「釋義」

工作倦怠指?jìng)€(gè)體在工作重壓下產(chǎn)生的身心疲勞與耗竭的狀態(tài)。最早由Herbert Freudenberger?于1974?年提出，?他認(rèn)為職業(yè)倦怠是一種最容易在助人行業(yè)中出現(xiàn)的情緒性耗竭的癥狀。

2019年5月份，世界衛(wèi)生組織將工作倦怠列入了《國(guó)際疾病分類(lèi)》。根據(jù)世衛(wèi)組織，工作倦怠是一種由慢性工作壓力導(dǎo)致的綜合癥，癥狀包含“精神耗盡、對(duì)工作的心里距離增加、對(duì)工作的負(fù)面感覺(jué)、以及工作效率的減少”。工作倦怠不被歸類(lèi)為一種醫(yī)學(xué)疾病。

「應(yīng)用場(chǎng)景」

斯坦福大學(xué)的研究人員在調(diào)查職場(chǎng)壓力如何影響美國(guó)的醫(yī)療費(fèi)用和死亡率時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)，這種壓力導(dǎo)致了近1900億美元的支出——大約占全國(guó)醫(yī)療保健支出費(fèi)用的8%——以及每年近12萬(wàn)人的死亡。在世界范圍內(nèi)，6.15億人患有抑郁癥和焦慮癥，而且根據(jù)世界衛(wèi)生組織最近的一項(xiàng)研究，這預(yù)計(jì)每年給全球勞動(dòng)力造成了1萬(wàn)億美元的生產(chǎn)力損失。醫(yī)生和護(hù)士等由激情所驅(qū)使以及護(hù)理性質(zhì)的崗位是最容易工作倦怠的，結(jié)果可能就意味著生死選擇；護(hù)理人員的自殺率明顯高于普通大眾——男性高出40%，女性高出130%。

When Stanford researchers looked into how workplace stress affects health costs and mortality in the United States (pdf), they found that it led to spending of nearly $190 billion — roughly 8% of national? healthcare outlays — and nearly 120,000 deaths each year. Worldwide, 615 million suffer from depression and anxiety and, according to a recent WHO study, which costs the global workforce an estimated $1 trillion in lost productivity each year. Passion-driven and caregiving roles such as doctors and nurses? are some of the most susceptible to burnout, and the consequences can mean life or death; suicide rates among caregivers are dramatically higher than that of the general public — 40% higher for men and 130% higher for women.

?

如果那些統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)不夠可怕，那就看看這樣的事實(shí)：根據(jù)美國(guó)心理學(xué)會(huì)的數(shù)據(jù)，沒(méi)有員工健康保障體系的企業(yè)離職率更高，生產(chǎn)率更低，醫(yī)療保健成本更高。在壓力大的企業(yè)，醫(yī)療保健支出比其他企業(yè)高出50%。職場(chǎng)壓力給美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)造成的損失估計(jì)超過(guò)5000億美元，每年有5500萬(wàn)個(gè)工作日因工作壓力而損失。美國(guó)心理學(xué)會(huì)的另一項(xiàng)研究聲稱(chēng)，工作倦怠的員工積極尋找另外工作的可能性是普通員工的2.6倍，請(qǐng)病假的可能性高出63%，看急診的可能性高出23%。

If those statistics aren’t scary enough, consider the fact that companies without systems to support the well-being of their employees have higher turnover, lower productivity, and higher healthcare costs, according to the American Psychological Association (APA). In high-pressure firms, healthcare costs are 50% greater than at other organizations. Workplace stress is estimated to cost the U.S. economy more than $500 billion dollars, and, each year, 550 million work days are lost due to stress on the job. Another study by the APA claims that burned-out employees are 2.6 times as likely to be actively seeking a different job, 63% more likely to take a sick day, and 23% more likely to visit the emergency room.

《預(yù)防工作倦怠攻略》

珍妮弗·莫斯

2020年2月刊

“Burnout Is About Your Workplace, Not Your People”

by Jennifer Moss

編輯：馬冰侖?