原文網(wǎng)址 ↓

https://vcahospitals.com/know-your-pet/summer-toxins-to-avoid-with-your-pet

Summer Toxins to Avoid with Your Pet
避開夏日的寵物毒手

By Renee Schmid, DVM, DABVT, DABT; Ahna Brutlag, DVM, MS, DABT, DABVT

Summer is a great time to get outdoors and enjoy nature and the warm sunshine with your pet. Pets are inquisitive creatures and love to investigate their surroundings. Unfortunately, this trait can lead pets down the path of injury and illness. The following information will help you to avoid many summer dangers that can affect your pet. If you believe your pet ingested any item of concern, it is important to call your veterinarian or Pet Poison Helpline, a 24/7 animal poison control center, at 1-800-213-6680 right away to have the risk of poisoning assessed.

夏天是到戶外和你的寵物一起享受大自然和溫暖陽光的好時(shí)機(jī)。

很多寵物是好奇的寶寶，喜歡探索周圍的環(huán)境。

不幸的是，這種特質(zhì)會(huì)導(dǎo)致寵物寶寶們受傷和生病。

以下信息將幫助您避免夏季可能影響您的寵物的許多危險(xiǎn)毒手。

如果你認(rèn)為你的寵物攝入了任何值得關(guān)注的物品，
重要的是打電話給你的獸醫(yī)或?qū)櫸镏卸編椭鸁峋€，
一個(gè)24小時(shí)/7天的全天候動(dòng)物中毒控制中心，（國內(nèi)無）
1-800-213-6680（國內(nèi)無此熱線）立即進(jìn)行中毒風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評估。

Are mole and gopher baits safer than mouse and rat bait?

鼴鼠餌和地鼠餌比小鼠餌和大鼠餌安全嗎?

No. Mole and gopher bait is generally much more toxic to your dog and cat than most mouse or rat baits. It usually only takes a very small amount of these baits to cause significant, and sometimes fatal effects, even in large dogs. Most of these baits contain zinc phosphide or bromethalin. There is no antidote available for either of these ingredients and both can lead to rapidly developing, life- threatening signs of poisoning. Zinc phosphide baits are most commonly found in a “peanut” (pellet) form. Mole and gopher baits that contain bromethalin are often found in a worm or grub form.

不。

鼴鼠餌和地鼠餌通常比大多數(shù)小鼠或大鼠餌對犬和貓的毒性更大。

通常只需要非常少量的這些誘餌就會(huì)造成嚴(yán)重的，
有時(shí)甚至是致命的影響，
即使是在大型犬身上。

這些誘餌大多含有磷化鋅（zinc phosphide）或溴鼠胺（bromethalin）。

這兩種成分都沒有解毒劑，
它們都可能導(dǎo)致迅速漸進(jìn)性發(fā)展的，危及生命的中毒癥狀。

磷化鋅誘餌最常見的形式是“花生”(顆粒)形的。

含有溴鼠胺的鼴鼠餌和地鼠餌通常以蠕蟲或幼蟲的形式存在。

What are the clinical signs of mole and gopher bait poisoning？
鼴鼠餌和地鼠餌中毒的臨床癥狀是什么?

When bait containing zinc phosphide is ingested, it undergoes a chemical reaction with stomach acid to create toxic phosphine gas. This toxic gas will then cause vomiting, cardiovascular abnormalities, neurologic signs, as well as possible respiratory disorders. If untreated, these signs may lead to death. Signs will develop very quickly, usually starting with vomiting and excessive drooling, followed by tremors, difficulty breathing and a distended abdomen (bloat). Phosphine gas can be toxic to humans as well, making it important to keep your pet in a well-ventilated area, preferably outside, if vomiting develops. If you pet vomits in the car on the way to the vet, roll down the windows to avoid potentially breathing in the phosphine gas.

當(dāng)攝入含有磷化鋅的誘餌時(shí)，
它會(huì)與胃酸發(fā)生化學(xué)反應(yīng)，
產(chǎn)生有毒的磷化氫氣體（toxic phosphine gas，PH3）。

然后，這種有毒氣體會(huì)導(dǎo)致
嘔吐、心血管異常、神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)癥狀，以及可能的呼吸系統(tǒng)疾病。

如果不及時(shí)治療，這些癥狀可能導(dǎo)致死亡。

癥狀發(fā)展得很快，
通常開始是嘔吐和大量流口水，
隨后是震顫、呼吸困難和腹部膨大（脹氣）。

磷化氫氣體對人類也是有毒的，
因此，如果出現(xiàn)嘔吐，
請將寵物放在通風(fēng)良好的地方，最好是室外。

如果你的寵物在去看獸醫(yī)的路上在車?yán)飮I吐，
搖下車窗以避免吸入磷化氫氣體。

Bromethalin is a neurotoxin, and if ingested, cerebral edema (swelling of the brain) may occur. Other signs that may develop if a toxic amount is ingested include: mental dullness, incoordination, tremors, paralysis, and seizures.

溴鼠胺（Bromethalin）是一種神經(jīng)毒素，
如果攝入，可能會(huì)發(fā)生腦水腫(腦腫脹)。

如果攝入過量，可能出現(xiàn)的其他癥狀包括:
精神遲鈍、不協(xié)調(diào)、震顫、輕癱和抽搐發(fā)作。

How is mole and gopher bait poisoning treated?

鼴鼠餌和地鼠餌中毒如何治療?

While there is no antidote available for either zinc phosphide or bromethalin, aggressive treatment is very important to ensure the best chance of survival for your pet. Inducing vomiting is typically the first step in treatment but should not be done at home unless specifically instructed to do so by your veterinarian or Pet Poison Helpline. Unfortunately, there is no safe way to induce vomiting in cats at home.

雖然磷化鋅或溴鼠胺都沒有解毒劑，
但積極的治療對于確保寵物的最佳生存機(jī)會(huì)非常重要。

誘導(dǎo)嘔吐/催吐通常是治療的第一步，
但不應(yīng)該在家里進(jìn)行，
除非你的獸醫(yī)或?qū)櫸镏卸緹峋€特別指示這樣做。

不幸的是，
沒有安全的方法在家里誘導(dǎo)貓的嘔吐。

If vomiting cannot safely be induced, or if it has already happened, the next step may be administration of activated charcoal by your pet’s veterinarian to help minimize the amount of toxin absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. If zinc phosphide is ingested, pets will need to be monitored closely by your veterinarian for any stomach upset, bloat, cardiovascular abnormalities, neurologic signs, and respiratory distress. If bromethalin was ingested, multiple doses of activated charcoal and monitoring for the development of neurological abnormalities are needed. The pet should be hospitalized during monitoring.

如果不能安全地誘導(dǎo)嘔吐，或者已經(jīng)發(fā)生了嘔吐，
下一步可能是由寵物的獸醫(yī)給它攝入活性炭，
以幫助減少從胃腸道吸收的毒素的量。

如果攝入了磷化鋅，
獸醫(yī)需要密切監(jiān)測寵物是否有胃部不適、腹脹、心血管異常、神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)癥狀和呼吸窘迫。

如果攝入溴鼠胺，
則需要攝入更多次劑量的活性炭，
并監(jiān)測神經(jīng)癥狀的發(fā)展。

在監(jiān)測期間，寵物應(yīng)住院。

How do snail and slug baits affect dogs and cats?

蝸牛誘餌和蛞蝓誘餌對犬和貓有什么影響?

Some snail and slug baits are extremely poisonous to dogs and cats. They can contain metaldehyde or forms of iron and are typically available as pellets or granules. Metaldehyde poisoning causes clinical signs that have earned the name “shake and bake” due to the extreme tremors, seizures and high body temperatures that result. Other signs of poisoning include drooling, restlessness, vomiting, and difficulty walking. Treatment consists of intensive veterinary care, including treatment of tremors and seizures, temperature regulation, as well as supportive care to minimize prolonged signs. The iron-based baits tend to be safer than metaldehyde bait, but they can still cause stomach upset. Large exposures to iron-based baits can lead to iron toxicity which can cause signs such as your pet vomiting blood or having bloody diarrhea, cardiovascular effects, and liver failure. Treatment may include decontamination, medications to support the gastrointestinal tract, blood work monitoring, and potentially antidotal chelation therapy to lower concentrations of iron in the bloodstream.

一些蝸牛和蛞蝓的誘餌對犬和貓來說是劇毒的。

它們可以含有多聚乙醛（metaldehyde）或鐵的多種形式，
通常以微球或顆粒的形式提供。

多聚乙醛中毒導(dǎo)致的臨床癥狀被稱為“顫抖和烘烤 shake and bake?”，
因?yàn)樗鼤?huì)導(dǎo)致劇烈的震顫、抽搐發(fā)作和體溫升高。

中毒的其他癥狀包括
流口水、不安、嘔吐和行走困難。

治療包括重癥獸醫(yī)護(hù)理，
包括治療震顫和抽出發(fā)作、調(diào)節(jié)體溫，以及支持性護(hù)理，以盡量減少過久的癥狀。

鐵基誘餌往往比多聚乙醛誘餌更安全，
但它們?nèi)匀粫?huì)引起胃部不適。

大量接觸含鐵誘餌會(huì)導(dǎo)致鐵中毒，
這會(huì)導(dǎo)致你的寵物出現(xiàn)吐血或血性腹瀉、心血管疾病和肝功能衰竭等癥狀。

治療可能包括
脫毒、支持胃腸道的藥物、血液檢查監(jiān)測和潛在的解毒劑螯合治療，
以降低血液中的鐵濃度。

Are compost bins dangerous to dogs and cats?

堆肥箱對犬貓有危險(xiǎn)嗎?

Composting is great when done appropriately. Your compost should always be fenced off to keep pets and wildlife safe. These piles of decomposing and decaying organic matter have the potential to grow a mold called Penicillium crustosum which produces a tremor causing toxin called Penitrem A. Such toxins are referred to as “tremorgenic mycotoxins” and are toxic to both dogs and cats, as well as people and wildlife.

如果處理得當(dāng)，堆肥是很棒的。

你的堆肥應(yīng)該總是用柵欄隔開，
以保護(hù)寵物和野生動(dòng)物的安全。

這些成堆的分解和腐爛的有機(jī)物質(zhì)有可能生長出一種叫做
殼青霉/皮落青霉（Penicillium?crustosum）的霉菌，
這種霉菌會(huì)產(chǎn)生一種引起震顫的毒素，
這種毒素被稱為“震顫源性/致震顫性真菌毒素?tremorgenic mycotoxins”，
對犬貓、人和野生動(dòng)物都有毒。

What clinical signs occur with moldy food poisoning and how are they treated?

發(fā)霉性食物中毒有什么臨床癥狀?如何治療?

Eating even small amounts of moldy food containing tremorgenic mycotoxins can result in the development of clinical signs within only 30 minutes of ingestion. These signs include agitation, elevated temperature, panting, drooling, vomiting, hyper-responsiveness, and tremors which can lead to serious neurologic abnormalities including seizures.

即使食用少量含有震顫性真菌毒素的發(fā)霉食物，
也可在攝入后30分鐘內(nèi)出現(xiàn)臨床癥狀。

這些癥狀包括躁動(dòng)、體溫升高、喘氣、流口水、嘔吐、過度反應(yīng)性和震顫，
這些癥狀可導(dǎo)致包括抽搐發(fā)作在內(nèi)的嚴(yán)重神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)異常。

Prompt decontamination includes inducing vomiting and giving activated charcoal. These should only done if the pet is not showing signs of poisoning. Once signs develop, vomiting should NOT be induced and intensive supportive care with a veterinarian is necessary to minimize the severity of clinical signs.

迅速凈化/脫毒包括誘導(dǎo)嘔吐/催吐和給予活性炭。

只有在寵物沒有出現(xiàn)嚴(yán)重中毒癥狀的情況下才應(yīng)該這樣做。
（意識(shí)不清，吞咽不良時(shí)，催吐容易引起嗆咳甚至窒息！）

一旦出現(xiàn)癥狀，
則不應(yīng)進(jìn)行誘導(dǎo)嘔吐/催吐，
并有必要與獸醫(yī)進(jìn)行重癥支持性護(hù)理，
以盡量減少臨床癥狀的嚴(yán)重程度。

Are there garden vegetable plants that are not safe for dogs and cats?

有沒有對犬貓不安全的蔬菜?

For some people, one of the greatest enjoyments of the summertime is working in the garden and enjoying the rewards of their hard work when harvest arrives. However, there are plants and human foods that can be toxic to dogs and cats. These include:

對一些人來說，
夏天最大的樂趣之一就是在花園里干活，享受豐收時(shí)辛勤勞動(dòng)的回報(bào)。

然而，有些植物和人類食物可能對犬貓有毒。

這些包括:

• Tomato plants (the unripe fruit), which cause gastrointestinal irritation, incoordination, and weakness

• Rhubarb leaves, which cause kidney failure in large doses

• Onions and garlic, which result in red blood cell destruction and anemia

• Grapes or raisins, which cause acute kidney failure

  
  

• 番茄植物(未成熟的果實(shí))，會(huì)引起胃腸道刺激、不協(xié)調(diào)和虛弱

• 大黃的葉子，大劑量會(huì)導(dǎo)致腎衰竭

• 洋蔥和大蒜，導(dǎo)致紅細(xì)胞破壞和貧血

• 葡萄或葡萄干，會(huì)導(dǎo)致急性腎衰竭

If any of the above plants or foods are ingested, it is important to seek veterinary care right away to determine the treatment needed for your pet.

如果你的寵物攝入了上述植物或食物中的任何一種，
你必須立即尋求獸醫(yī)的幫助，
以確定你的寵物需要接受何種治療。

Are wild mushrooms safe for dogs and cats?

野生蘑菇對犬貓安全嗎?

There are many mushrooms that are non-toxic. However, there are also mushrooms that can cause gastrointestinal irritation, neurologic abnormalities, and liver failure. Identifying mushrooms can be very difficult, and it is important to seek veterinary care for your pet right away if any wild mushroom is ingested. Mushrooms purchased at a grocery store for human consumption are not expected to be a concern in pets.

有許多蘑菇是無毒的。

然而，也有蘑菇會(huì)引起胃腸道刺激、神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)異常和肝功能衰竭。

（野外）識(shí)別蘑菇是非常困難的，
如果你的寵物攝入了任何的野生蘑菇，
馬上找獸醫(yī)治療是很重要的。

在雜貨店購買的供人類食用的蘑菇
預(yù)計(jì)一般不會(huì)對寵物造成影響。

My pet loves to chew on mulch. Is there anything to worry about with this?

我的寵物喜歡啃地膜。這有什么需要擔(dān)心的嗎?

Many mulch products pose a foreign body and obstruction risk if ingested. Cocoa bean mulch may cause an additional problem due to the methylxanthine (theobromine and caffeine) content. Methylxanthines, in high enough doses, can cause vomiting, diarrhea, agitation, incoordination, tremors, elevated heart rate, elevated blood pressure and seizures. Early and aggressive veterinary care is important to minimize the severity of poisoning.

許多地膜產(chǎn)品在攝入后會(huì)造成異物和阻塞風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。

可可豆地膜可能會(huì)因?yàn)楹屑谆S嘌呤（methylxanthine）(可可堿 theobromine?和咖啡因 caffeine)而引起額外的問題。

甲基黃嘌呤如果劑量足夠大，
會(huì)導(dǎo)致嘔吐、腹瀉、躁動(dòng)、身體不協(xié)調(diào)、震顫、心率加快、血壓升高和抽搐發(fā)作。

早期和積極的獸醫(yī)護(hù)理
對于盡量減少中毒的嚴(yán)重程度很重要。

Are there outdoor chemicals to be concerned with in the summer?

夏天有室外化學(xué)物質(zhì)需要關(guān)注嗎?

Many people use fertilizers, herbicides, and pesticides throughout the summer months. All of these may pose a health risk to dogs and cats.

許多人在整個(gè)夏季可能會(huì)使用化肥、除草劑和殺蟲劑。

所有這些都可能對犬貓的健康構(gòu)成威脅。

Gastrointestinal upset is very common with fertilizer ingestion. Fertilizers that contain iron can result in significant health concerns if a large enough amount is ingested. Fertilizers can also contain bone, blood, or feather meal, which pets find to be very tasty. Ingestion of these types of fertilizers can lead to stomach upset and potentially pancreatitis. If the product is moldy, there is the potential for your pet to develop neurologic signs, just like with ingestion of compost.

腸胃不適是很常見的肥料攝入之后的癥狀。

含鐵肥料，如果攝入過多的鐵，會(huì)導(dǎo)致嚴(yán)重的健康問題。

肥料也可以含有骨頭，血液，或羽毛粉（feather meal），
寵物發(fā)現(xiàn)非常美味。

攝入這些類型的肥料會(huì)導(dǎo)致胃部不適，
并可能導(dǎo)致胰腺炎。

如果產(chǎn)品發(fā)霉了，
你的寵物就有可能出現(xiàn)神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)癥狀，
就像攝入堆肥一樣。

Herbicides rarely cause concerns other than mild gastrointestinal upset when used and applied according to the label directions, provided pets have been kept off the treated surfaces until the applied areas have been allowed to dry completely.

在按照標(biāo)簽說明使用和施用除草劑時(shí)，
除了輕微的腸胃不適外，很少會(huì)引起其他問題，

前提是在施用區(qū)域完全干燥之前，
不要讓寵物靠近處理過的表面。

While pesticides are much safer than they were 30 years ago, there are still some ingredients that may be more problematic than others. The majority of pesticides will cause vomiting and diarrhea; however, in large doses, certain ingredients can result in more significant problems including neurologic abnormalities. Some of the more problematic pesticides can include ingredients such as bifenthrin, carbamates (aldicarb, carbaryl, methomyl), and organophosphates (acephate, disulfoton).

雖然殺蟲劑比30年前的要安全得多，
但仍有一些成分可能比其他成分更有問題。

大多數(shù)農(nóng)藥會(huì)引起嘔吐和腹瀉;
然而，在大劑量下，
某些成分會(huì)導(dǎo)致更嚴(yán)重的問題，
包括神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)異常。

一些更有問題的農(nóng)藥可能包括
聯(lián)苯菊酯 bifenthrin、
氨基甲酸鹽?carbamates?
? ? (涕滅威/丁醛肟威 aldicarb、
? ? ?西維因/胺甲萘/甲萘威/加保利?carbaryl，
? ? ?滅多蟲/滅多威?methomyl)
和有機(jī)磷 organophosphates?
? ? (乙酰甲胺磷/高滅磷/多滅靈/脫麥隆/甲胺磷精胺/殺螨隆?acephate、
? ? ?乙拌磷/二硫松/敵死通 disulfoton?)等成分。

Due to the vast number of products available for lawn and pest control and the potential for harm to your pet, it is recommended to contact Pet Poison Helpline or your veterinarian to determine if your pet is in need of treatment.

由于有大量的產(chǎn)品可用于草坪和害蟲控制，
并且可能對您的寵物造成傷害，
建議您聯(lián)系寵物中毒熱線或您的獸醫(yī)，
以確定您的寵物是否需要治療。

Are blue green algae really a problem for my pet?

藍(lán)綠藻真的對我的寵物造成問題嗎?

Blue green algae are actually bacteria that can be found in fresh or brackish bodies of stagnant water and they typically thrive in the warm summer months. While lakes are a common source for blue green algae, they are also found along streams and riverbanks. Typically, these algal blooms are seen in any body of water with excess nutrients from fertilizer/manure run off . Blue green algal blooms have the appearance of a green, blue green, rusty, or brown film or mat collecting on the water’s edge. Blue green algae can produce various toxins that can affect your pet’s central nervous system, skin, and liver. If your pet is exposed to blue green algae by swimming in, or drinking contaminated water, they can become quite ill. Signs associated with exposure to blue green algae can develop quickly and include stomach upset, weakness, red skin, blister formation, tremors, seizures, coma, yellow skin or eyes, bleeding abnormalities, difficulty breathing, and even death.

藍(lán)綠藻（Blue green algae）實(shí)際上是一種細(xì)菌（bacteria），
可以在新鮮或微含鹽的死水中找到，
它們通常在溫暖的夏季茁壯成長。

雖然湖泊是藍(lán)綠藻的常見來源，
但它們也在溪流和河岸有發(fā)現(xiàn)。

通常，這些藻華（algal blooms）出現(xiàn)在任何從肥料/糞肥中流失的多余營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)的水體中。

藍(lán)綠色藻華的外觀為綠色、藍(lán)綠色、鐵銹色或棕色的薄膜或簇狀聚集在水邊。

藍(lán)藻會(huì)產(chǎn)生各種毒素，
影響寵物的中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)、皮膚和肝臟。

如果你的寵物通過游泳或飲用受污染的水而接觸到藍(lán)藻，
它們可能會(huì)患上嚴(yán)重疾病。

與接觸藍(lán)藻有關(guān)的癥狀可能會(huì)迅速發(fā)展，
包括胃部不適、無力、皮膚發(fā)紅、水皰形成、顫抖、抽搐發(fā)作、昏迷、皮膚或眼睛發(fā)黃、出血異常、呼吸困難，甚至死亡。

Before you let your pet go near a body of water, take a few minutes to do some investigating. Blue green algae are present throughout the United States and its occurrence is not only limited to summer months. Most states have blue green algae bloom maps during the summer due to its higher prevalence in warmer months. If there is a blue green algae bloom in the area, signs are often posted near the water. If your pet does get into water that may contain blue green algae, rinse your pet thoroughly with fresh water as soon as possible, rinse out their mouth, and contact your veterinarian or Pet Poison Helpline.

在你讓你的寵物靠近水體之前，
花幾分鐘做一些調(diào)查。

藍(lán)綠藻在美國隨處可見，
而且不僅限于夏季。

大多數(shù)州在夏季都有藍(lán)綠藻爆發(fā)地圖，
因?yàn)樗跍嘏脑路莞毡椤?/span>

如果該地區(qū)出現(xiàn)藍(lán)綠藻爆發(fā)，
通常會(huì)在水邊張貼標(biāo)志。

如果你的寵物確實(shí)進(jìn)入了可能含有藍(lán)綠藻的水中，
請盡快用淡水徹底沖洗你的寵物，沖洗它們的嘴，
并聯(lián)系你的獸醫(yī)或?qū)櫸镏卸厩笾鸁峋€。

Pet Poison Helpline, an animal poison control center based out of Minneapolis, MN is available 24/7 for pet owners and veterinary professionals that require assistance treating a potentially poisoned pet. The staff provides treatment advice for poisoning cases of all species, including dogs, cats, birds, small mammals, large animals and exotic species. As the most cost-effective option for animal poison control care, Pet Poison Helpline’s per incident fee includes follow-up consultations for the duration of the poison case. Pet Poison Helpline is available in North America by calling 800-213-6680. Additional information can be found online at?www.petpoisonhelpline.com

寵物中毒求助熱線（Pet Poison Helpline）是一家位于明尼蘇達(dá)州明尼阿波利斯市的動(dòng)物中毒控制中心，
全天候?yàn)閷櫸镏魅撕瞳F醫(yī)專業(yè)人員提供幫助，
幫助他們治療可能中毒的寵物。

所有動(dòng)物中毒個(gè)案，
包括犬、貓、鳥、小型哺乳動(dòng)物、大型動(dòng)物及異寵，
均可獲提供治療建議。

作為動(dòng)物中毒控制護(hù)理最具成本效益的選擇，
寵物中毒熱線的每次事件費(fèi)用包括中毒案件期間的后續(xù)咨詢。

寵物中毒幫助熱線在北美可撥打800-213-6680。
更多信息可以在www.petpoisonhelpline.com網(wǎng)站上找到。

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