ladyboys, the rest kind of accept them, so long as it doesn't impenge on them personally. The biggest problem ladyboys face is when they get older - a discussion for another time!

泰國的男性和女性之間差異沒有那么明顯。和西方男人相比，泰國的男人更苗條，更有女人味兒。西方的男人往往看起來更加陽剛。在泰國，那些做過性別手術(shù)的人通常很容易被發(fā)現(xiàn)。因為他們經(jīng)常會做出一些很夸張的動作。他們希望通過這些動作來讓他們顯得更有女人味。有關(guān)于社會接受度，這是一個更復(fù)雜的問題。，從表面上來看，泰國社會似乎很開放。事實上，泰國法律并不接受他們。在泰國，根據(jù)法律，如果你生下來就是男人或女人，那么你的性別永遠(yuǎn)都不會改變，包括被征召入伍。泰國有一些模特和明星真的很漂亮，他們都做過性別手術(shù)。但是從法律上來看，他們依然是男性。至于泰國人自己，那些富裕的泰國人完全不會理會人妖。另外一些人對于人妖的接受度則相對較高。只要不影響他們的生活，他們不會在意。人妖的最大問題是當(dāng)他們年齡變大之后——算了吧，這個問題以后再談。

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10.Line Thamawat, lived in Thailand
I'm sure it's more complex but there are two reasons, which spring to mind.Thailand is mainly Buddhist and as such most people believe in reincarnation. You will be reborn many times before you reach nirvana, sometimes you will be reborn in the wrong body, it happens, mai bpen rai.The wealth is not evenly distributed in Thailand. Being a ladyboy who works in the industry can be extremely lucrative. This is why parents and grandparents will accept it early, even before the kids becomes a teenager, if it means down the line, the person can send home a lot of money for the family.

在泰國，財富的分配方式并不平等。對于一個人妖而言，從事表演行業(yè)是非常有利。這就是為什么他們的父母和祖父母在他們很小的時候就接受他們變性。甚至，有些人在成年之后進(jìn)行變性都可以被家庭接受。當(dāng)然，這有一個前提，那就是這個孩子要給家里面寄很多錢。

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11.Terry Bouris, Travel Agent
Originally Answered: Why does Thailand have so many lady boys?
I agree that, to the eye, there appears to be a higher number of Transgenders per capita in Thailand than there is in other parts of the world.
Is this perception correct?
Some facts to consider;
1. As one previous commentator states, the prence of Lady Boys in tourist areas is far greater than in rural and traditional Thai areas.
2. The deliberately extreme and flamboyant actions of Thai Lady Boys, a marketing strategy to improve their income, combined with the public nature of their trade, make them standout from the crowd.
This is their obxtive and they usually succeed.
3. Opposingly, the majority of Transgenders in Western countries go out of their way to be inconspicuous and out of the publics scrutinizing eye.
Perhaps the number per capita is higher than in other countries, perhaps it is not.
Certainly, any opinion or decision made based on a 1 week holiday in Patong or Pattaya will need to be reassed.

我同意，從變性比率來看，泰國人妖確實要高于世界上其他地區(qū)。但是，這種看法真的正確嗎？我覺得有一些事實需要被認(rèn)真考慮。正如之前一位評論員所說的那樣，在旅游區(qū)，人妖的比率遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)高于在農(nóng)村地區(qū)。另外一點，泰國人妖刻意女性化的一些行為，事實上是一種提高個人收入的營銷策略。他們的行業(yè)本身就是一個非常公開的行業(yè)。這使得他們很容易脫穎而出。這是他們的目標(biāo)，他們通常也會成功。
與之相反，大多數(shù)西方國家的變性人都盡量讓自己不要引起公眾的關(guān)注。在其他國家，人妖的比率可能比泰國更高，也有可能更低。如果你僅僅是在芭提雅看到這個比率，然后推廣到泰國，那么這種做法顯然是不合適的。

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12.Anonymous
Originally Answered: Why does Thailand have so many lady boys?
In addition to the things mentioned in the other answers, I've seen speculations about dietary influences on sex hormone balance. Thai chicken is supposedly heavily treated with growth hormones, which mimic as estrogen in the human body. Soy beans have the same effect when eaten in large quantities. These effects could skew the sexual development of boys toward androgyny, thus explaining a higher rate of feminine gays.In similar environments with less acceptance of gay culture, this skewing would be hidden.

我想補充一下有關(guān)于泰國飲食的影響。我看到了一些關(guān)于飲食對性激素平衡影響的報道。據(jù)推測，泰國雞肉當(dāng)中含有大量的生長激素。這種激素與人體當(dāng)中的雌性激素類似。大量食用大豆也有同樣的效果。這些影響可能會導(dǎo)致男孩的發(fā)育也會向雙性戀的方向發(fā)展，這可以解釋泰國女同性戀比例較高的原因。在同性戀相對不那么寬容的環(huán)境里面，這種傾向會被隱藏起來。

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13.Nasa Saze, I am a Thai citizen
Originally Answered: Why are there so many lady boys in Thailand?
It is easy to be accepted as ladyboys in Thailand. Some ladyboys open themselves at the young age and their parents don’t force them to hide. It is normal to have a ladyboy as a friend, coworker, or family member in Thailand.Buddhism as the main religion also plays a part in this acceptance. People won’t feel they have any conflict with their faith in Buddhism to accept ladyboys. Buddhist monks also accept the invitation to the same sex marriage in Thailand which is showing they’re supporting the marriage. I think Thailand doesn’t have more gay population than any other countries, but many ladyboys are working in tourist industry and that’s why sometime tourists see a lot of them when they travel to Thailand.

在泰國，人妖是很容易被接受的。有些人在很小的時候就向家里承認(rèn)了自己的性取向。他們的父母也不會強迫他們。在泰國，如果你有朋友，同事或者家人是人妖的話，這是很正常的事情。佛教是泰國主要的宗教，佛教對于人妖的認(rèn)可對人妖文化推廣起了一定的作用。人們不會覺得接受人妖與他們的信仰之間有沖突。在泰國，僧侶們也會接受同性戀結(jié)婚的邀請。我認(rèn)為泰國的同性戀人口并不比其他國家更多。但是，因為很多人要主要集中在旅游行業(yè)。所以當(dāng)很多游客去泰國的時候，他們比較容易見到人妖。