外刊精讀|貧富差距＝體育能力差距？
◆雙語閱讀
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Over the last two decades, technology companies and policymakers warned of a “digital divide” in which poor children could fall behind their more affluent peers without equal access to technology. Today, with widespread internet access and smartphone ownership, the gap has narrowed sharply.?But with less?fanfare?a different division has appeared: Across the country, poor children and adolescents are participating far less in sports and fitness activities than more affluent youngsters are. Call it the?physical divide.
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過去20年里，科技公司和政策制定者提出了“數(shù)字鴻溝”的警示，即貧困兒童因無法平等地獲取技術(shù)，可能會落后于更富裕的同齡人。如今，隨著互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的普及和智能手機的普及，這一差距已大幅縮小。但另一個鴻溝悄無聲息地出現(xiàn)了：美國全國貧困兒童和青少年參加體育和健身活動的次數(shù)遠遠少于富裕的青少年。我們稱之為身體素質(zhì)差異。
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Data from multiple sources reveal a significant gap in sports participation by income level. A Centers for Disease Control and Prevention study found that 70 percent of children from families with incomes above about $105,000 — four times the poverty line — participated in sports in 2020. But participation was around 51 percent for families in a middle-income range, and just 31 percent for families at or below the poverty line.
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多個來源的數(shù)據(jù)顯示，不同收入水平的人們參加體育運動的量存在明顯的差距。美國疾病控制和預(yù)防中心的一項研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，2020年，家庭收入超過10.5萬美元（是貧困線的四倍）的家庭中，有70%的小孩參加了體育運動。但中等收入家庭的參與率約為51%，而貧困線以下家庭的參與率僅為31%。
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A?2021 study?of Seattle-area students from fifth grade through high school found that less affluent youth were less likely to participate in sports than their more affluent peers. The study also found that middle schoolers from more affluent families were three times as likely to meet physical exercise guidelines as less affluent students.
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2021年對西雅圖地區(qū)從五年級到高中的學(xué)生進行的一項研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，不太富裕的青少年比更富裕的同齡人參加體育運動的可能性更低。研究還發(fā)現(xiàn)，來自更富裕家庭的中學(xué)生達到體育鍛煉指導(dǎo)標準水平的可能性是不太富裕家庭的學(xué)生的三倍。
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A combination of factors is responsible. Spending cuts and changing priorities at some public schools have?curtailed?physical education classes and organized sports. At the same time, privatized youth sports have become a multibillion-dollar enterprise offering new opportunities — at least for families that can afford hundreds to thousands of dollars each?season?for club-team fees, uniforms, equipment, travel to tournaments and private coaching.
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這是多種因素共同作用的結(jié)果。在一些公立學(xué)校，開支削減和優(yōu)先級改變已經(jīng)減少了體育課和有組織的體育活動。與此同時，青少年體育私營化已經(jīng)成為一項價值達數(shù)十億美元的業(yè)務(wù)，產(chǎn)生了新的機會——至少對那些可以負擔(dān)得起每個賽季數(shù)百到數(shù)千美元的俱樂部球隊費用、制服、設(shè)備、異地出行參賽和私人教練的家庭來說是這樣。
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Schools are not always filling the gap.?A recent report?from the Physical Activity Alliance, a nonprofit organization, gave schools nationwide a grade of D– for physical fitness. That is a downgrade from a C– in 2014, with the new grade reflecting even less access to regular physical education classes, gym time and equipment in schools.?Ann Paulls-Neal,?varsity?track coach at Highland High, has noticed that more affluent students, with access to club sports.? She speculated about the reasons. Families couldn’t afford private sports or didn’t have cars or time to ferry their children to practice.
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學(xué)校并非總是能填補這一差距。非營利組織體育活動聯(lián)盟最近的一份報告，對全國學(xué)校的體能板塊評分為D-。這是自2014年的C-后發(fā)生的降級，新的等級反映出在學(xué)校獲得常規(guī)體育課、健身時間和健身設(shè)備的機會更少了。高地高中的校隊田徑教練安·保羅-尼爾注意到，更富裕的學(xué)生有機會參加俱樂部運動。她對原因進行了猜測。有些家庭負擔(dān)不起私營的體育活動，或者沒有車，也沒有時間載孩子去訓(xùn)練。
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本文節(jié)選自：The New York Times（紐約時報）
發(fā)布時間：2023.03.24
作者：Matt Richtel
原文標題：The Income Gap is Becoming a Physical-Activity Divide
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◆詞匯積累
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1. fanfare
/?f?nf??/
n.（儀式上慶祝或歡迎重要人物到場時）號角齊鳴，嘹亮短曲；大張旗鼓宣揚，熱議
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2. curtail
/k???te?l/
v. 減縮，限制; 剪短; 剝奪……特權(quán)等
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3. season
/?si?z?n/
n. 季節(jié); (某種特殊氣候的)季; (某種活動或事件發(fā)生的)時期; 體育賽季; (水果、蔬菜等的)當令期，上市期; 度假旺季，法定假期
v. 加調(diào)料，給……調(diào)味; 給……增添趣味; 使(木材)風(fēng)干，曬干(木材); 變干燥
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4. varsity
?/?vɑ?s?t?/?
n.大學(xué)；大學(xué)運動代表隊
adj.大學(xué)代表隊的
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◆詞組搭配
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1.physical divide 身體素質(zhì)差異
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◆寫作句總結(jié)
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Data from multiple sources reveal a significant gap in sports participation by income level.
結(jié)構(gòu)：Data from multiple sources reveal a significant gap in … by income level.
多個來源的數(shù)據(jù)顯示，不同收入水平的人們…明顯的差距。
例句：Data from multiple sources reveal a significant gap in tourist consumption by income level.
