-ig and -i?

The -ig and -i? suffixes express a change of state. 

詞綴 -ig 和-i?的意思是狀態(tài)的改變 

-ig means to cause a change, while -i? means to experience a change, or change from one state to another:

-ig 的意思是引起改變，-i? 意思則是經(jīng)歷改變或者從一個狀態(tài)變換到另一狀態(tài)。

The above example show how the -ig and -i? suffixes can be used with adjectives.

上面的例子告訴我們-ig 和 –i?是怎么和形容詞一起使用的

As you can see in the examples above, verbs ending in -ig always require an object, while those ending in -i? never do.

正如你所見的上述例子，以-ig結(jié)尾的動詞通常需要一個賓語，而以-i?的動詞卻不用加賓語。

In grammatical terns, the -ig verbs are transitive, while the -i? verbs are intransitive.

用語法術(shù)語來說，-ig結(jié)尾的動詞是及物動詞，而以-i?的動詞是不及物動詞

Many verbs in English can be both transitive and intransitive, but this is not possible in Esperanto, in which verbs are normally either transitive or intransitive, but not both.

在英語里很多動詞既是及物動詞又是不及物動詞，但這在世界語里是不可能的，世界語動詞要么是及物動詞，要么就是不及物動詞，不能一腳踏兩船。

In English, we can say "The girl closed the window" and"The window closed" using the same verb, even thought the meaning is slightly different:

英語里，我們說“The girl closed the window（那個女孩關(guān)閉窗戶）”和“The window closed（窗戶關(guān)了）”盡管使用的是同一個動詞，但是它們的意思是明顯不同的：

in the first sentence the girl is acting on the window, while in the second the window became closed by itself.

第一句中，那個女孩把窗戶關(guān)了，而第二句話是窗戶它自己關(guān)了。（估計是被風(fēng)吹什么的）

Examples of English words that can be both transitive and intransitive include "to open", "to close", "to start","to finish", "to change" and "to move".

例子中的英語動詞既可以是及物動詞也可以是不及物動詞。包括"to open"（開）, "to close"（關(guān)）, "to start"（開始）, "to finish"（完成）, "to change（改變）"還有"to move"（移動）.

These verbs in Esperanto--malfermi, fermi, komenci, fini, ?angi, movi--are all transitive, and to make them intransitive you must add the suffix -i?:

這些世界語的動詞：malfermi, fermi, komenci, fini, ?angi,movi都是及物動詞，要是想讓他們變成不及物動詞，你就要加上后綴 -i?:

Here are some example sentences using words from the two charts above:

下面的表格是上面兩列表格中的單詞的例子

It is also possible to add the -i? ending to intransitive verbs like sidi (to sit, be sitting) and ku?i (to lie, be lying down).

像sidi（坐）和ku?i（躺）一類的不及物動詞上加后綴-i? 也是可以的

In this setting the addition of -i? indicates a change of position to achieve a new state:

這種方法表示一個狀態(tài)的改變到新的狀態(tài)

Li sidi?is sur la sofo. 

He sat down on the sofa. (He "became sitting" on the sofa.) 

他坐在沙發(fā)上（他坐到沙發(fā)上）

La hundo ku?i?is sur la planko.

The dog lay down on the floor. (The dog "became lying" on the floor.)

那只狗躺在地板上（那只狗躺到地板上）

原文:http://www.duolingo.cn/skill/eo/Verbs%3A-Ig-ig

封面:害怕 22版

另外，很感謝JECKETTRE先生指出貼吧譯文中的錯誤