Special conventions to express time

表達(dá)時(shí)間的特殊用法

The?-n?ending refers to a specific occasion, while the?-e?ending usually describes a?recurring?event.?

-n指的是特定的時(shí)間段，而-e通常表示的是定期發(fā)生的事情

However, not all Esperanto speakers make this distinction. Some people use the?-e?ending both for specific and recurring events, so?diman?e?may mean "on (a specific) Sunday" as well "on Sundays".

然而，并不是所有的世界語者都把它們區(qū)分使用。一些人會使用詞尾-e來表示特定時(shí)間和定期發(fā)生的事件。所以diman?e 既有“在周日”也有“在每個(gè)周日”的意思。

• Mi alvenos sabaton.?
  I will arrive (on) Saturday.

  我會在周日到達(dá)

• Ni venos la dek-kvinan de oktobro.?
  We will come (on) the 15th of October.

  我們將會在10月15日來

• La renkonti?o okazas sabate.?
  The meeting happens on Saturdays / every Saturday.?

  會議將在這個(gè)周六/每周六舉行

• La renkonti?o okazos sabate.?
  The meeting will take place on Saturdays.
  The meeting will take place on Saturday (this Saturday).

  會議將會在周六舉行

  會議將會在周六舉行（本周六）

The?-n?ending is also used to express?duration:

詞尾-n也可以用來表達(dá)期間/持續(xù)的一段時(shí)間：

• Mi restis unu horon (dum unu horo).
  I stayed for one hour.

  我在這里待了一個(gè)小時(shí)

• Li voja?os la tutan tagon (dum la tuta tago).?
  He will travel all day (the whole day).

  他將會旅行一整天

Spelling Conventions for Months and Days of the Week

月和星期的拼寫規(guī)定

Upper Case or Lower Case??

大寫還是小寫？
Months can either start with a lower case or capital letter:?januaro, februaro;?Januaro, Februaro. In this course, we have chosen to present the lowercase form.
Days of the week are always in lower case:?lundo, mardo.

月份的首字母大小寫皆可：januaro, februaro;?Januaro, Februaro.?

在本課中，我們選用的是小寫形式。

關(guān)于星期的單詞，通常用小寫：lundo，mardo.

The 24-hour clock

24小時(shí)制

In many countries, a 24-hour clock is often used. In that system, all times after 12 noon are formed by adding 12 to the clock time, so "am" and "pm" are not needed:

很多國家都采用24小時(shí)制，在24小時(shí)制中，過了中午12點(diǎn)之后的時(shí)間皆為12點(diǎn)加上時(shí)針?biāo)傅臄?shù)字的和來表示。所以用不上“am”和“pm”。

How to write longer ordinal numbers

如何書寫較長的序數(shù)詞？

For multi-word ordinal numbers, use hyphens between all the words in the number:?ducent-okdek-sepa. We do this because the adjective ending?-a relates to the entire number (287), not just to the 7 at the end.

對于對單詞的序數(shù)詞，我們會在各個(gè)單詞之間使用連字符：ducent-okdek-sepa，我們之所以這么做，是因?yàn)樾稳菰~的詞尾-a是和287這個(gè)數(shù)字有關(guān)，而不是“7”這個(gè)數(shù)字。

La du-mil-okdek-kvara tago
The two thousand eighty-fourth day

第2084天

It is also possible to write this as a single word?la dumilokdekkvara tago，but the hyphens make it easier to read.

也可以把這個(gè)詞寫成dumilokdekkvara tago，但加了連字符會更容易去閱讀。

Komenci, komenci?i: what is the difference?

Komenci, komenci?i:有何不同？

Komenci?means to start or begin something, and takes a direct object with an?-n?ending:

Komenci 意為開始做某事，后面要加上直接賓語：

Mi komencas la man?on.

I am starting/beginning the meal.

我開始吃了

Komenci?i?includes the?-i??affix and means to begin or start on its own. It does not take a direct object:

Komenci?i里面含有后綴-i?，意為“自己開始了”。它后面并不用跟直接賓語：

La man?o komenci?as.

The meal is starting/beginning.

用餐開始了

A more detailed explanation can be found in the notes for the module?Verbs Present. You will learn more about the?-i??affix in a module dedicated to both the?-i??and the?-ig?affix.

詳細(xì)的說明你可以在動詞現(xiàn)在時(shí)篇里面找到。而關(guān)于-ig和-i?的解釋，你將會在-ig/-i?篇中看到。

原文：www.duolingo.cn/skill/eo/Dates/tips-and-notes

翻譯：vanilo