902 words

---- Wikipedia

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12 Angry Men

?is a 1957 American courtroom drama film

?directed by Sidney Lumet,

?adapted from a 1954 teleplay of the same name by Reginald Rose.

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The film

?tells the story of a jury of 12 men as they

?deliberate the conviction or acquittal of an 18-year old defendant on the basis of reasonable doubt,

?forcing the jurors to question their morals and values.

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It

?stars Henry Fonda (who also

?produced the film with Reginald Rose), Lee J. Cobb, Ed Begley, E. G. Marshall, and Jack Warden.

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12 Angry Men

?explores many techniques of consensus-building and the difficulties

?encountered in the process among this group of men whose range of personalities

?adds to the intensity and conflict.

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It also

?explores the power one person has

?to elicit change.

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The jury members

?are identified only by number; no names

?are revealed until an exchange of dialogue at the very end.

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The film

?forces the characters and audience

?to evaluate their own self-image through

?observing the personality, experiences, and actions of the jurors.

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The film

?is also notable for its almost exclusive use of one set, where all but three minutes of the film

?takes place.

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The film

?was selected as the second-best courtroom drama ever (after 1962's To Kill a Mockingbird) by the American Film Institute for their AFI's 10 Top 10 list.

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It

?is regarded by many as one of the greatest films ever

?made.

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In 2007, the film

?was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as

?being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".

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---- www.house.gov

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To ensure a separation of powers, the U.S. Federal government

?is made up of three branches: legislative, executive and judicial.

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To ensure the government

?is effective and citizens' rights

?are protected, each branch

?has its own powers and responsibilities,

?including working with the other branches.

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https://www.house.gov/the-house-explained/branches-of-government

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Legislative:

The legislative branch

?is made up of the House and Senate,

?known collectively as the Congress.

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Among other powers, the legislative branch

?makes all laws, declares war,

?regulates interstate and foreign commerce and

?controls taxing and spending policies.

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The following

?are legislative branch organizations:

Architect of the Capitol (AOC)

Center for Legislative Archives, National Archives and Records Administration

Congressional Budget Office (CBO)

government Accountability Office (GAO)

government Printing Office (GPO)

Library of Congress (LOC)

Office of Compliance

U.S. Senate

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Executive:

The executive

?branch consists of the President, his or her advisors and various departments and agencies.

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This branch

?is responsible for enforcing the laws of the land.

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The following

?are executive branch organizations and agencies:

Executive Office of the President (White House)

The President's Cabinet (Federal Agencies)

Independent Federal Agencies and Commissions

USAgov

The Federal Information Center (FIC)

USA Jobs

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Judicial:

The judicial

?branch consists of the U.S. Supreme Court and the Federal Judicial Center.

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?According to the constitution, "he judicial Power of the United States,

?shall be vested in one supreme Court, and in such inferior Courts as the Congress

?may from time to time

?ordain and

?establish."

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The Federal Judicial Center

?is the education and research agency for the federal courts.

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---- sites.psu.edu

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The United States

?has a unique governmental structure.

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The United States' government

?is often defined as a constitutional democracy.

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First and foremost, this

?means that the governmental structure

?follows the guidelines of the constitution.

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Signed on September 17th, 1787, the constitution

?established an outline for an American democracy.

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The point of a democratic government

?is to represent “the people” of a country.

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The goal

?was to create a structure which

?promotes inclusive and equal practices that

?appeal to the majority while still

?protecting minorities.

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Additionally, this

?calls for a fair and balanced system: a diffusion of power.

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As

?seen in the constitution, the United States also

?has a federalist structure.

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Therefore, all the power that

?is not granted to the national government

?is granted to the states.

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And, in our system the central government

?is divided into three branches

?to spread out the power: the executive, the legislature and the judicial branches.

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The founders, who

?created the constitution, men such as Hamilton, Madison, Jay, and Smith,

?divided the powers within the national government

?to ensure the United States

?wouldn't end up with a government similar to that of England; a government which the founders

?believed

?doesn't listen to the views of the majority and overextends its reach of power.

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As a result, a main concern of the founders

?was the possibility of one of the three governmental branches

?holding all of the power in the national government.

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https://sites.psu.edu/politicsaroundus/2017/02/16/what-is-happening-to-the-division-of-powers-in-the-us/

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----Wikipedia

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Separation of powers

?refers to the division of a state's government into branches, each with separate, independent powers and responsibilities, so that the powers of one branch

?are not in conflict with those of the other branches.

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The typical division

?is into three branches: a legislature, an executive, and a judiciary, which

?is the trias politica model.

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It

can be contrasted with the fusion of powers in parliamentary and semi-Presidential systems, where the executive and legislative

?branches overlap.

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The intention behind a system of separated powers

?is to prevent the concentration of power by providing for checks and balances.

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The separation of powers model

?is often imprecisely and metonymically

?used interchangeably with the trias politica principle.

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While the trias politica model

?is a common type of separation, there

?are governments that

?have more or fewer than three branches.

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