中國歷史

四大文明古國之一

one of the four ancient civilizations

人類文明史

the history of human civilization

源遠(yuǎn)流長/歷史悠久

to have a long history; with a long history

朝代

dynasty

古都

ancient capital

隨著時間的推移

as time goes by

遠(yuǎn)古時代

ancient times

原始社會

primitive society

春秋時期

the Spring and Autumn Period

戰(zhàn)國

the Warring States

封建社會

feudal society

皇帝，君主

emperor; monarch

歷史遺留問題

a question left over from history/the past

在戰(zhàn)爭中損毀

to be ruined in wars

抵抗侵略

to resist the invasion

五四運(yùn)動

the May 4th Movement of 1919在……世紀(jì)初

at the beginning of..century

迄今為止

up till now

追溯到

to date/trace back to

來源于

to derive/stem from; to originate from/in

發(fā)祥地

birthplace

興起于……，興盛于……

to emerge in...and prosper in...

保存最完好的

best-preserved

原址

original site

國家博物館

national museum

皇帝統(tǒng)治時期

a period of emperor reign

諸侯國

kingdom

勤政愛民

to be diligent and love one's people

退位

to give up the throne

帝王宮殿

imperial palace

以……命名

to be named after...

歷史人物

historic figure

陽歷

solar calendar

陰歷

lunar calendar

天干

heavenly stem

地支

earthly branch

閏年

leap year

中國文化概述

重要文化遺產(chǎn)

major cultural heritage

優(yōu)秀民間藝術(shù)

outstanding folk arts

文化產(chǎn)業(yè)

culture industry

文化底蘊(yùn)

cultural deposit

文化事業(yè)

cultural undertaking

文化交流

cultural exchange

文化沖擊

culture shock

文化差異

cultural difference

獨(dú)特的藝術(shù)價值

unique artistic values

誠實(shí)守信

honesty

愛國主義精神

patriotism國寶

national treasure

文物cultural relics

華夏祖先

the Chinese ancestors

中華民族

the Chinese nation

傳統(tǒng)美德

traditional virtues

文人

men of letter

雅士

refined scholar

才子佳人

gifted scholars and beautiful ladies

高雅藝術(shù)

refined/high art

中外學(xué)者

Chinese and overseas scholars

古為今用

to make the past serve the present

洋為中用

to make the foreign serve China

無愧于時代的作品

works worthy of the times

文明搖籃

cradle of civilization

古文明

ancient civilization

博大精深

to be extensive and profound

享有……的聲譽(yù)

to enjoy a good/high reputation for

被譽(yù)為

to be honored/crowned as

占據(jù)重要地位

to play a significant role; to have/occupy a significant place

肩負(fù)……的責(zé)任?

to shoulder the responsibility of...

與……密不可分

to be closely associated with..

推廣中國文化

to promote Chinese culture

促進(jìn)世界和平

to promote world peace

增進(jìn)友誼

to enhance friendship

文化娛樂活動

cultural and amusement activities

民族特性和價值觀

national identity and value

在各地差異很大

to vary widely from region/place to region/place

促進(jìn)文化的傳播?

to promote the spread of culture

促進(jìn)交流

to promote exchanges

蓬勃發(fā)展

to flourish

豐富多彩

to be rich and colorful

風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣

custom

禁忌

taboo

尊敬老人

to respect the elderly

贍養(yǎng)父母

to support/take care of parents

繼承

to inherit

后人

later generation

強(qiáng)身健體

to improve the physical health; to strengthen the body

益壽延年

to prolong life

保佑平安

to keep sb safe

象征意義

symbolic meaning

象征好運(yùn)和祝福

to symbolize good luck and blessings

審美觀/品味

taste for beauty; aesthetic taste

中國傳統(tǒng)文化

中醫(yī)藥

traditional Chinese medicine

中草藥

herbal medicine

望、聞、問、切

observing, listening, inquiring, pulse taking

癥狀

symptom

重大發(fā)明

a significant invention

中國古代四大發(fā)明

the four great inventions of ancient China

火藥

gunpowder

印刷術(shù)

printing

造紙術(shù)

paper-making

指南針

the compass

文房四寶

the Four Treasures of the Study

筆、墨、紙、硯

brush, ink stick, paper,ink stone

漢字

Chinese character

筆劃

stroke

普通話四聲調(diào)

the four tones of Mandarin Chinese

書法

calligraphy

中國畫

traditional Chinese painting

水墨畫

Chinese brush painting; ink wash painting

武術(shù)

martial arts

中國功夫

Kung Fu

太極

Tai Chi

孔子

Confucius

孟子

Mencius

思想學(xué)派

school of thought

思想核心

the core of ideology

代表人物

representative

儒家思想

Confucianism

儒家文化

Confucian culture

和尚、僧人

monk

寺廟

temple

伊斯蘭教

Islam

清真寺

mosque

宗教

religion

建筑

architecture

鐘樓

bell tower

鼓樓

drum tower

牌坊

memorial archway

兵馬俑

Terracotta Warriors and Horses

絲綢之路

the Silk Road

故宮

the Imperial Palace

天壇

the Temple of Heaven

民間故事

folk tale

寓言

fable

傳說

legend

凡間

human world

京劇

Peking Opera

臉譜

mask

正面角色

positive role

木偶戲

puppet show

皮影戲

shadow play

雜技

acrobatics

相聲

crosstalk

說、學(xué)、逗、唱

speaking imitating teasing and singing

說書

story-telling

傳統(tǒng)工藝品

traditional handicraft

形狀不一

to be of different shapes

材質(zhì)各異

various materials

質(zhì)地堅(jiān)硬

hard texture

造型生動

vivid figure

色彩豐富

rich colours

風(fēng)格獨(dú)特

characteristic/unique style

刺繡

embroidery

泥人

clay figure

瓷器

porcelain; china

陶器

pottery; earthenware

青銅器

bronze ware

雕刻

to carve

圖章

seal

中國傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日

春節(jié)

the Spring Festival / Chinese New Year

除夕

Chinese New Year's Eve

年夜飯

annual reunion dinner

拜年

to pay a new year call

探親訪友

to (pay a) visit to relatives and friends

親朋好友

relatives and friends

大掃除

to thoroughly clean the house

驅(qū)厄運(yùn)

to sweep away ill fortune; to get rid of bad luck

去除災(zāi)難

to ward off evils

發(fā)紅包

to give money in red envelopes; to hand out red envelopes

歡度

...the celebration of..; to celebrate...

春聯(lián)

spring couplets

廟會

temple fair

民間藝人

folk artists

祭神

god-worshiping

爆竹，煙火

firecracker; firework(s)

年畫

(traditional) new year picture

壓歲錢

new year's gift-money

元宵節(jié)

the Lantern Festival

清明節(jié)

the Tomb-sweeping Day

端午節(jié)

the Dragon Boat Festival

中秋節(jié)

the Mid-autumn Day/Festival

重陽節(jié)

the Double-ninth Day

七夕節(jié)

the Double-seventh Day

舞龍

dragon dance

花燈

festival lantern

燈謎

lantern riddle

有益的智力活動

beneficial intellectual activity

中國結(jié)

Chinese kmot

舞獅

lion dance

賽龍舟

dragon boat race

賞月

to enjoy the full moon

登高

hill climbing

掃墓

to pay respects to the dead at sb.'s tomb

食物及烹飪方法

中國菜，中餐

Chinese cuisine

烹飪技I巧

cooking technique

煎

to fry

炒

to stir-fry

炸

to deep-fry

燴/燜/燉

to stew

蒸

to steam

煮

to boil

烘焙

to bake

烤

to roast

切條?

to cut to strips

切丁

to dice

切碎

to mince

磨碎

to grind

飲食習(xí)慣

dietary habit

特色食品?

special food

元宵

sweet sticky rice dumplings

年糕

rice cake

油條

deep-fried dough sticks

豆?jié){

soybean milk

饅頭

steamed bun

包子

steamed stuffed bun

拉面

hand-stretched noodles

豆腐

tofu; bean curd

麻花

fried dough twist

皮蛋

100-year egg;century egg

蛋炒飯

fried rice with egg

火鍋

hot pot

原料

ingredient

豬/牛肉丸

pork/beef ball

鴨肉

duck

蘑菇

mushroom

北京烤鴨

Beijing roast duck

素菜館

vegetarian restaurant

白酒

Chinese liquor

旅游交通

景點(diǎn)

tourist attraction; scenic spot

名勝古跡

places of interest

避暑勝地

summer resort

森林公園

forest park

自然保護(hù)區(qū)

nature reserve

自然景觀

natural scenery

人文景觀

human landscape

壯麗河山

magnificent scenery

古典山水園林

classical landscape garden

皇家園林

royal garden

中外游客

tourists from home and abroad

游樂園

amusement park

度假

to take a vacation; to go on holiday

門票

(entrance) ticket

免費(fèi)景區(qū)電子門票

free sightseeing ecoupon

星級酒店

star-rated hotel

高峰期

rush hour

人山人海，人滿為患

overcrowded; to be packed with overcrowded people

翻山越嶺

to climb mountains and hills

受到……的熱烈歡迎

to be warmly welcomed by...

豐富知識

to enrich one's knowledge

開闊視野

to broaden one's horizon

擴(kuò)大知識面

to enlarge the scope of knowledge

培養(yǎng)獨(dú)立性

to cultivate independence

運(yùn)輸工具

means of transportation

公共交通

public transport

地鐵站

subway station

候車室

waiting room

扣分處罰

point penalty

酒駕

drunk driving

終身禁駕

lifetime ban from driving

護(hù)照

passport

簽證有效期

validity of visa

散客

individual visitor

團(tuán)體游客

group visitor

地理環(huán)境

位于

to be located in/at

西部地區(qū)

western regions

省會

provincial capital

水域面積

water area

三面環(huán)山

to be surrounded by mountains on three sides

全長……公里

to stretch for... km/kilometers

面貌煥然一新

to take on a completely new look

高原

plateau

山峰

peak

淡水湖

freshwater lake

沿海港口

coastal port

植物園

botanical garden

氣候

climate

環(huán)境保護(hù)

environmental protection

提高全民環(huán)保意識

raise environmental awareness amongst the general public

環(huán)保產(chǎn)品

environment-friendly product

一次性產(chǎn)品

disposable product

開發(fā)可再生資源

to develop renewable resources

高能耗產(chǎn)業(yè)

energy-intensive industry

可持續(xù)發(fā)展

sustainable development

生態(tài)環(huán)境

the ecological environment

溫室效應(yīng)

greenhouse effect

污染物

pollutant

水土保持

water and soil conservation

降雨量

rainfall

物種滅絕

the extinction of bio-species

先污染后治理

to exert control after pollution

碳減排

carbon emission reduction

溫室氣體排放

greenhouse gas emission

二氧化碳

carbon dioxide

新能源汽車

green car

廢氣

exhaust gas

汽車尾氣排放

motor vehicle exhaust

發(fā)動機(jī)排量

engine displacement

零排放車輛

zero-emission vehicle

小排量汽車

small-displacement car

能源消耗

depletion of resources

能源危機(jī)

energy crisis

回收利用

to recycle

低碳城市化道路

way to low-carbon urbanization

城市化

urbanization

瀕臨滅絕/失傳

to be on the verge of extinction/loss

瀕危物種

endangered species

稀有物種

rare species

防護(hù)林帶

shelter belt

森林覆蓋率

forest coverage rate

改善土壤

soil improvement

地質(zhì)災(zāi)害

geological disaster

災(zāi)難

catastrophe; tragedy; disaster

不幸

misfortune

傷亡人員

casualty

死亡人數(shù)

death toll

臺風(fēng)

typhoon

火山爆發(fā)

volcanic eruption

地震

earthquake

洪水

flood

干旱

drought

商業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)

商界

business communities

互惠互利

mutual benefit

共同繁榮

common prosperity

需求

aggregate/total demand

總供給

aggregate supply

供過于求

supply exceeding demand

擴(kuò)大內(nèi)需

to expand domestic demand

購買力

purchasing power

財政預(yù)算

financial budget

經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家

economist

企業(yè)家

entrepreneur

經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化

economic globalization

區(qū)域性自由貿(mào)易區(qū)

regional free trade area

經(jīng)濟(jì)特區(qū)

special economic zone

計劃經(jīng)濟(jì)

planned economy

市場經(jīng)濟(jì)

market economy

市場調(diào)節(jié)

market regulation

市場多元化

market diversification

推動經(jīng)貿(mào)合作

to boost economic and trade cooperation

耐用消費(fèi)品

durable consumer goods

年末促銷

year-end promotion

團(tuán)購

group buying

壟斷

monopoly

壟斷行業(yè)

monopoly industry

市場占有率

market share

生產(chǎn)力，生產(chǎn)率

productivity

經(jīng)濟(jì)增長放緩

economic slowdown

金融組織

financial institution

商業(yè)信譽(yù)

commercial reputation

管理機(jī)制

management mechanism

國有企業(yè)

state-owned enterprises (SOEs)

集體企業(yè)

collectively-owned (partnership) enterprises

私營企業(yè)

private businesses

民營企業(yè)

privately-run businesses

中小企業(yè)

small and medium-sized enterprises

民間資本

private capital

民間投資

private investment

泡沫經(jīng)濟(jì)

bubble economy

經(jīng)濟(jì)過熱

overheating of economy

通貨膨脹

inflation

實(shí)體經(jīng)濟(jì)

the real economy

外匯儲備充足

sufficient foreign exchange reserve

國內(nèi)/國際貿(mào)易

domestic/international trade

對外貿(mào)易

foreign trade

貿(mào)易條件

terms of trade

不公平競爭

unfair competition

海關(guān)

customs

關(guān)稅

customs duty

水貨，走私貨

smuggled goods

產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量

product quality

高度評價

to speak highly of

物美價廉

competitive price and superior quality

銷量，銷售額

sales

存貨，庫存量

stocks

改善服務(wù)

to improve services

延長保修期

to extend maintenance

制造商，制造廠

manufacturer

原材料raw material

樣品

sample

大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)

mass production

年產(chǎn)量

annual output

勞動力密集型產(chǎn)業(yè)

labour intensive industry

知識密集型產(chǎn)業(yè)

knowledge intensive industry

工作歧視

discrimination in workplace

高消耗、高投入

high consumption,high investment

沿襲……模式

to continue with the model of....

住房抵押貸款

residential mortgage loan

分期付款

to pay by installment

信貸緊縮

credit squeeze

取錢

to withdraw money

利率

interest rate

找工作

to hunt for a job; job-hunting

招聘廣告

the want ads

職位

position; post; job vacancy/opening

求職信

application letter

工作簡歷

job resume;CV

填寫申請表

to fill in/out application form

接受職位

to accepttake the post

接任職位

to take over the position

工作面試

job interview

職業(yè)前景

job prospects

就業(yè)機(jī)會

job opportunity

工資待遇

pay offer

津貼

allowance

帶薪假

paid vacation

傷殘保險

disability insurance

失業(yè)保險

unemployment insurance

培訓(xùn)咨詢

training consultancy

專業(yè)技能

professional expertise

腦力勞動

mental work

體力勞動

labour/physical work

手工勞動

manual labour/work

工作時間

working time

加班

overtime

夜班

night shift

零工

odd job

股票

stock

資產(chǎn)

assets

利潤

profit

教育

普及教育

universal education

高等教育

higher education

象牙塔

ivory tower

正規(guī)院校

regular universities and colleges

軍校

military academy

九年義務(wù)教育

nine-year compulsory education

學(xué)前教育

preschool education

失學(xué)兒童

dropout

文盲

illiteracy; illiterate

受過良好教育的

well-educated

入學(xué)率

enrollment rate

適齡兒童入學(xué)率

enrollment rate for children of school age

高考

(university/college) entrance examination

考研

to take the entrance exams for postgraduate schools

讀研?

to attend graduate school

畢業(yè)典禮

commencement/graduation ceremony

畢業(yè)鑒定

graduation appraisal

畢業(yè)論文

a graduation dissertation/thesis/paper

畢業(yè)實(shí)習(xí)

graduation field work; to go out on in-ternships

授予學(xué)位

to confer an academic degree on sb.

博士學(xué)位

doctor's degree

碩士學(xué)位

master's degree

學(xué)士學(xué)位

bachelor's degree

在職博士生

on-job doctorate

研究生畢業(yè)證/學(xué)位證

graduate diploma/graduate degree's diploma

中專生

secondary specialized or technical school student

在校大學(xué)生

undergraduate

中小學(xué)

elementary/primary and middle/secondary schools

（大學(xué))擴(kuò)招

scale expansion

擴(kuò)大招生人數(shù)

to enlarge school enrollment/recruits

走讀生

extern; non-resident student

住校生

boarder

課外活動

extracurricular activity

必修課

required/compulsory course

選修課

elective/optional course

基礎(chǔ)課

basic course

專業(yè)課

specialized course

專業(yè)知識

specialized knowledge

開設(shè)課程

to offer a course

課程表

school schedule

教學(xué)大綱

teaching program; syllabus

學(xué)分制

credit system

補(bǔ)考

make-up examination

學(xué)年

school year

師資力量

teaching faculty

應(yīng)試教育exam-oriented education (system)

推進(jìn)素質(zhì)教育

to push ahead with education for all-around development

基本實(shí)現(xiàn)教育現(xiàn)代化

to basically modernize education

招生就業(yè)指導(dǎo)

enrollment and vocation guidance

競爭激烈

fierce competition

評價體系

evaluation system

選拔官員/人才

to select officials/talents

海外留學(xué)生

overseas student; international student

科技

信息時代

information age

信息爆炸

information explosion

高科技產(chǎn)品

high-tech product

電子設(shè)備

electronic device

智能手機(jī)

smartphone; intelligent handset

創(chuàng)新

innovation

研發(fā)

research and development

核心技術(shù)

core technology

電訊

telecommunication

硬件

hardware

軟件

software

搜索引擎

search engine

網(wǎng)頁瀏覽

web browsing

即時消息

instant message

視頻電話

video phone

文件傳輸

document transmission

在線社區(qū)

online community

社交模式

social networking

網(wǎng)上沖浪

to surf on the Internet

網(wǎng)民

netizen

活躍用戶

active user

對……上癮

to be/get addicted to...

計算機(jī)病毒

computer virus

虛擬世界

virtual world

網(wǎng)上購物

online shopping

電子商務(wù)

e-commerce

消費(fèi)理念

consumption concept

大眾媒體

mass media

出版商

publisher

電子版

electronic version

空間實(shí)驗(yàn)室

space laboratory

航天飛機(jī)

shuttle

衛(wèi)星

satellite

探測器

detector

社會生活

計劃生育

family planning

基本國策

a basic national/state policy

制定政策

to make a policy

(政策）生效、開始實(shí)施

to come into force/effect

幾世同堂的家庭

a family consisting of several generations

晚婚晚育

late marriage and late childbirth

搞好優(yōu)生優(yōu)育

to promote good prenatal and postnatal care

穩(wěn)定低生育水平

to stabilize the low birth rate

簡化審批程序

to simplify approval procedures

行政管理

administrative management

違反規(guī)定

to violate a rule/regulation

居委會

Community Association

掛失

to report the loss

補(bǔ)辦

to re-apply/re-register/post-register

戶籍

household registration

居住證

residence permit

少數(shù)民族

ethnic minority

過快增長

excessive growth

急劇下降

to be on the sharp decline

人口稠密/稀少

densely/sparsely populated

人口基數(shù)/密度/分布

population base/density/distribution

人口出生率

birth rate

人口增長的高峰期

baby boom

人口素質(zhì)

quality of the population

人口老齡化

aging of population

老齡化社會

aging society

城鎮(zhèn)化

urbanization

高樓大廈

high-rise/tall/high building

小康社會

well-off society

貧困家庭

poor family

和睦相處

to live in peace/harmony

中國特色社會主義

socialism with Chinese characteristics

推行可持續(xù)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略

to pursue the strategy of sustainable development

物質(zhì)文明

material civilization

精神文明

spiritual civilization

為人民服務(wù)

to serve the people

堅(jiān)持……的方針

to adhere to the principle of...

社會保障

social security

養(yǎng)老保險

retirement insurance

醫(yī)療保險

medical insurance

弱勢群體

disadvantaged group

單親

single parent

關(guān)心老齡人

to care for senior citizens

社會背景

social background

福利

welfare

福利彩票

welfare lotteries

醫(yī)療服務(wù)

medical service

基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)

infrastructure construction

縮短差距

to bridge/narrow the gap

滿足基本需求

to satisfy basic needs

社會效益

social benefit

健康管理

health management

應(yīng)運(yùn)而生

to appear accordingly; to emerge as required/needed

普通市民

ordinary resident

物價上漲

rising price

家政服務(wù)業(yè)

home services industry

建筑工地

construction site

農(nóng)產(chǎn)品

agricultural product

愛情告白

to express one's love

性騷擾

sexual harassment

貧富分化

disparity between the rich and the poor

網(wǎng)絡(luò)造謠

to fabricate online rumors

惡意侵害他人名譽(yù)

to harm the reputation of others maliciously

娛樂資訊

entertainment information

在線娛樂

online entertainment

當(dāng)?shù)匦侣?/p>

local news

簡訊

brief news

獲取信息

to obtain information

收視率

audience rating