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裝極值的矩形盒子(2020課標Ⅲ導(dǎo)數(shù))

2022-10-16 20:43 作者:數(shù)學(xué)老頑童  | 我要投稿

(2020課標Ⅲ,21)設(shè)函數(shù)f%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%3Dx%5E3%2Bbx%2Bc,曲線y%3Df%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20在點%5Cleft(%20%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B2%7D%2Cf%5Cleft(%20%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B2%7D%20%5Cright)%20%5Cright)%20處的切線與y軸垂直.

(1)求b;

(2)若f%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20有一個絕對值不大于1的零點,證明:f%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20所有零點的絕對值都不大于1.

解:(1)f'%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%3D3x%5E2%2Bb,

由題意可知f'%5Cleft(%20%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B2%7D%20%5Cright)%20%3D%5Cfrac%7B3%7D%7B4%7D%2Bb%3D0

解得b%3D%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B-%5Cfrac%7B3%7D%7B4%7D%7D.

(2)由(1)知f%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%3Dx%5E3-%5Cfrac%7B3%7D%7B4%7Dx%2Bc,

%5Cbegin%7Baligned%7D%0A%09f'%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%26%3D3x%5E2-%5Cfrac%7B3%7D%7B4%7D%5C%5C%0A%09%26%3D3%5Cleft(%20x%2B%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B2%7D%20%5Cright)%20%5Cleft(%20x-%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B2%7D%20%5Cright)%5C%5C%0A%5Cend%7Baligned%7D

f'%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%3D0,得x%3D-%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B2%7Dx%3D%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B2%7D,

x%5Cin%20%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B%5Cleft(%20-%5Cinfty%20%2C-%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B2%7D%20%5Cright)%7D,f'%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%3E0,f%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B%5Cnearrow%20%7D

x%5Cin%20%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B%5Cleft(%20-%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B2%7D%2C%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B2%7D%20%5Cright)%20%7D,f'%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%3C0,f%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B%5Csearrow%20%7D

x%5Cin%20%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B%5Cleft(%20%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B2%7D%2C%2B%5Cinfty%20%5Cright)%20%7D,f'%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%3E0,f%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B%5Cnearrow%20%7D

所以f%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20的極大值為%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7Bf%5Cleft(%20-%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B2%7D%20%5Cright)%20%3Dc%2B%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B4%7D%7D,

極小值為%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7Bf%5Cleft(%20%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B2%7D%20%5Cright)%20%3Dc-%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B4%7D%7D

計算得%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7Bf%5Cleft(%20-1%20%5Cright)%20%3Dc-%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B4%7D%7D,%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7Bf%5Cleft(%201%20%5Cright)%20%3Dc%2B%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B4%7D%7D.

1.c%2B%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B4%7D%3C0,或c-%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B4%7D%3E0

%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7Bc%3C-%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B4%7D%7D,或%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7Bc%3E%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B4%7D%7D

f%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%5Cleft%5B%20-1%2C1%20%5Cright%5D%20無零點.

2.c%2B%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B4%7D%3D0,即%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7Bc%3D-%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B4%7D%7D,

f%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20有且僅有兩個零點:%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B-%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B2%7D%7D、%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B1%7D.

符合題意.

3.c-%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B4%7D%3D0,即%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7Bc%3D%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B4%7D%7D,

f%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20有且僅有兩個零點:%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B-1%7D、%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B2%7D%20%7D.

符合題意.

4.c-%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B4%7D%3C0%3Cc%2B%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B4%7D,

-%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B4%7D%3Cc%3C%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B4%7D%7D,

由于f%5Cleft(%20-1%20%5Cright)%20%3C0f%5Cleft(%20-%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B2%7D%20%5Cright)%20%3E0,

f%5Cleft(%20%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B2%7D%20%5Cright)%20%3C0,f%5Cleft(%201%20%5Cright)%20%3E0,

f%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B%5Cleft(%20-1%2C-%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B2%7D%20%5Cright)%20%7D、%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B%5Cleft(%20-%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B2%7D%2C%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B2%7D%20%5Cright)%20%7D、%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B%5Cleft(%20%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B2%7D%2C1%20%5Cright)%20%7D各存在一個零點,符合題意.

綜上所述:命題成立.

命題背景:余弦的三倍角公式

%5Cbbox%5B%23def%2C5px%2Cborder%3A1px%20solid%5D%7B%0A%5Ccos%20%203x%3D4%5Ccos%20%5E3x-3%5Ccos%20%20x%7D

裝極值的矩形盒子(2020課標Ⅲ導(dǎo)數(shù))的評論 (共 條)

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