明天晚上看直播，周日更新視頻。因?yàn)橐曨l內(nèi)容有點(diǎn)多，所以把這個(gè)放出來(lái)當(dāng)個(gè)預(yù)熱了。

Wikipedia Drow

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Drow或黑暗精靈是龍與地下城游戲中的一個(gè)普遍邪惡、黑皮白發(fā)的精靈亞種。

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歷史

“drow”這個(gè)詞來(lái)自蘇格蘭的奧克尼和設(shè)得蘭方言，是“trow”的替代形式，與“troll”同源?！杜＝蛴⒄Z(yǔ)詞典》中沒(méi)有“drow”的條目，但在“trow”的引文中，有兩條將“drow”作為“trow”的替代。Trow/Drow被用來(lái)指代各種各樣的邪惡精靈。除了“黑暗精靈”的基本概念外，關(guān)于龍與地下城中的卓爾精靈的所有內(nèi)容都是由龍與地下城的合作創(chuàng)造者，加里·吉蓋克斯創(chuàng)作而成。然而，在《散文埃達(dá)》中，斯諾里·斯圖盧森寫(xiě)到了黑暗精靈：“...黑暗精靈卻生活在地面以下。...而這些黑暗精靈皮膚比瀝青還要黑。”

加里表示：“我記得Keightley的《妖精神話(huà)》中提到了Drow（也可能是《秘密聯(lián)邦》——這兩本書(shū)現(xiàn)在都不在我手邊，反正也不是那么重要），而作為天性邪惡的黑暗精靈，他們是創(chuàng)造一個(gè)特別為AD&D游戲設(shè)計(jì)的全新獨(dú)特文化的理想基礎(chǔ)。”“Drow”這個(gè)用法在加里提及的這兩本作品中都沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)。加里之后表示，他在《Funk & Wagnall’s Unexpurgated Dictionary》的列表中找到了這個(gè)詞，而且沒(méi)有其他來(lái)源。“我想要一個(gè)最不同尋常的種族作為幽暗地域中的主要?jiǎng)萘?，所以用這本字典中的’黑暗精靈’內(nèi)容來(lái)創(chuàng)造這些卓爾精靈?！彼坪鯖](méi)有以此為題的作品。但是，可以在《Funk & Wagnall’s Standard Dictionary of the English Language》的簡(jiǎn)略版，例如《The Desk Standard Dictionary of the English Language》，中找到下列內(nèi)容：“[蘇格蘭] 在民間傳說(shuō)中，某個(gè)象征著熟練金屬匠人的地下精靈種族。和TROLL相似。[TROLL的變體] trow”

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D&D Lore Wiki Drow

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創(chuàng)意來(lái)源

根據(jù)加里·吉蓋克斯的說(shuō)法，他在一本老字典中找到了“drow”這個(gè)詞，并由此創(chuàng)造出了卓爾精靈這個(gè)種族。加里指的字典可能是諸如《Funks & Wagnall’s Standard Dictionary》(1916)之類(lèi)的字典，其中對(duì)drow的定義為：

[蘇格蘭] 在民間傳說(shuō)中，某個(gè)象征著熟練金屬匠人的地下精靈種族。和TROLL相似。[TROLL的變體] trow

相反的是，這本字典將trow描述為troll的同義詞，并將troll定義為“民間傳說(shuō)中的巨人；也指調(diào)皮的矮人”?！癟row”出現(xiàn)在《Denham Tracts》(1885)的一份民間傳說(shuō)中的奇幻生物列表中，這份列表還包括了霍比特人，但這些名字只是在書(shū)中有提及而沒(méi)有詳細(xì)描述。“Drow”這個(gè)拼寫(xiě)最早出現(xiàn)在1830年，沃爾特·斯科特爵士將其定義為奧卡迪亞和設(shè)得蘭群島神話(huà)中的一種生物，與“矮人”或“妖精”同義。

“暗精靈”和“黑精靈”這兩個(gè)名字都來(lái)源于北歐神話(huà)，一些學(xué)者推測(cè)它們是dvergar和dwarves的同義詞。在散文埃達(dá)中，d?kkálfar，暗精靈被描述為生活在地下，像瀝青一樣黑的種族，而svartálfar，黑精靈被描述為制造出色魔法神器的種族。這兩個(gè)特征似乎都影響到了加里的卓爾精靈設(shè)計(jì)。

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Drow的正確發(fā)音

[1]?龍雜志第93期：Drow——讀音應(yīng)該為drow，或是dro

[2]?龍雜志第142期：Drow的韻尾和Cow押韻。

[3]?龍與地下城FAQ：DRAU（和drowsy一樣；韻尾和Now及How押韻）。

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Drow這個(gè)詞的起源

[1]?這種超自然智慧的擁有者仍然被奧卡迪島和設(shè)得蘭群島的當(dāng)?shù)厝藲w咎于被稱(chēng)為Drows的人們，他們是duergar和dwarves的變種，而且在其他大多數(shù)方面，他們可以和喀里多尼亞的妖精們相提并論。盧卡斯·雅各布森·德貝斯在1670年3月12日在托爾沙文對(duì)Feroe的描述中，用了很長(zhǎng)一章來(lái)描述那些擾亂他的教眾的幽靈，有時(shí)還會(huì)擄走他的教眾。他說(shuō)造成這些騷亂的生物是Skow或Biergen-Trold，意即森林和山脈的精魂，有時(shí)被稱(chēng)為地下居民，并補(bǔ)充道，他們出沒(méi)在深洞和可怖的巖石中；還有，他們?cè)诎l(fā)生過(guò)謀殺或其他致命罪行的地方出沒(méi)。他們似乎是真正的北方矮人，或Trows，Trollds的另一種表達(dá)。被尊敬的作者認(rèn)為是比真正的邪魔毫不了多少的東西。

[2]?在1895年出版的《The Denham Tracts》一書(shū)中則提到了，“Trows, a class of spirits”。

[3]?再往后，就是加里·吉蓋克斯先生提到自己的靈感來(lái)源了，來(lái)自于《Funk and Wagnalls Standard Dictionary of Folklore, Mythology, and Legend》一書(shū)中提到下列內(nèi)容：

Troll，斯堪的納維亞民間傳說(shuō)中的一種超自然生物，最初被描述為體型巨大，但后來(lái)，特別是在瑞典和丹麥，被認(rèn)為是居住在山洞和山脈中的dwarfish。這些dwarfish也像德國(guó)的dwarf一樣，是出色且技藝嫻熟的工匠。在斯堪的納維亞的民間故事中，trolls通常是體型巨大的食人魔，具有典型食人魔的強(qiáng)大力量和輕度弱智。它們生活在城堡中，看守著寶藏，在黑暗的森林中狩獵，如果照射到陽(yáng)光就會(huì)爆裂開(kāi)來(lái)。在設(shè)得蘭群島和奧克尼島，這個(gè)詞以trow的形式存在。Drow被認(rèn)為是對(duì)人類(lèi)不利的，并且與山脈和海洋密切相關(guān)。任何看到Drow的漁民都會(huì)感到恐懼。

[4]?最后就是家里本人的說(shuō)法了，在龍雜志第31期中，加里表示Drow這個(gè)詞來(lái)自于凱特利的《精靈神話(huà)》或是《秘密聯(lián)盟》這兩本書(shū)，但并不確定，事實(shí)上這兩本書(shū)中都沒(méi)有Drow這個(gè)詞的出現(xiàn)。他認(rèn)為Drow作為天性邪惡的黑暗精靈，他們是創(chuàng)造一個(gè)特別為AD&D游戲設(shè)計(jì)的全新獨(dú)特文化的理想基礎(chǔ)。事實(shí)上，這個(gè)角色可以成為玩家可選角色，前提是扮演Drow和半Drow要在白天活動(dòng)時(shí)會(huì)受到一定懲罰。

[5]?不過(guò)加里在2007年于enworld論壇上修改了這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)的來(lái)源，他表示Drow是來(lái)自《Funk and Wagnalls Standard Dictionary of Folklore, Mythology, and Legend》書(shū)中的一個(gè)表格，而非其他來(lái)源。他想要?jiǎng)?chuàng)造一個(gè)不同尋常的種族來(lái)作為幽暗地域中的主要?jiǎng)萘?，所以用字典中關(guān)于“暗精靈”的部分創(chuàng)造了卓爾精靈。（而且沒(méi)有一個(gè)卓爾精靈有魚(yú)尾紋。）

[6]?而在Aardy R. DeVarque整理的D&D文學(xué)起源一文中，則表示Drow的起源為：

Trow——日耳曼的民間傳說(shuō)包括光精靈（善良）和暗精靈（邪惡）。Drow這個(gè)詞則起源于蘇格蘭，是“Tro”的替代形式，與“troll”同音。Trow/Drow被用來(lái)指代各種各樣的邪惡精靈。除了“暗精靈”這個(gè)基本概念外，關(guān)于Drow的其他一切顯然都是TSR的作家們創(chuàng)造出來(lái)的。

原文資料

[1] Drow: DRAU (as in drowsy; rhymes with now and how)?—— Dungeons & Dragons FAQ

Source: http://www.wizards.com/dnd/DnDArchives_FAQ.asp

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[2] - How do you pronounce “drow”? – A: It rhymes with “cow.” —— Dragon #142 “Sage Advice” P 70

Source: Dragon #142

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[3] Drow (M) .................?drow, or dro ——?Dragon#93 “Ay prounseeAYshun gyd” P26

Source: Dragon #93

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[4] troll A supernatural being of Scandinavian folklore, originally gigantic, but later, especially in Sweden and?Denmark, conceived of as dwarfish and inhabiting caves and hills. These too, like the German dwarfs, were?wonderful and skilful craftsmen. In Scandinavian folktale the trolls are usually huge ogres with the great strength and little wit of the typical ogre. They live in?castles, guard treasure, hunt in dark forests, and burst?if the sun shines on their faces. In the Shetland and Orkney islands the word survives as trow. Trows are regarded as inimical to mankind and are as closely associated with the sea as with the hills. Terror seizes any?fisherman who sees a trow. ——?Funk and Wagnalls Standard Dictionary of Folklore, Mythology, and Legend, P 1126

Source: Funk and Wagnalls Standard Dictionary of Folklore, Mythology, and Legend, 1916

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[5] Individuals, whose lives had been engaged in intrigues of politics or stratagems of war, were sometimes surreptitiously carried off to Fairyland; as Alison Pearson, the sorceress who cured Archbishop Adamson, averred that she had recognised in the Fairy court the celebrated Secretary Lethington and the old Knight of Buccleuch, the one of whom had been the most busy politician, the other one of the most unwearied partisans of Queen Mary, during the reign of that unfortunate queen. Upon the whole, persons carried off by sudden death were usually suspected of having fallen into the hands of the fairies, and unless redeemed from their power, which it was not always safe to attempt, were doomed to conclude their lives with them. We must not omit to state that those who had an intimate communication with these spirits, while they were yet inhabitants of middle earth, were most apt to be seized upon and carried off to Elfland before their death.

The reason assigned for this kidnapping of the human race, so peculiar to the elfin people, is said to be that they were under a necessity of paying to the infernal regions a yearly tribute out of their population, which they were willing to defray by delivering up to the prince of these regions the children of the human race, rather than their own. From this it must be inferred, that they have offspring among themselves, as it is said by some authorities, and particularly by Mr. Kirke, the minister of Aberfoyle. He indeed adds that, after a certain length of life, these spirits are subject to the universal lot of mortality—a position, however, which has been controverted, and is scarcely reconcilable to that which holds them amenable to pay a tax to hell, which infers existence as eternal as the fire which is not quenched. The opinions on the subject of the fairy people here expressed, are such as are entertained in the Highlands and some remote quarters of the Lowlands of Scotland. We know, from the lively and entertaining legends published by Mr. Crofton Croker—which, though in most cases told with the wit of the editor and the humour of his country, contain points of curious antiquarian information—that the opinions of the Irish are conformable to the account we have given of the general creed of the Celtic nations respecting elves. If the Irish elves are anywise distinguished from those of Britain, it seems to be by their disposition to divide into factions and fight among themselves—a pugnacity characteristic of the Green Isle. The Welsh fairies, according to John Lewis, barrister-at-law, agree in the same general attributes with those of Ireland and Britain. We must not omit the creed of the Manxmen, since we find, from the ingenious researches of Mr. Waldron, that the Isle of Man, beyond other places in Britain, was a peculiar depository of the fairy traditions, which, on the island being conquered by the Norse, became, in all probability, chequered with those of Scandinavia from a source peculiar and more direct than that by which they reached Scotland or Ireland.

Such as it was, the popular system of the Celts easily received the northern admixture of Drows and Duergar, which gave the belief, perhaps, a darker colouring than originally belonged to the British fairyland. It was from the same source also, in all probability, that additional legends were obtained of a gigantic and malignant female, the Hecate of this mythology, who rode on the storm and marshalled the rambling host of wanderers under her grim banner. This hag (in all respects the reverse of the Mab or Titania of the Celtic creed) was called Nicneven in that later system which blended the faith of the Celts and of the Goths on this subject. The great Scottish poet Dunbar has made a spirited description of this Hecate riding at the head of witches and good neighbours (fairies, namely), sorceresses and elves, indifferently, upon the ghostly eve of All-Hallow Mass.26 In Italy we hear of the hags arraying themselves under the orders of Diana (in her triple character of Hecate, doubtless) and Herodias, who were the joint leaders of their choir. But we return to the more simple fairy belief, as entertained by the Celts before they were conquered by the Saxons. ——?LETTERS ON DEMONOLOGY AND WITCHCRAFT, 1830

Source: https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14461/pg14461-images.html

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[6] In the Prose Edda, the d?kkálfar, dark elves, are described as living underground, and as dark as pitch, while the svartálfar, black elves, are described as crafting excellent magical artifacts. These two traits appear to have influenced Gygax's drow. ——?D&D Lore Wiki

Source: https://dungeonsdragons.fandom.com/wiki/Drow#D.26D_5th_edition

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[7] TROW, n.1 Also ?trowe , trouw. Dims. trowie, ?trowling. Sc. (incl. Sh.) forms and usages of Eng. troll, a hobgoblin. [tr?u] ????1. A mischievous sprite or fairy, a supernatural being common in Scandinavian mythology from which it passed into Sh. and Ork. folk-lore (I.Sc. 1825 Jam.; Sh. 1908 Jak. (1928); Ork. 1929 Marw.; Sh., Ork., Cai. 1973). Also attrib. They were called hill-, land-, or sea-trows acc. to their supposed haunts or abode. The water-trow is the Nyuggle or Shoupiltin, q.v.

Source: https://web.archive.org/web/20110526192047/http://www.dsl.ac.uk/dsl/getent4.php?plen=11075&startset=44442733&query=TROW&fhit=trowe&dregion=entry&dtext=snd

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[8] Trow - Teutonic folklore included both light elves (good) and dark elves (evil). The word "drow" is of Scottish origin, an alternative form of "trow", which is a cognate for "troll". Trow/drow was used to refer to a wide variety of evil sprites. Except for the basic concept of "dark elves", everything else about drow was apparently invented by TSR's writers. ——?Literary Sources of D&D

Source: https://web.archive.org/web/20091027151422/http://geocities.com/rgfdfaq/sources.html

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[9] However, in the Prose Edda, Snorri Sturluson wrote about the black elves: "... the dark elves however live down below the ground. ... while the dark elves are blacker than pitch." ——?Wikipedia

Souce: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drow

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[10] The three “D Series” modules which continue the former series?owe little, if anything, to fiction. Drow are mentioned in Keightley’s?THE FAIRY MYTHOLOGY, as I recall (it might have been THE?SECRET COMMONWEALTH—neither book is before me, and it is not?all that important anyway), and as Dark Elves of evil nature, they served?as an ideal basis for the creation of a unique new mythos designed?especially for AD&D. The roles the various drow are designed to play in?the series are commensurate with those of prospective player characters. In fact, the race could be used for player characters, providing that?appropriate penalties were levied when a drow or half-drow was in the?daylight world. ——?Dragon#31 “Books Are Books, and Games Are Games, and Never the Twain…”, P. 28

Source: Dragon #31

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[11] Drow: A listing in the Funk & Wagnall's Unexpurgated Dictionary, and no other source at all. I wanted a most unusual race as the main power in the Underdark, so used the reference to "dark elves" from the dictionary to create the Drow. (And nary a one has crow's feet). ——?Gary Gygax

Source: https://www.enworld.org/threads/gygaxian-monsters.208804/page-2