能今天做好的事就不要等到明天。以夢(mèng)為馬，學(xué)習(xí)趁年華。

01 學(xué)習(xí)步驟

Step1：首先對(duì)每一篇文章進(jìn)行泛讀。
????????此時(shí)遇到不認(rèn)識(shí)的單詞，如果不影響閱讀可以先不去查單詞，這一步的目的是大致弄懂文章主旨大意。（該方法可以遷移到四六級(jí)、考研英語閱讀中去）

Step2：然后對(duì)文章進(jìn)行逐段精讀。
????????提煉每段中心句，用英文總結(jié)每段的中心思想。

Step3：接著對(duì)文章劃分篇章結(jié)構(gòu)。
????????可以通過這一步學(xué)習(xí)人家是如何引出話題、開展論述、總結(jié)全文的。（學(xué)會(huì)這一步后，可以將經(jīng)驗(yàn)應(yīng)用到英語作文的寫作上）

Step4：緊接著分析文章中的長(zhǎng)難句以及重要詞匯。
????????將我們?cè)趯W(xué)習(xí)過程中碰到的長(zhǎng)難句提主干，拆分為簡(jiǎn)單句；對(duì)于重要詞匯，學(xué)習(xí)固定搭配以及同義替換詞；嘗試對(duì)句子、段落進(jìn)行翻譯。（學(xué)會(huì)這一步后，可以將經(jīng)驗(yàn)應(yīng)用到考研英語的翻譯上）

Step5：最后也是最重要的就是及時(shí)復(fù)習(xí)。

????????在學(xué)完一篇經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人文章，做好長(zhǎng)難句分析，詞匯搭配辨析后，及時(shí)對(duì)筆記內(nèi)容進(jìn)行復(fù)習(xí)。堅(jiān)持培養(yǎng)這一學(xué)習(xí)習(xí)慣，一定可以很快提高小伙伴的英語學(xué)習(xí)能力。

02 視頻引入

03 中英對(duì)照

導(dǎo)語：Evidence is mounting that long covid is a real threat to global health

大量證據(jù)顯示新冠肺炎長(zhǎng)期癥狀對(duì)全球健康構(gòu)成現(xiàn)實(shí)威脅

Paragraph 1：As the world enters the second year of the pandemic, two crises are unfolding. The more urgent and visible one is in poor countries like India, where a surge of covid-19 cases is threatening to overwhelm the state. India is recording more than 350,000 cases a day, and many more than that are thought to be going undetected. The suffering is grievous. Oxygen supplies at Indian hospitals are running far short of what is needed, and crematoriums are overwhelmed.

隨著世界進(jìn)入該流行病的第二年，兩場(chǎng)危機(jī)正在展開。更緊迫和明顯的問題是在印度等貧窮國(guó)家，covid-19病例的激增正威脅著整個(gè)國(guó)家。印度每天記錄的病例超過35萬例，據(jù)信還有更多病例尚未被發(fā)現(xiàn)。這種遭遇是令人痛苦的。印度醫(yī)院的氧氣供應(yīng)遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不足，火葬場(chǎng)也人滿為患。

Paragraph 2：The other crisis is more subtle. This is long covid, which is becoming apparent in rich countries like America, Britain and Israel that have largely vaccinated their way out of the pandemic, but which will affect poor ones, too. Post-covid syndrome, to give it its formal name, is a set of symptoms affecting any part of the body that persist for at least three months after a bout of covid-19. Three stand out: breathlessness, fatigue and “brain fog”. In Britain three in every five people with long covid say their usual activities are somewhat limited, and one in five says they are limited “a lot”—which often means being unable to do even a part-time, desk-based job.

另一場(chǎng)危機(jī)更為微妙。 這是一種長(zhǎng)期的冠狀病毒，在美國(guó)、英國(guó)和以色列等富裕國(guó)家，這一點(diǎn)越來越明顯，這些國(guó)家基本上通過接種疫苗來擺脫這種流行病，但也會(huì)影響到貧窮國(guó)家。covid-19正式名稱為后冠狀病毒綜合征，是在covid-19爆發(fā)后至少持續(xù)三個(gè)月的一系列影響身體任何部位的癥狀。其中三個(gè)突出:呼吸困難、疲勞和“腦霧”。 在英國(guó)，每五名長(zhǎng)冠狀病毒感染者中就有三名表示，他們的日常活動(dòng)稍微受到限制，五分之一的人表示，他們的活動(dòng)“非常有限”——這通常意味著他們甚至無法從事兼職的辦公室工作。

Paragraph 3：The numbers are chilling. Half a million people in Britain have had long covid for more than six months. Their chances of full recovery are probably slim. The vast majority are in their working-age prime. At the last count (which does not fully take in the country’s second wave) 1.1% of Britain’s population had had long covid for at least three months—a group that includes 1.5% of those of working age. About 15% of Britain’s population had been infected by then. Applying this rate to global covid-19 cases, numbering an estimated 1.2bn so far, suggests that more than 80m people may already have long covid.

這些數(shù)字令人不寒而栗。在英國(guó)，50萬人已經(jīng)有超過6個(gè)月的長(zhǎng)時(shí)間冠狀病毒感染。他們完全恢復(fù)的機(jī)會(huì)可能很小。其中絕大多數(shù)人正處于最佳工作年齡。 根據(jù)最近的統(tǒng)計(jì)(這還不完全包括這個(gè)國(guó)家的第二波)，1.1%的英國(guó)人已經(jīng)有至少三個(gè)月的長(zhǎng)時(shí)間感染了冠狀病毒，這個(gè)群體包括1.5%的工作年齡人群。那時(shí)大約15%的英國(guó)人已經(jīng)被感染。將這一比率應(yīng)用于全球covid-19病例(迄今估計(jì)有12億)，表明超過8000萬人可能已經(jīng)長(zhǎng)期患有covid-19。

Paragraph 4：The costs of the condition have yet to be tallied, but they will be huge. Britain’s National Institute for Health Research found that, in 80% of sufferers, the illness affected the ability to work. Over a third said it had weighed on their finances.

這種狀況的代價(jià)還沒有計(jì)算出來，但將是巨大的。英國(guó)國(guó)家健康研究所發(fā)現(xiàn)，在80%的患者中，疾病影響了工作能力。 超過三分之一的人表示，這給他們的財(cái)務(wù)帶來了壓力。

Paragraph 5：As yet, long covid has no cure. What scientists know so far about the disease points to it being a combination of a persistent viral infection (for which a drug may be found at some point), a chronic autoimmune disorder (which would need expensive, complex care like that for rheumatoid arthritis or multiple sclerosis) and lingering damage to some tissues caused by the original covid-19 infection. Medicines for the first two of these causes may ultimately be found. America alone has put $1.15bn into research. At the moment, though, sufferers need months of rehabilitation to help them cope.

到目前為止，長(zhǎng)冠狀病毒還沒有治愈方法。到目前為止，科學(xué)家們對(duì)這種疾病的了解表明，它是一種結(jié)合了持續(xù)性病毒感染(在某種程度上可能會(huì)找到治療這種疾病的藥物)、慢性自身免疫疾病(需要昂貴的、如風(fēng)濕性關(guān)節(jié)炎或多發(fā)性硬化癥等復(fù)雜護(hù)理)以及最初感染COVID-19導(dǎo)致的一些組織的長(zhǎng)期損傷。最終可能會(huì)找到治療前兩種原因的藥物。僅美國(guó)就投入了11.5億美元用于研究。然而，目前患者需要數(shù)月的康復(fù)來幫助他們應(yīng)對(duì)。

Paragraph 6：Health-care systems and employers must prepare to assist long-covid sufferers, including those who have no proof of past infection because they were not able to be tested. Prompt rehabilitative care can prevent a downward spiral in personal health and finances. Dedicated long-covid clinics will speed things up. As things now stand, patients often bounce from one specialist to another in search of a diagnosis.

衛(wèi)生保健系統(tǒng)和雇主必須準(zhǔn)備幫助長(zhǎng)期冠狀病毒感染者，包括那些因?yàn)闊o法檢測(cè)而沒有過去感染證明的人。及時(shí)的康復(fù)護(hù)理可以防止個(gè)人健康和財(cái)務(wù)狀況的惡化。專門的長(zhǎng)期冠狀病毒診所將加快這一進(jìn)程。就目前的情況而言，患者經(jīng)常從一個(gè)專家轉(zhuǎn)到另一個(gè)專家以尋求診斷。

Paragraph 7：Employers, for their part, must rethink how to accommodate workers with a disability that flares up in unpredictable bouts. Governments can help, with incentives that encourage sufferers to stay in work and employers to cater to their condition. If Governments miss the boat, millions of young and mid-career workers could permanently drop out of the labour force. One approach could draw on a scheme for disability benefits that is used in the Netherlands. Dutch employers and employees who are too unwell to work as normal are required to come up jointly with a plan on how the sick employee can return to work under new conditions. Remote working and flexible schedules would make it easier for long-covid sufferers to work at least part-time. Many of them will improve, though even that can take months.

對(duì)于雇主而言，必須重新考慮如何照顧那些在不可預(yù)知的發(fā)作中突然出現(xiàn)的殘疾工人。政府可以提供幫助，通過激勵(lì)措施鼓勵(lì)患者繼續(xù)工作，并鼓勵(lì)雇主滿足他們的條件。如果政府錯(cuò)失良機(jī)，數(shù)百萬年輕和職業(yè)生涯中期的工人可能永遠(yuǎn)退出勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)。一種辦法可以借鑒荷蘭使用的殘疾福利計(jì)劃。 荷蘭的雇主和因身體原因無法正常工作的雇員被要求共同制定一個(gè)計(jì)劃，讓生病的雇員在新的條件下重返工作崗位。遠(yuǎn)程工作和靈活的時(shí)間安排將使長(zhǎng)期冠狀病毒感染者更容易至少兼職工作。他們中的許多人會(huì)得到改善，盡管這可能需要幾個(gè)月的時(shí)間。

Paragraph 8：Lots of mistakes were made in the pandemic’s acute phase. But that came out of the blue. There is no excuse for failing to respond to long covid. And there is no time to waste.

在大流行的急性階段犯了很多錯(cuò)誤。但這來得太突然了。沒有任何借口不應(yīng)對(duì)長(zhǎng)期冠狀病毒感染。沒有時(shí)間可以浪費(fèi)了。

04 重點(diǎn)詞匯解析

overwhelm 動(dòng)詞，表示 charge someone with too many tasks「(感情或感覺)充溢，難以禁受；壓倒」

Doctors yesterday delivered an overwhelming vote of no confidence in controversial health service shake-ups.

stand out 是個(gè)固定短語，表示 to be much better than other similar people or things「出色、突出」

They took no notice of him, he did not stand out, he was in no way remarkable.

fatigue 動(dòng)詞/名詞，表示boredom resulting from overexposure to something「疲勞、使勞累」

Driver fatigue was to blame for the accident.

chilling 形容詞，表示 provoking fear terror「令人恐懼的，令人害怕的」

One case involves a chilling video that was recently released online.

take in 是個(gè)固定短語，表示 make (clothes) smaller「將衣服改小」/ take up mentally「精神上接受」

Humans take in oxygen and breathe out carbon dioxide.

chronic 形容詞，表示 being long-lasting and recurrent or characterized by long suffering「長(zhǎng)期的；慢性的」

They think his illness is acute rather than chronic.

rehabilitation 名詞，表示 the conversion of wasteland into land suitable for use of habitation or cultivation/ the restoration of someone to a useful place in society「恢復(fù)」

Problems and suggestion for development ofeducation in rehabilitation medicine.

dedicated 形容詞，表示 Complete the specific work mission or realize has the dedicated application.「專門的」

Must be running on dedicated hardware.

bounce 動(dòng)詞，表示 the quality of a substance that is able to rebound「彈起，彈跳；反射」

Bounce the ball and try and hit it over the net.

accommodate 動(dòng)詞，表示 provide a service or favor for someone「為(某人)提供住宿(或膳宿、座位等)」

A new office block was built to accommodate the overflow of staff.

flares up 是個(gè)固定短語，表示「突然出現(xiàn)；燃燒」

She flares up at the least thing.

cater to 是個(gè)固定短語，表示「投合；滿足……的需要」

They only publish novels which cater to the mass-market.

miss the boat 是個(gè)固定短語，表示「坐失良機(jī)；錯(cuò)失機(jī)會(huì)」

We shall have to make up our minds very soon, or we'll miss the boat.

flexible 形容詞，表示 bending and snapping back readily without breaking「靈活的；可變動(dòng)的」

Working from home offers the ultimate in flexible life styles.

out of the blue 是個(gè)固定短語，表示 in a way that was not expected「突然;出乎意料地」

The decision came out of the blue.

excuse 名詞/動(dòng)詞，表示 a defense of some offensive behavior or some failure to keep a promise etc.「借口；找借口」

Late again! What's your excuse this time?

?

05 長(zhǎng)難句精講

① The more urgent and visible one is in poor countries like India, where a surge of covid-19 cases is threatening to overwhelm the state.

這句話用 where 引導(dǎo)定語從句，從句里用 a surge of covid-19 cases 做主語，非常地道，值得學(xué)習(xí)?！坝《却_診病例瘋狂上漲，帶來嚴(yán)重威脅?！边@句話要是讓我們來說，可能會(huì)寫成：The covid-19 cases in India is surging, which severely threatens the state. 但是用 a surge of covid-19 case 做主語就會(huì)更加簡(jiǎn)潔，把一個(gè)句子的意思濃縮在一個(gè)短語中，這是外刊里經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的表達(dá)方式，我們可以學(xué)習(xí)仿寫，讓英語表達(dá)更加地道。

② Applying this rate to global covid-19 cases, numbering an estimated 1.2bn so far, suggests that more than 80m people may already have long covid.

這句話以動(dòng)名詞Applying引導(dǎo)的句子做主語，numbering修飾前一句的病例數(shù)，整個(gè)句子可以簡(jiǎn)化為cases suggests~。

在應(yīng)對(duì)長(zhǎng)難句時(shí)，一定要從句子結(jié)構(gòu)入手，先對(duì)句子進(jìn)行成分分析，對(duì)句子進(jìn)行“減枝”，這樣才能夠最簡(jiǎn)單有效且正確地對(duì)句子進(jìn)行處理。

06 小記

美國(guó)科學(xué)家或發(fā)現(xiàn)新冠肺炎最新后遺癥，比以往都要可怕得多。

近日有神經(jīng)生物學(xué)家在《新英格蘭醫(yī)學(xué)雜志》上發(fā)表了自己的研究，研究結(jié)果表明新貫病毒感染會(huì)削弱腦內(nèi)小血管障壁，增加患者腦出血和中風(fēng)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。作者納特是美國(guó)國(guó)家神經(jīng)疾病和中風(fēng)研究所的研究員，在其研究團(tuán)隊(duì)的觀察中，新冠肺炎患者可能會(huì)有腦出血和中風(fēng)后遺癥。

同期《柳葉刀》也有一篇論文和此次美研究團(tuán)隊(duì)得出的結(jié)論類似，即嚴(yán)重的新冠感染可損傷大腦，造成包括炎癥中風(fēng)以及精神病和類似老年癡呆等在內(nèi)的一系列并發(fā)癥。

目前全球疫情形勢(shì)依然嚴(yán)峻，我們?nèi)匀粦?yīng)當(dāng)時(shí)刻自覺地將自身防疫措施常態(tài)化，時(shí)刻保持防疫意識(shí)。

今天就講到這里，感謝小伙伴閱讀，不足之處還請(qǐng)大家指出！

與視頻相配套的精讀《經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人》系列持續(xù)更新中，請(qǐng)多多支持呀！