Unit 7

T1

Hiroshima – the "liveliest" city in Japan

1 The introductions were made. Most of the guests were Japanese, and it was difficult for me to ask them just why we were gathered here. The few Americans and Germans seemed just as inhibited as I was. "Gentlemen," said the mayor, "I am happy to welcome you to Hiroshima." Everyone bowed, including the Westerners. After three days in Japan, the spinal column becomes extraordinarily flexible.

2 "Gentlemen, it is a very great honor to have you here in Hiroshima."

3 There were fresh bows, and the faces grew more and more serious each time the name Hiroshima was repeated.

4 "Hiroshima, as you know, is a city familiar to everyone," continued the mayor.

5 "Yes, yes, of course," murmured the company, more and more agitated.

6 " Seldom has a city gained such world renown, and I am proud and happy to welcome you to Hiroshima, a town known throughout the world for its – oysters. "

7 I was just about to make my little bow of assent, when the meaning of these last words sank in, jolting me out of my sad reverie.

8 "Hiroshima – oysters? What about the bomb and the misery and humanity's most heinous crime?" While the mayor went on with his speech in praise of southern Japanese seafood, I cautiously backed away and headed toward the far side of the room, where a few men were talking among themselves and paying little attention to the mayor's speech. "You look puzzled," said a small Japanese man with very large eyeglasses.

9 "Well, I must confess that I did not expect a speech about oysters here. I thought that Hiroshima still felt the impact of the atomic cataclysm. "

10 "No one talks about it any more, and no one wants to, especially, the people who were born here or who lived through it."

11 "Do you feel the same way, too?"

12 "I was here, but I was not in the center of town. I tell you this because I am almost an old man. There are two different schools of thought in this city of oysters, one that would like to preserve traces of the bomb, and the other that would like to get rid of everything, even the monument that was erected at the point of impact. They would also like to demolish the atomic museum."

13 "Why would they want to do that?"

14 "Because it hurts everybody, and because time marches on. That is why." The small Japanese man smiled, his eyes nearly closed behind their thick lenses. "If you write about this city, do not forget to say that it is the gayest city in Japan, even if many of the town's people still bear hidden wounds, and burns."

15 Like any other, the hospital smelled of formaldehyde and ether. Stretchers and wheelchairs lined the walls of endless corridors, and nurses walked by carrying nickel-plated instruments,? the very sight of which would send shivers down the spine of any healthy visitor. The so-called atomic section was located on the third floor. It consisted of 17 beds.

16 "I am a fisherman by trade. I have been here a very long time, more than twenty years," said an old man in Japanese pajamas.

17 "What is wrong with you?"

18 "Something inside. I was in Hiroshima when it happened. I saw the fireball. But I had no burns on my face or body. I ran all over the city looking for missing friends and relatives. I thought somehow I had been spared. But later my hair began to fall out, and my belly turned to water. I felt sick, and ever since then they have been testing and treating me."

19 The doctor at my side explained and commented upon the old man's story: "We still have a handful of patients here who are being kept alive by constant care. The others died as a result of their injuries, or else committed suicide."

20 "Why did they commit suicide?"

21 "It is humiliating to survive in this city. If you bear any visible scars of atomic burns, your children will encounter prejudice on the part of those who do not. No one will marry the daughter or the niece of an atomic bomb victim. People are afraid of genetic damage from the radiation." The old fisherman gazed at me politely and with interest.

22 Hanging over the patient was a big ball made of bits of brightly colored paper, folded into the shape of tiny birds. "What's that?" I asked.

23 "Those are my lucky birds. Each day that I escape death, each day of suffering that helps to free me from earthly cares, I make a new little paper bird, and add it to the others. This way I look at them and congratulate myself of the good fortune that my illness has brought me. Because, thanks to it, I have the opportunity to improve my character."

24 Once again, outside in the open air, I tore into little pieces a small notebook with questions that I'd prepared in advance for interviews with the patients of the atomic ward. Among them was the question: Do you really think that Hiroshima is the liveliest city in Japan? I never asked it. But I could read the answer in every eye.

廣島——日本“最有活力的”城市

1 彼此做過了介紹。大多數(shù)來賓是日本人，我難以啟齒去問他們我們?yōu)槭裁丛诖司蹠?huì)。為數(shù)不多的幾個(gè)美國(guó)人和德國(guó)人像我一樣顯得很拘束?！跋壬鷤?，”市長(zhǎng)說，“我很高興歡迎你們來到廣島?！比巳司瞎?，包括在座的西方人。在日本待上三天后，脊柱變得異常容易彎曲。

2 “先生們，你們光臨廣島，令我們深感榮幸?！?/p>

3 又是一輪鞠躬；每提到一次廣島的名字，眾人的臉色都會(huì)愈加凝重。

4 “廣島，眾所周知，是一個(gè)人人熟悉的城市，”市長(zhǎng)繼續(xù)說。

5 “是的，是的，當(dāng)然，”眾人低語，越來越激動(dòng)。

6 “很少有城市在世界上如此有名，我驕傲且高興地歡迎你們來到廣島，一個(gè)聞名于世的——牡蠣之城?！?/p>

7 我正要微微鞠躬表示贊同，但當(dāng)我完全明白最后這幾個(gè)字的意思后，我從悲傷的沉思中驚醒過來。

8 “廣島——牡蠣？那原子彈、那慘況和人類最兇惡的罪行呢？”當(dāng)市長(zhǎng)還在繼續(xù)講話，贊美日本南部的海鮮時(shí)，我小心翼翼地退后，走向大廳的另一頭，那里有幾個(gè)人在自顧自地談話，并不怎么注意市長(zhǎng)的講話?！澳憧雌饋砗芾Щ螅币粋€(gè)戴著大大眼鏡的小個(gè)子日本人說。

9 “呃，我必須承認(rèn)，我沒料到會(huì)在這里聽到關(guān)于牡蠣的講話。我以為廣島仍然感受得到原子彈災(zāi)難的巨大沖擊?！?/p>

10 “沒人再談了，沒人想談，尤其是生在此地或經(jīng)歷過那事兒的人?！?/p>

11 “你也有同感嗎？”

12 “我當(dāng)時(shí)在這里，但不在市中心。我告訴你這個(gè)是因?yàn)槲也畈欢嗍莻€(gè)老頭子了。在這個(gè)牡蠣之城里，有兩派不同的意見，一派想保存轟炸痕跡，另一派想抹掉一切，甚至包括立在爆炸地點(diǎn)的紀(jì)念碑。他們還想拆掉原子彈博物館。”

13 “他們?yōu)槭裁匆菢幼?？?/p>

14 “因?yàn)槟橇钊送葱?，因?yàn)闀r(shí)代前進(jìn)了。這就是為什么?！蹦莻€(gè)小個(gè)子日本人微笑著，眼睛在厚厚的鏡片后面近乎閉上了?！叭绻阋獙戇@個(gè)城市，別忘了說它是日本最快活的城市，盡管許多市民仍舊承受著看不見的創(chuàng)傷和燒傷之痛?！?/p>

15 就像其他醫(yī)院一樣，這里的醫(yī)院散發(fā)著甲醛和乙醚的氣味。在仿佛沒有盡頭的走廊上，擔(dān)架和輪椅排列在墻邊，護(hù)士們帶著鍍鎳器具走過；看到這種情景，任何健康的來訪者都會(huì)感到脊背發(fā)涼，不寒而栗。所謂的原子科位于三層，有十七張病床。

16 “我是個(gè)打魚的。我在這兒已經(jīng)很久了，二十多年了，”一個(gè)身穿和服睡衣的老人說。

17 “您怎么了？”

18 “里面有事兒。爆炸發(fā)生的時(shí)候我在廣島。我看見了火球。但我臉上和身上都沒有燒傷。我跑遍全城尋找失蹤的親戚朋友。我以為我逃過了一劫?？墒呛髞砦议_始掉頭發(fā)，肚里出現(xiàn)腹水。我病倒了，打那以后他們就一直給我做檢查和治療。”

19 在我身旁的醫(yī)生解釋和評(píng)論著老人的故事：“我們這里還有一些病人，靠持續(xù)不斷的護(hù)理活到現(xiàn)在。別的人要么因傷重不治而死，要么就自殺了?！?/p>

20 “他們?yōu)槭裁醋詺?？?/p>

21 “在這個(gè)城市活下去是令人難堪的。如果你身上有明顯的原子彈灼傷的疤痕，你的子女就會(huì)遭遇那些沒有疤痕的人的偏見。沒人會(huì)娶原子彈受害者的女兒或侄女。人們害怕由輻射造成的基因損傷?！崩蠞O夫有禮貌又饒有興趣地盯著我看。

22 病人上方懸掛著一個(gè)用許多鮮艷彩紙折疊成的小鳥組成的大球?！澳鞘鞘裁?？” 我問道。

23 “那些是我的吉祥鳥。我逃脫死亡的每一天，幫助我脫離塵世煩惱的艱難的每一天，我都折一只新的小紙鳥加進(jìn)去。這樣我看著它們，慶幸自己的病給我?guī)砹撕眠\(yùn)。因?yàn)椋嗵澚怂?，我才有機(jī)會(huì)修身養(yǎng)性?！?/p>

24 到了戶外，我又一次把小筆記本撕成碎片，那上面寫著事先準(zhǔn)備的采訪原子病房病人的問題。其中一個(gè)問題是：您真的認(rèn)為廣島是日本最有活力的城市嗎？這個(gè)問題我一直沒有問，但我能在每個(gè)人的眼里讀出答案。

T2

The story of Anne Frank's diary

1 On 13 June 1944, Anne Frank celebrated her 15th birthday with a few modest presents, including some underwear, a couple of belts, some yoghurt, and a pot of jam. After several years in hiding, she was grateful for the gifts, but aware that life during the war was very different to peacetime, which she missed.

2 Anne Frank wrote her now famous diary while she and her family were in hiding in "the secret annexe", a few rooms in the back of her father's office in Amsterdam, Holland.

3 The Franks were in fact refugees, Jews from Germany who had emigrated to Holland, settling in Amsterdam to escape from Nazi persecution. But when, in May 1940, the German army invaded and occupied Holland, the persecution of the Dutch Jews very quickly began there too.

4 Like all Jews, Anne and her sister Margot were forbidden to attend school, to ride their bikes, even to travel in a car. They were only allowed to go into certain shops, and at all times they had to wear a yellow star on their clothing to show they were Jewish. The star of David, an important religious symbol, was transformed into a badge of shame by the Nazis.

5 By 1941, the Nazis were arresting large numbers of Jewish people, and sending them to labour camps which quickly became death camps. Otto Frank, Anne's father, decided to conceal his family, and the family of his business partner.

6 The Franks went into hiding on 6 July 1942, just a few weeks after Anne started her diary, and were joined by the second family, the Van Pels, a week later. For the next two years, eight people were confined to just six small rooms and could never go outside. There was rarely enough to eat, and the families lived in a state of poverty.

7 Throughout her time in hiding, Anne continued to write her diary. She described the day-to-day activity in the annexe but she also wrote about her dreams and aspirations. It was very hard for her to plan for a future; she and the others couldn't imagine what it must have been like for the Jews who had been caught.

8 Many of her Jewish friends had been taken away in droves by the Gestapo, who took them to a transit camp about 150 kilometres away in the Netherlands before being transported to concentration camps . Anne and her family had heard on the English radio broadcasts that they were then killed in the gas chambers.

9 Despite being an ordinary teenager in many ways, curious, self-critical and moody, Anne was also an honest writer of considerable talent who fought for the right to live and this is what gives the diary such power.

10 Anne's diary shows her thoughts and remarkable insights at the time. She was concerned that she might have to abandon her ideals, because they seemed absurd and impractical. But she remained determined to cling to them because she believed people were fundamentally good. She understood that it was utterly impossible to build her life on a foundation of suffering, chaos and death, and feared what would happen to her. She saw the suffering of millions in the world would turn it into a wilderness. But she upheld her hope and belief that a happy outcome would end the cruelty and bring back peace and tranquility.

11 Anne was not displaying simple childish optimism. It was more a declaration of her principles and of the right to human dignity. The voice that comes across is of a solitary young girl writing for herself, yet at the same time it is the cry of all those innocent victims of evil whose fate was to suffer in the Second World War. That is why Anne Frank's diary has achieved fame as the voice of the Holocaust? in which six million Jews were murdered: She speaks for all of humanity.

12 In August 1944, the hiding place was stormed, and Nazi officers arrested everyone. They were taken to a transit camp and forced to do hard labour. From there they were taken by train to a concentration camp at Auschwitz. A month later, Anne and Margot were moved to Bergen-Belsen camp in Germany. They both died of typhus and starvation in March 1945. Anne Frank was 15, her sister was 19. Out of the eight people in hiding, Otto Frank was the only survivor, and when he found his daughter's diary after the war, he arranged for its publication in recognition of her courage.

13 When Anne wrote in her diary "I hope that you will be a great support and comfort to me", she couldn't have known that her writing would also be a support and comfort to the whole world after her death. She would never know what it must be like to write one of the greatest anti-war books ever. Perhaps the day will come when her diary will stop wars breaking out in the first place.

安妮?弗蘭克日記的故事

1 1944年6月13日, 安妮?弗蘭克度過了她的15歲生日。她收到了不少禮物：幾件內(nèi)衣、兩根腰帶、一些酸奶和一罐果醬。在藏身了幾年之后，她對(duì)于收到這些禮物非常感激，但她心里明白現(xiàn)在的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)時(shí)期與她想念的和平時(shí)期十分不同。

2 安妮?弗蘭克寫下了她現(xiàn)已出名的日記，當(dāng)時(shí)她和她的家人躲在“秘室”里，那是她父親在荷蘭阿姆斯特丹的辦公室后面的幾間屋子。

3 弗蘭克一家實(shí)際上是難民，是從德國(guó)移民到荷蘭的猶太人，定居在阿姆斯特丹以逃避納粹的迫害。但是在1940年5月，當(dāng)?shù)聡?guó)軍隊(duì)入侵并占領(lǐng)了荷蘭之后，對(duì)荷蘭猶太人的迫害也很快就開始了。

4 像所有的猶太人一樣，安妮和姐姐瑪戈被禁止上學(xué)、騎自行車、甚至坐汽車。德軍只允許他們進(jìn)某些店鋪，任何時(shí)候都要在衣服上戴著一顆黃星以表明他們是猶太人。大衛(wèi)王之星，一種重要的宗教象征，被納粹變成了一種恥辱的標(biāo)志。

5 到1941年，納粹開始大量逮捕猶太人，把他們送往勞改集中營(yíng)，那里很快就變成了死亡集中營(yíng)。安妮的父親奧托?弗蘭克決定把家人和生意伙伴的家人藏起來。

6 1942年7月6日，就在安妮開始寫日記數(shù)周后，弗蘭克一家躲了起來；一周后，范?佩爾一家人也加入進(jìn)來。在其后的兩年里，八個(gè)人就關(guān)在六個(gè)小房間里，絕不能外出。兩家人生活在貧困狀態(tài)之中，連足夠的食物都沒有。

7 在躲藏的日子里，安妮一直堅(jiān)持寫日記。她逐日敘述“秘室”里的日?；顒?dòng)，也記述自己的夢(mèng)想和憧憬。她很難設(shè)想未來；她和別人都無法想象，猶太人被抓住會(huì)有什么下場(chǎng)。

8 她的許多猶太朋友都被蓋世太保成群地帶走了，先是被運(yùn)送到150公里以外的荷蘭臨時(shí)難民營(yíng)，然后被遣送到集中營(yíng)。安妮和她的家人通過英國(guó)廣播得知這些人在毒氣室里被熏死。

9 盡管安妮在許多方面都是個(gè)普通的十幾歲少女，好奇、自我批評(píng)而且喜怒無常，但她還是個(gè)相當(dāng)有天賦的誠(chéng)實(shí)的作者，為生存的權(quán)利而斗爭(zhēng)著。正是這一點(diǎn)賦予了她的日記如此強(qiáng)大的力量。

10 安妮的日記展示了她當(dāng)時(shí)的想法和卓越的洞察力。她擔(dān)心她可能會(huì)被迫放棄理想，因?yàn)樗鼈冿@得那么荒唐和不切實(shí)際。但是她仍然緊緊抓著它們，因?yàn)樗嘈?，從根本上說人是善良的。她明白完全不可能把生活建立在苦難、混亂和死亡的基礎(chǔ)上，更害怕未來將要發(fā)生在自己身上的事情。她看到世界上數(shù)百萬人所受的苦難正把這個(gè)世界變成荒野。但是她仍然懷抱希望和信念：殘酷的現(xiàn)實(shí)終將迎來一個(gè)美好的結(jié)果，和平和安寧終將再度回歸。

11 安妮寫這些話，并非在展示簡(jiǎn)單幼稚的樂觀主義。那是她的信念和人類尊嚴(yán)的權(quán)利宣言。它傳來的是一個(gè)孤獨(dú)少女的聲音，她為自己寫作，但同時(shí)也是所有無辜受邪惡迫害者的吶喊，他們的命運(yùn)就是在第二次世界大戰(zhàn)期間遭受苦難。這就是安妮?弗蘭克的日記被譽(yù)為猶太人大屠殺（其間有六百萬猶太人被殺害）之聲的原因：她的話代表了全人類的心聲。

12 1944年8月，他們的藏身處遭到突襲，納粹官員逮捕了每一個(gè)人。他們被帶往一個(gè)過渡性集中營(yíng)，被迫做苦工。從那里，他們又被火車送往奧斯威辛的一個(gè)集中營(yíng)。一個(gè)月后，安妮和瑪戈被轉(zhuǎn)移到德國(guó)的貝爾根－貝爾森集中營(yíng)。她們兩個(gè)均于1945年3月死于斑疹傷寒和饑餓。安妮?弗蘭克時(shí)年15歲；她的姐姐19歲。在躲藏的八個(gè)人中，奧托?弗蘭克是唯一的幸存者。他在戰(zhàn)后發(fā)現(xiàn)了女兒的日記，設(shè)法出版了它，以表彰她的勇氣。

13 當(dāng)安妮在日記中寫下“我希望你對(duì)我會(huì)是極大的支持和安慰”這句話時(shí)，她不可能知道，在她死后，她的文字也會(huì)是對(duì)全世界的支持和安慰。她永遠(yuǎn)也無法知道寫出一本偉大的反戰(zhàn)作品是什么樣子。也許將來有一天，她的日記會(huì)從根本上阻止戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的爆發(fā)。

T3

Remembrance Day

1 It is a cold and misty morning in late autumn. The leaves lie thick on the ground round the main square in the small town. A couple of hundred people are standing in front of a simple stone monument, the older ones soberly dressed in overcoats, a few parents with small children in their arms. In the distance a bell tower chimes the hour: 11 o'clock. It is the signal they have been waiting for. Heads are bowed respectfully, and no one moves. For two long minutes the only sound is the sound of leaves stirring in the breeze. And then a lone soldier in uniform takes up his trumpet and begins to play the slow sad notes of the "Last Post", and the national flag is raised: the red and white stripes and maple leaf of Canada.

2 This is Canada, but similar scenes can be witnessed in many parts of the world at the same time. It is on 11 November: Remembrance Day in Canada, the UK and Australia, Veterans Day in the US, Armistice Day in France. The name changes, but the significance does not. The 11th hour of the 11th day of the 11th month marks the end of the First World War, still known today, in spite of the many international conflicts which have followed, as the "Great" War. It is the moment when countries involved in the conflict remember all their war dead – and not just the victims of the First World War.

3 More than half a million Canadians fought in Europe during the Great War, and 65,000 of them lost their lives. Many of them died in Flanders (Belgium) where some of the fiercest fighting took place. In May 1915, one of them, an army doctor called John MacRae, tried to express his feelings when a close friend was killed in battle. In just a few minutes he wrote a poem about the poppies growing by the side of his friend's grave and across the whole battlefield. The poem became popular when it was published in December 1915.

4 Today, the poppy has become a symbol of the Great War. People wear poppies on their coats when they attend Remembrance Day ceremonies, and place wreaths made of poppies on war memorials. For some people, the poppy represents blood and death; for others, release from pain; and for still more, a sign of rebirth and life. But they all believe it is an appropriate way of showing respect to millions of soldiers who gave their lives for others.

陣亡將士紀(jì)念日

1 這是個(gè)寒冷多霧的晚秋清晨。樹葉厚厚地堆積在小城主要廣場(chǎng)周圍的地面上。兩百多人站在一座簡(jiǎn)單的石碑前，老人穿著樸素的大衣，有幾個(gè)父母懷里抱著孩子。遠(yuǎn)處鐘樓報(bào)時(shí)：11點(diǎn)整。這正是他們等待的信號(hào)。他們滿懷敬意低下頭；沒有人動(dòng)。長(zhǎng)達(dá)兩分鐘之久，唯一的聲音是樹葉在微風(fēng)中作響。然后，一個(gè)身穿軍裝的孤獨(dú)的軍人舉起軍號(hào)，開始吹奏《最后的崗位》那舒緩悲涼的旋律，國(guó)旗升起：加拿大的紅白條楓葉旗。

2 這是加拿大，但是在這一刻類似的情景可以在世界上的許多地方看到。這一天是11月11日：加拿大、英國(guó)和澳大利亞的“紀(jì)念日”，美國(guó)的“老兵日”，法國(guó)的“停戰(zhàn)日”。名稱不同，但意義不變。11月11日11時(shí)標(biāo)志著第一次世界大戰(zhàn)的結(jié)束；如今它仍然被稱為“大”戰(zhàn)，盡管其后又發(fā)生了許多國(guó)際沖突。這是參與沖突的國(guó)家紀(jì)念所有戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)亡靈的時(shí)刻——不僅僅是第一次世界大戰(zhàn)的犧牲者。

3 超過50萬加拿大人在第一次大戰(zhàn)期間在歐洲作戰(zhàn)，其中6.5萬人失去了生命。許多人死在戰(zhàn)事最激烈的佛蘭德斯（比利時(shí)）。1915年5月，其中一位名叫約翰?麥克雷的軍醫(yī)因好友陣亡而想要表達(dá)自己的情感。他只用了幾分鐘就寫出了一首詩(shī)，描寫開在朋友墓旁以及整個(gè)戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)的罌粟花。這首詩(shī)在1915年12月發(fā)表后就廣泛流傳開來。

4 今天，罌粟花已成為第一次世界大戰(zhàn)的象征。人們參加紀(jì)念日典禮時(shí)衣襟上戴著罌粟花，把罌粟花環(huán)放置在戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)紀(jì)念碑上。在一些人看來，罌粟代表著鮮血和死亡；在另一些人看來，罌粟代表著痛苦的解脫；在更多的人看來，罌粟則象征著復(fù)興和生命。但他們都相信，這是一種對(duì)數(shù)百萬為他人獻(xiàn)出生命的軍人致敬的恰當(dāng)?shù)姆绞健?/p>