TED演講者：Lam Ho / 林昊

演講標(biāo)題：How to participate in your own legal defense / 如何參與你自己的法律辯護(hù)

內(nèi)容概要：Lawyers are advocates for their clients -- and, in court, they're usually the ones who do the talking. Should that always be the case? In an effort to shift this power dynamic, TED Fellow and legal aid activist Lam Ho shares how lawyers can create space for people to tell their own stories in the courtroom, making them active participants in the legal process and producing surprisingly positive results.

律師為其客戶辯護(hù)，且，在法庭上，他們通常是負(fù)責(zé)說(shuō)話的人。應(yīng)該永遠(yuǎn)這么做嗎？TED學(xué)會(huì)會(huì)員及法律援助活動(dòng)家林昊（音譯）努力想要轉(zhuǎn)變這種權(quán)力動(dòng)態(tài)，他在這場(chǎng)演說(shuō)中會(huì)分享律師如何能創(chuàng)造空間，讓客戶能在法庭上訴說(shuō)他們自己的故事，讓他們主動(dòng)參與訴訟程序，并產(chǎn)生出乎意料的正面結(jié)果。

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【1】I'm a lawyer based in Chicago, and two months ago I represented a Vietnamese immigrant woman in her divorce.

我在芝加哥當(dāng)律師, 兩個(gè)月前,我代表了一位越南移民女子 處理她的離婚。

【2】As she was testifying about how her husband brutally raped her, the judge repeatedly told her to stop speaking.

當(dāng)她作證她的先生 如何殘酷地強(qiáng)暴她時(shí), 法官重復(fù)要求她停止發(fā)言。

【3】She should only speak when I asked her a question.

她應(yīng)該只能在我問(wèn)她 問(wèn)題時(shí)才能發(fā)言。

【4】Can you imagine having to publicly share one of the most painful, traumatic moments in your life and being told over and over again to basically shut up?

各位能否想像,必須要公開分享 你人生中最創(chuàng)傷性的時(shí)刻之一, 卻不斷被告知, 基本上就是要你閉嘴？

【5】It felt so wrong, but also so familiar for me.

這感覺(jué)實(shí)在太不對(duì)了,

【6】My mother, she had no say in her divorce.

我的母親, 她在她的離婚中沒(méi)有發(fā)言權(quán)。

【7】She didn't have a lawyer, so she signed papers giving away everything because she thought she would otherwise be deported back to Vietnam.

她沒(méi)有律師, 所以她簽署文件, 因?yàn)樗詾?若不這么做 她就會(huì)被驅(qū)逐回越南。

【8】I thought by becoming a lawyer, I could help people like my mother.

我以為若我成為律師, 我就能協(xié)助像我母親這樣的人。

【9】But then I realized I was actually part of the problem.

但我接著發(fā)現(xiàn),我其實(shí) 就是問(wèn)題的一部分。

【10】As lawyers, we take over speaking for our clients.

身為律師,

【11】And courtroom procedures, rules of evidence means that we have all the power in what happens in their cases.

而法庭程序 , 證據(jù)規(guī)則,意味著我們?nèi)珯?quán)掌控 他們的案子會(huì)如何發(fā)展。

【12】We take terrible situations from people's lives and we translate it into legal language.

我們把客戶人生中十分糟糕的情況 翻譯成法律語(yǔ)言。

【13】But, in doing so, we rewrite our clients as caricatures.

但,這么做, 我們是把我們的客戶 改寫為諷刺漫畫,

【14】The most helpless, most victimized versions of themselves.

成了他們自己最無(wú)助、 最受害的版本。

【15】This is the American legal system.

這就是美國(guó)的法律體系。

【16】And that's why, eight years ago, I founded Beyond Legal Aid in the belief that it doesn't have to be this way, and lawyers can actually change it, working within, making it so that clients can speak for themselves.

那就是為什么,八年前, 我成立了「超越法律援助」, 因?yàn)槲蚁嘈挪槐匾绱? 律師其實(shí)可以改變 這個(gè)現(xiàn)象,從內(nèi)做起, 讓客戶可以為自己發(fā)言。

【17】How does this work?

這怎么運(yùn)作？

【18】First, instead of working nine to five in offices downtown, we travel, go to our clients where they live.

第一,不再在鬧區(qū)的辦公室 從九點(diǎn)工作到五點(diǎn), 我們改成自己前往客戶生活的地方。

【19】And during evenings, nights and weekends when they are available.

時(shí)間是傍晚、 晚上,和周末,他們有空的時(shí)候。

【20】And they can be active participants in the legal process.

他們可以主動(dòng)參與訴訟程序。

【21】Next, let me share a little secret.

接著,讓我分享一個(gè)小秘密。

【22】Well, at least for the non-lawyers.

至少對(duì)不是律師的人來(lái)說(shuō)是秘密。

【23】Attorneys like to be in charge.

律師喜歡主導(dǎo)。

【24】We go to law school, we hang up fancy law degrees, and we wear fancy suits - obviously much fancier than what I'm wearing - because we want to be in control.

我們?nèi)プx法學(xué)院, 把很炫的法律學(xué)位證書掛起來(lái), 顯然比我現(xiàn)在穿的還要更炫 因?yàn)槲覀兿胍瓶亍?/p>

【25】But it's our clients whose lives are being judged and impacted by what I do.

但,被審的是我們的客戶的人生, 我的所做所為會(huì)影響他們。

【26】They need to be full partners in charge of their own cases.

他們必須成為正式合作伙伴,

【27】We can give advice, empower them to navigate the legal system.

我們可以給建議, 讓他們有能力 在法律體系中找到方向。

【28】But ultimately, we need to follow their lead and defer to their decisions.

但,最終, 我們需要遵從他們的領(lǐng)導(dǎo),

【29】Let me give you an example.

讓我舉個(gè)例子。

【30】One of our clients, let's call him Atticus, he was facing deportation in a case where the law was completely against us.

我們有位客戶,咱們稱他為艾提克斯, 他面臨會(huì)被驅(qū)逐的處境,在他的案子中,法律完全 不站在我們這一邊。

【31】Atticus had been in ICE detention for several months because the immigration judge denied him bond.

艾提克斯被移民及海關(guān) 執(zhí)法局拘留了數(shù)個(gè)月, 因?yàn)橐泼穹ü俨蛔屗帽ａ尳鸨ａ尅?/p>

【32】So he and OCAD, the Organized Communities Against Deportation, the community group we were working with on his case, wanted to try for bond a second time.

所以,他和 OCAD （反驅(qū)逐組織社區(qū)）, 我們?cè)谒陌缸又?找的社區(qū)團(tuán)體伙伴, 想要二度嘗試爭(zhēng)取保釋。

【33】I and the other lawyers were like, "No, no, no, no, no, no, no.

我和其他律師的反應(yīng)是: 「不,不,不,不,不,不。

【34】You can't do that.

你不能那樣做。

【35】The law is bad, the judge has already said no once, and we don't want to piss him off by questioning his decision."

法律很不好,法官已經(jīng)拒絕過(guò)一次, 我們不想惹惱他,

【36】But they wanted to proceed, so we deferred to their decision.

但他們想要繼續(xù)做下去,所以我們聽(tīng)從了他們的決定。

【37】However, instead of my sharing his situation on his behalf, we convinced the judge to hear a live conversation between Atticus and his US citizen son, let's call him Jem.

然而,不是由我來(lái)代表他分享他的情況, 我們說(shuō)服法官,聽(tīng)一段現(xiàn)場(chǎng)對(duì)談, 艾提克斯和他的美國(guó)公民 兒子所做的對(duì)談, 咱們稱他為詹姆。

【38】Jem spoke about how he wanted to commit suicide because he couldn't live without his father anymore.

詹姆說(shuō)到他有多想自殺, 因?yàn)闆](méi)有他的父親他就活不下去了。

【39】Atticus broke down, sobbing in despair because he felt responsible for what was happening with his son and yet couldn't be there for him.

艾提克斯崩潰了, 絕望地啜泣, 因?yàn)樗X(jué)得他要為 他兒子的處境負(fù)責(zé), 卻無(wú)法陪在他兒子身邊。

【40】The judge was forced to hear directly how Atticus and Jem loved each other and how much they needed each other.

法官被迫直接聆聽(tīng) 艾提克斯和詹姆有多愛(ài)彼此,

【41】He heard it unadulterated, in full, without any questions, without any interruptions by any lawyers.

他完整地聽(tīng)完了全部,沒(méi)有任何問(wèn)題, 沒(méi)有任何律師打斷。

【42】Unfortunately, he denied bond a second time.

不幸的是,他再次駁回了保釋。

【43】But - and of course there's a "but," right, otherwise, I wouldn't be telling you this story.

但是 當(dāng)然還有「但是」, 不然 我就不用說(shuō)這個(gè)故事了。

【44】The judge then cancelled Atticus's deportation.

法官接著取消了艾提克斯的驅(qū)逐令。

【45】I cannot tell you how utterly, absolutely shocking that legal victory was.

我無(wú)法告訴各位,這場(chǎng)法律勝仗 是多大的震撼。

【46】I was like, "Oh my God, I can't believe this happened."

我的反應(yīng)是:「天, 我不敢相信這真的發(fā)生了?！?/p>

【47】And ...

且……

【48】I'm going to say something now, which lawyers don't say very often but probably should say a lot more often.

我接下來(lái)要說(shuō)的,是律師不常說(shuō)的, 但應(yīng)該要更常說(shuō)。

【49】I was wrong.

我錯(cuò)了。

【50】My client and his community, they knew better.

我的客戶和他的社區(qū),他們更懂。

【51】If we had not followed their lead and tried for bond a second time, the judge would have never heard Atticus tell his own story and be so moved by what was going on that he defied the law to allow Atticus to stay in the country with his son.

如果我們沒(méi)有遵循他們的領(lǐng)導(dǎo), 法官就永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)聽(tīng)到 艾提克斯訴說(shuō)他自己的故事, 被發(fā)生的狀況給深深打動(dòng), 讓他違抗法律, 允許艾提克斯待在美國(guó)陪他的兒子。

【52】Atticus being able to tell his own story, created a decision that was impossible, at least what we thought as attorneys.

艾提克斯因?yàn)槟軌蛟V說(shuō) 他自己的故事, 因而創(chuàng)造出了不可能的決定, 至少是我們律師認(rèn)為不可能的。

【53】Atticus sharing and talking his own case created justice where the law was wrong.

艾提克斯分享和談?wù)撍约旱陌缸?在法律犯錯(cuò)的地方,創(chuàng)造了正義。

【54】And that's why the legal system has to change, so that people like Atticus can share their own stories, have agency over their own cases.

這就是為什么法律體系需要改變, 讓像艾提克斯這樣的人 能夠分享他們自己的故事, 能代理自己的案子。

【55】In the meantime, we as lawyers need to make it happen in our work, in our cases right now.

同時(shí),我們律師必須要在我們的工作、 我們的案件中實(shí)現(xiàn)它, 現(xiàn)在就開始。

【56】Thank you.

謝謝。