民法典婚姻家庭編草案21日提請十三屆全國人大常委會三次審議。

草案三審稿對法定婚齡暫不做修改，維持現(xiàn)行婚姻法規(guī)定的結(jié)婚年齡：男不得早于二十二周歲，女不得早于二十周歲。

• A draft section on marriage and family of the civil code indicated China's legal age for marriage will remain unchanged at 22 for men and 20 for women.

• The draft law was submitted to the bimonthly session of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, China's top legislature, for third review on Monday.

據(jù)《中國青年報》報道，草案三審稿維持了現(xiàn)行法定婚齡的規(guī)定，認(rèn)為現(xiàn)行法定婚齡的規(guī)定已為廣大社會公眾所熟知和認(rèn)可，如果進行修改，屬于婚姻制度的重大調(diào)整，宜在進行充分的調(diào)查研究和科學(xué)的分析評估后再定。

• Review of the draft law suggested that the current policy on the legal marrying age is widely recognized and accepted. Any revision, which amounts to significant adjustment to the marriage system, requires ample research and sufficient scientific assessment.

人大代表建議修改

法定結(jié)婚年齡曾引發(fā)熱議

在今年的全國兩會上，針對我國當(dāng)下存在的人口問題，全國人大代表、貝達藥業(yè)董事長丁列明指出，現(xiàn)行法定結(jié)婚年齡及鼓勵晚婚晚育的規(guī)定已與我國當(dāng)前的人口發(fā)展形勢、生育政策等不相適應(yīng)，建議盡快對現(xiàn)行婚姻法的相關(guān)條款進行修訂。

丁列明指出，我國現(xiàn)行法定婚齡在國際上、我國歷史上均處于最高水平。從國際來看，大多數(shù)國家的法定婚齡在18歲至16歲。鑒此，現(xiàn)行法定結(jié)婚年齡及晚婚晚育的規(guī)定已與計劃生育政策和工作目標(biāo)不相適應(yīng)，需修訂完善。

• During this year's two sessions, Ding Lieming, founder and chairman of Zhejiang Beta Pharma Co Ltd and a deputy to the National People's Congress, suggested that the minimum legal age for marriage be reduced to 20 for men and 18 for women.

• According to Ding, China's current marriageable age, which is the highest in comparison to that of other countries, is no longer compatible for a society that sees its population rapidly aging.

在建議提出后，不少網(wǎng)友提出了反對意見。

• The suggestion was immediately opposed by many netizens.

趨勢：結(jié)婚率下降，結(jié)婚年齡推遲

近年來，選擇單身或晚婚的年輕人越來越多。數(shù)據(jù)顯示，去年中國結(jié)婚率跌至11年來最低點。

• Last year, 10.14 million couples registered to get married, 4.6 percent lower than in 2017. The marriage rate was 0.73 percent, down from 0.77 percent the year before, according to the Ministry of Civil Affairs.

• 民政部的數(shù)據(jù)顯示，去年全年中國結(jié)婚登記總數(shù)為1014萬對，同比下降4.6%。結(jié)婚率也從上一年的7.7‰降至7.3‰。

結(jié)婚年齡也不斷推遲，2017年，男女平均結(jié)婚年齡分別約為29歲和27歲，比2014年增加了約1歲。

• In 2017, the average age of men and women at first marriage was around 29 and 27, respectively, around a year increase compared with 2014.

另外，結(jié)婚率也出現(xiàn)了明顯的地域差異，經(jīng)濟越發(fā)達的地區(qū)結(jié)婚率越低。

2018年，上海、浙江的結(jié)婚率為全國倒數(shù)前兩名，上海結(jié)婚率為4.35‰，全國最低。

• In China, Shanghai had the lowest marriage rate last year－only 4.35 per thousand. Among the other places with a low marriage rate were Zhejiang and Guangdong provinces, and Beijing and Tianjin, which are also relatively well developed.

是什么造成了結(jié)婚率下跌和結(jié)婚年齡的推遲？專家學(xué)者們分析了以下幾個原因。

1.社會老齡化，適婚人口比重減少

中南財經(jīng)政法大學(xué)人口與健康研究中心主任石智雷指出，結(jié)婚率的下降與人口結(jié)構(gòu)關(guān)系很大，隨著老齡化的發(fā)展，結(jié)婚適齡人口的比重在相應(yīng)減少，這必然會導(dǎo)致一般結(jié)婚率的下降。

上海金融與法律研究院研究員劉遠舉也表示：

• The downturn in marriage rates is normal when considering the dwindling youth population, the main contributor to the trend.

• 考慮到年輕人口的減少，結(jié)婚率會下降便不奇怪了，這也是結(jié)婚率低的主要原因。

• "Due to the demographic structure, the marriage rate is expected to decrease further," he said.

• 他說：“由于人口結(jié)構(gòu)的變化，預(yù)計結(jié)婚率還會進一步下降。”

2.年輕人接受教育的時間延長了

此外，適婚的年輕群體中，接受教育的時間越長，結(jié)婚年齡也會越晚。

• Among young people of marriageable age, Liu said the longer periods of time people spend undergoing formal education have led to many to putting off marriage until later in life.

• 劉遠舉稱，適婚的年輕群體中，由于接受正規(guī)教育的時間延長了，因此很多人的結(jié)婚年齡也相應(yīng)推遲了。

3.結(jié)婚成本增加

買房育兒等生活成本的上升也是年輕人不敢輕易結(jié)婚的原因之一（the soaring costs of housing and child rearing in cities have fueled a growing unwillingness to start families）。

南開大學(xué)人口學(xué)教授李建民認(rèn)為：

• The decline in the marriage rate is closely related to the rising cost of getting married, especially the staggeringly high housing prices in some big cities and the increasing betrothal money a bridegroom has to give to the bride's parents. Marriage has become an economic issue as much as a social issue.

• 結(jié)婚率下降與結(jié)婚成本的增加有著密切聯(lián)系，尤其考慮到大城市高企的房價和高價的彩禮。如今結(jié)婚既是一個社會問題，也是一個經(jīng)濟問題。

4.網(wǎng)絡(luò)占據(jù)了情感空間

社會的多元化和社交媒體的發(fā)達也讓年輕人有了更多可寄托情感的事物。

中國社會科學(xué)院社會發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略研究院研究員葛道順認(rèn)為：

• The internet has had a big impact on people's interpersonal relations, marriage included.

• 互聯(lián)網(wǎng)對婚姻關(guān)系等人際關(guān)系的影響也十分巨大。

• With more time and emotions consumed on the internet, people's need for interpersonal attachment and real-life interactions are reduced.

• 人們在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上耗費的時間和情感越來越多，就越來越不需要人際間的情感聯(lián)系和現(xiàn)實生活中的互動。

5.女性結(jié)婚意愿降低

專家認(rèn)為，結(jié)婚率下降的另一個原因是選擇不結(jié)婚的人群比例在上升，尤其是女性。

南開大學(xué)教授原新表示，2015年全國30-34歲女性不結(jié)婚比例在6%左右，比1990年提高了10倍左右。

葛道順分析稱：

• With society becoming more inclusive and open, marriage is no longer the only way a woman can gain social status and success. This, to a large extent, has prompted a growing number of women to opt for a late marriage, or not marrying at all.

• 隨著社會越來越包容開放，婚姻已不再是女性獲得社會地位和成功的唯一方式，這在很大程度促使更多女性選擇晚婚甚至不婚。

美國國家公共電臺（NPR）也報道稱，中國結(jié)婚率的下跌是因為更多女性選擇晚婚，尤其是受教育程度較高、經(jīng)濟獨立的女性。

報道稱，雖然在中國的總?cè)丝诶锬行匀藬?shù)比女性多，但在過去的二十年中，大學(xué)里的女性人數(shù)已超過男性，這也導(dǎo)致了更多女性選擇晚婚。

• That means more women have career?trajectories?they don't want to jeopardize by marrying and having children while they're in their 20s and 30s. They're marrying later, or not at all.

• 這意味著更多的女性有自己的職業(yè)軌跡，她們不希望在自己二三十歲的時候讓婚姻和子女影響自己的職業(yè)生涯。她們選擇晚婚，甚至不結(jié)婚。

• trajectory: /tr??d?ekt?ri/ 軌道、軌跡

來源：中國日報雙語新聞（ID：Chinadaily_Mobile）

編輯：左卓?唐曉敏

記者：劉建娜

綜合：?中國青年報?中國日報 中新社

運營實習(xí)生：孫若馨