你會(huì)如何翻譯“要求”?
你會(huì)如何翻譯“要求出示48小時(shí)以內(nèi)核酸陰性證明?”
Request, require, demand, ask for?
(2023年年初)隨著防疫政策的放寬,國(guó)內(nèi)迎來(lái)了一波感染潮,越來(lái)越多國(guó)家宣布將對(duì)來(lái)自中國(guó)的旅客實(shí)施入境限制,例如要求出示48小時(shí)以內(nèi)的核酸陰性證明。
“要求”一詞最簡(jiǎn)單的說(shuō)法就是上面羅列的require / request / demand / ask for sth from sb 或 require sb to do sth。也可以說(shuō)impose sth on sb(強(qiáng)制要求)。這個(gè)句型是用國(guó)家作主語(yǔ)。
此外,也可以用旅客作主語(yǔ)。可以用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài):will be required to do,也可以用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài):must / will have to等。
大部分國(guó)家要求登機(jī)前提供48小時(shí)以內(nèi)的核酸證明?!暗菣C(jī)前”也有幾種不同的表達(dá)方式,例如:
prior to /?before boarding their flights(board可以做及物動(dòng)詞)
before?they board?(board也可以做不及物動(dòng)詞)。
有的也會(huì)說(shuō)成“出發(fā)前”:before departure, before travel, before travelling。
也可以用pre-departure(“出發(fā)前的”)作定語(yǔ)來(lái)修飾核酸證明。
也有一些國(guó)家要求抵達(dá)該國(guó)后進(jìn)行核酸檢測(cè),例如日本,這個(gè)時(shí)候就可以說(shuō)?do sth?upon arrival。
來(lái)看幾個(gè)例子:
require sth from sb
The UK will?require a pre-departure negative Covid-19 test from?passengers from China as of Jan. 5.Japan will?require a negative Covid-19 test?upon arrival?for travelers from mainland of China.
require?sb to do sth
France will?require travelers from China to provide a negative Covid test result?less than 48 hours before departure
impose sth on sb
Morocco will?impose a ban on?(禁止入境)people arriving from China, whatever their nationality, from Jan. 3.The United States will?impose mandatory Covid-19 tests on?travelers from China beginning on Jan. 5.
上面這個(gè)例子中的impose mandatory sth也可以改寫(xiě)為mandatory的動(dòng)詞形式mandate,常見(jiàn)用法:mandate sth, mandate that
India has?mandated a Covid-19 negative test report?for travelers arriving from China, Japan, South Korea and Thailand.
旅客作主語(yǔ)
Air travelers to Canada from China?must test negative for Covid-19?no more than two days before departure.?Travelers from China to Australia?will need to submit a negative COVID-19?test?from Jan. 5.All those arriving in France from China?must present a negative PCR test result?that was taken less than 48 hours before their flight.
以上。
如果想要翻譯的語(yǔ)言比較多樣化,在選用句型的時(shí)候,可以先考慮主語(yǔ) —— 源語(yǔ)言中的賓語(yǔ)在目標(biāo)語(yǔ)言中是否可以以及是否有必要換作主語(yǔ)。然后根據(jù)主語(yǔ)確定謂語(yǔ),動(dòng)詞的選用往往有很多可能性,細(xì)細(xì)研究起來(lái)還是很有意思的。