筆記：

外刊視頻｜《金融時(shí)報(bào)》：ChatGPT大火，人工智能時(shí)代要來了？

三言兩語雜貨社?2023-02-20 09:00?發(fā)表于廣東

第1&2段

“The age of AI is upon?us,” Microsoft’s chief executive?Satya Nadella declared last week.

The giant software company is certainly backing?its grand talk?with hard cash?and computing power. Last month, Microsoft announced it was investing a further $10bn in OpenAI, the San Francisco-based research company that has electrified the digital world with the launch of its ChatGPT language-generation model.

重點(diǎn)詞匯：

▲?chief executive：?首席執(zhí)行官：又稱Chief Executive Office (CEO)；

▲?hard cash?：現(xiàn)金：指硬幣和紙幣，和支票、信用卡等虛擬形式的資金相對(duì)；

▲?computing power?：計(jì)算能力、算力：指設(shè)備通過對(duì)信息數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行處理，實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)結(jié)果輸出的計(jì)算能力。

▲ ChatGPT?：全稱為??Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer，是由美國(guó)科技公司OpenAI開發(fā)的聊天機(jī)器人。能夠通過學(xué)習(xí)和理解人類的語言來進(jìn)行對(duì)話，還能完成撰寫郵件、視頻腳本、文案、翻譯、代碼，寫論文等任務(wù)。

Digital:adj.數(shù)字的，數(shù)字化的，手指的，數(shù)碼的，使用計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)的，數(shù)字顯示的

Digital media?數(shù)字媒體 digital age 數(shù)字時(shí)代

Electrify:v.使激動(dòng)的；使觸電的 adj.電氣化的???

難句解析：

Last month,?Microsoft announced?it was investing a further $10bn in OpenAI,?the San Francisco-based research company?that has electrified the digital world with?the launch of its ChatGPT language-generation model.

紅色部分為句子的主語和謂語動(dòng)詞，剩余部分為句子的賓語（賓語從句）；

紫色部分為賓語從句的主干；藍(lán)色+綠色部分為OpenAI的同位語；綠色部分為修飾research company的定語從句，核心結(jié)構(gòu)為that has electrified A with B

Launch:n.(產(chǎn)品的）上市

段落大意：ChatGPT為科技界帶來了驚喜，微軟重金扶持其開發(fā)公司OpenAI .

第3&4段

Within a week of opening up ChatGPT to the public, 1mn users were experimenting with?the super-sophisticated?chatbot to write reams of highly plausible?text at astonishing speed.

Such “l(fā)arge language models”, as they are called, are not new, but never before have they been made so widely?accessible. Even the British finance minister Jeremy Hunt (or his speechwriter)employed ChatGPT to compose?the introduction to his recent speech on innovation.

段落大意：chatGPT向公眾開放后，大量用戶測(cè)試了它的文本生成功能。大型語言模型并不是新鮮事物，但從未像現(xiàn)在一樣被廣泛使用。

重點(diǎn)詞匯：

▲?Experiment with/on sth. 做實(shí)驗(yàn)

▲Chatbot：聊天機(jī)器人

▲?sophisticated?adj.?先進(jìn)的，精密復(fù)雜的；

▲Plausible：adj.似乎有道理的，似乎可能的

▲?reams n.?大量的文字：非正式表達(dá)，

可以單獨(dú)使用，也可以使用搭配a reams of sth.「大段的……」，

例句如下：She wrote?reams?in the exam.她在考試中寫得很多。

Large language model:大型語言模型

Accessible:adj.可使用的

▲?finance minister?財(cái)政部長(zhǎng)：統(tǒng)稱。

英國(guó)的財(cái)政部長(zhǎng)具體頭銜為Chancellor of the Exchequer?「財(cái)政大臣」，其中?the Exchequer?指「英國(guó)財(cái)政部」；

▲?compose?vt.?創(chuàng)作、撰寫：常接講稿、信件、詩(shī)歌等賓語，也可以指作（曲）。衍生出兩個(gè)常用的名詞composer「作曲家」和composition「（文學(xué)、音樂）作品」。

難句解析：

Such “l(fā)arge language models”,?as they are called,?are not new,?but?never before have they been made so widely accessible.

并列連詞but連接了兩個(gè)完整的句子（分別是紅色部分和藍(lán)色部分）；紫色部分的插入語補(bǔ)充說明“l(fā)arge language models”；藍(lán)色部分中never before提前，表強(qiáng)調(diào)，句子部分倒裝，還原后的語序?yàn)門hey have never before been made so widely accessible.

第5&6段

Despite the broader tech market downturn, venture capital firms?have been?frenziedly pouring billions of dollars into?start-ups?to exploit the commercial opportunities of these“generative” AI models.

Trained on huge amounts of content drawn from?the internet, these models can also be used to generate computer code, images, audio and video. The next big thing in AI this year may well be the emergence?of multi-modal models?that mix several of these elements. “The quality and capabilities of generative models for imagery, video, and audio has shown truly stunning and extraordinary advances in2022,”wrote Jeff Dean,one of Google’s most senior AI researchers.

段落大意：風(fēng)投公司大力加碼發(fā)展生成AI。介紹了生成式AI模型的原理和功能，這種模型目前已取得驚人進(jìn)步，下一個(gè)階段可能期待“多模態(tài)模型”的進(jìn)展。

重點(diǎn)詞匯：

Despite:prep.任憑，盡管 n.凌辱，傷害，鄙視

In despite of :不管，盡管，任憑 despite oneself :不由自主的，身不由己的

Despite of 盡管，不管

Tech market:

Downturn:n.（商業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)的）衰退 the downturn in sales /trade

Economic downturn

▲?venture capital firm?風(fēng)險(xiǎn)投資公司：向有潛力的start-up?「初創(chuàng)公司」提供資金，協(xié)助其壯大業(yè)務(wù)、獲取更多投資或上市；

Frenziedly:adv.及其激動(dòng)地，狂亂的

Start-up:n.初創(chuàng)公司

Exploit：v.充分利用，發(fā)揮

▲?generative AI?生成式AI：一種特定類型的AI，在大型數(shù)據(jù)集上進(jìn)行訓(xùn)練，并使用機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)算法生成與訓(xùn)練數(shù)據(jù)相似的新內(nèi)容，如文本、圖像和音樂；

Draw A from B:從B獲取A

Code：n.代碼 v.編程序，編碼

Emergence：n.出現(xiàn)

Emerge：v.出現(xiàn)

▲?multi-modal model?多模態(tài)模型：模態(tài)是指一些表達(dá)或感知事物的方式，每一種信息的來源或者形式，都可以稱為一種模態(tài)。當(dāng)一個(gè)研究問題或數(shù)據(jù)集包含多個(gè)這樣的模態(tài)時(shí)，它就被描述為多模態(tài)，比如同時(shí)包含文本、語音和圖形信息的數(shù)據(jù)；

▲?may/might/can/could well?很可能。

Imagery:n.圖像

Stunning:adj.絕妙的，令人震撼的

第7段

Tech evangelists?argue that the widespread adoption?of generative AI opens up a new era in technology, just as the emergence of personal computers, smart phones and social media gave birth to?seemingly limitless business opportunities in earlier times. Generative AI may yet transform the creative industries,video games production and enterprise software,for example. One of the open?questions surrounding its use is whether it will strengthen the power of the tech incumbents, including Microsoft and Google, or stimulate?fresh competition from insurgent?start-ups, such as Cohere, Stability AI and You.com.

段落大意：技術(shù)傳播者宣稱生成式AI的廣泛使用可以帶來跨時(shí)代的革新，但這會(huì)鞏固現(xiàn)有巨頭的地位還是給新企業(yè)更多機(jī)會(huì)還不得而知。

重點(diǎn)詞匯：

▲?tech?evangelist?技術(shù)傳播者：evangelist是一個(gè)基督教術(shù)語，指的是「?jìng)鞑ゲ嫉勒摺?，但文中的tech evangelist和宗教并無關(guān)系，指的是一個(gè)科技公司內(nèi)部的職位「技術(shù)傳播者」，也叫tech advocate。這個(gè)崗位負(fù)責(zé)思考如何將新技術(shù)應(yīng)用在不同產(chǎn)業(yè)上，并且通過推廣讓別人感受到技術(shù)的價(jià)值；

Adoption:n.采用（想法，計(jì)劃等）

Gave birth to:

▲?yet adv.?終歸：yet的熟詞僻義，例句如下：I know she's alive and I'll find her?yet.我知道她還活著，我遲早會(huì)找到她。

▲?open question?未有定論的問題；

▲ 一組對(duì)立概念：tech incumbent「科技界的在位者」和insurgent start-up「起義的初創(chuàng)公司」，文中做的一組形象比喻，前者指谷歌、微軟等巨頭，后者指嘗試分一杯羹的初創(chuàng)企業(yè)。

Incumbent:n.在職者，現(xiàn)任者

In general ,incumbents have a 94percent chance of being reelected.

Stimulate:v.促進(jìn)，刺激

Insurgent:adj.起義的

難句解析：

One of the open questions surrounding its use?is?whether it will strengthen the power of the tech incumbents, including Microsoft and Google,?or stimulate fresh competition from insurgent start-ups, such as Cohere, Stability AI and You.com.

紅色部分為句子主語，is為系動(dòng)詞，剩余部分為表語；whether引導(dǎo)的表語從句的核心結(jié)構(gòu)為whether it?will?do A?or?do B；including...和such as...為兩個(gè)補(bǔ)充例子的插入語，分別解釋tech incumbents和insurgent start-ups

第8段

But the widespread adoption of generative AI is also?triggering concerns about the theft of copyright, the spread of disinformation and deepfakes?and the debasement?of knowledge on the world wide web. Generative AI systems are trained to produce the most statistically?probable answer, not the most accurate, and can “hallucinate” facts.ChatGPT has been described as“the greatest bullshitter ever”by Arvind Narayanan,a computer science professor at Princeton University.

段落大意：生成式AI引發(fā)了一系列擔(dān)憂，內(nèi)容的準(zhǔn)確性有待商榷

重點(diǎn)詞匯：

▲?生成式AI引發(fā)的一系列問題：theft of copyright?版權(quán)盜竊；the spread of disinformation?虛假信息的傳播；

deepfakes?深度偽造，合成詞，由deep learning+fake構(gòu)成；the debasement of knowledge on the world wide web?萬維網(wǎng)上的知識(shí)貶值。

Triggering：v.引發(fā)

Copyright:n.版權(quán)

Disinformation:n.虛假消息

Deepfake:深度偽造 =deep learning +fake

Debasement: n.降低

World wide web: = www 萬維網(wǎng)

Statistically:adv.從統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)來說

Probable:adj.可能發(fā)生的

Hallucinate:v.產(chǎn)生幻覺，用幻覺影響

Hallucination:n.幻覺

Bullshit:n.胡說，瞎扯

Bullshiter：n.胡說八道的人

Princeton University:普林斯頓大學(xué)

第9&10段

The digital gold rush?around generative AI may also be distracting us?from?more profound and productive uses of other machine learning models, according to one tech executive. While everyone is?fixated on the industry’s “shiny new toy”, researchers have been using machine learning systems to diagnose?cancers, model protein structures,?optimise electricity grids?and design components for heart valves, aero engines?or wind turbines.

The age of AI may well be upon us, but not quite in the way we — and our digital assistants —are currently all chatting about.

段落大意：過渡關(guān)注生成式AI可能會(huì)不利于其他AI應(yīng)用的發(fā)展，事實(shí)上其他AI技術(shù)已經(jīng)給各行各業(yè)帶來了切實(shí)幫助。哪怕AI時(shí)代真的到來，目前程度還不夠成熟。

重點(diǎn)詞匯：

▲?gold rush?淘金熱；

▲?distract sb. from sth.?使某人從某事分心；

Machine learning:機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)

▲?be fixated on sth.?專注于某事；

▲?AI的多項(xiàng)應(yīng)用：

diagnose cancers?診斷癌癥；

model protein structures?為蛋白質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)建模；

Model:v.建模

Protein structure:蛋白質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)

optimise electricity grids?優(yōu)化電網(wǎng)；

Optimise:v.優(yōu)化

Electricity grid:電網(wǎng)

design components for heart valves, aero engines or wind turbines?設(shè)計(jì)心臟瓣膜、航天發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)、風(fēng)力發(fā)電渦輪的部件。

Compoment:組件

Heart valve:心臟瓣膜

Aero engine:航空發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)，飛機(jī)引擎

Wind turbine:風(fēng)力渦輪發(fā)電機(jī)

難句解析：

The age of AI may well be upon us,?but not?quite in the way?we?— and our digital assistants?—?are currently all chatting about.

紅色部分為句子主干，剩余部分為句子的狀語，可以簡(jiǎn)化為but not in the way；藍(lán)色+綠色部分為修飾the way的定語從句，省略了that；綠色部分為插入語，補(bǔ)充從句的主語（we and our digital assistants），也可以起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用