Transcript

Note: This is not a word for word transcript??

Neil

Hello. This is 6 Minute English and I'm Neil.

Georgina

And I'm Georgina.

Neil

Now Georgina, what do you know about free diving?

Georgina

Free diving is a sport where people dive underwater as deep as they can without carrying air tanks, so just by holding their breath.

Neil

That’s right. We’re going to find out today about a world record free diver. But first a question – and this is a physics one. On dry land, at sea level, the pressure or weight of all the air above us is known as an atmosphere. How far underwater do you have to go until the weight of water is equal in pressure to another atmosphere? Is it:

A: 1 metre

B: 10 metres

C: 100 metres

What do you think, Georgina?

Georgina

Well, water is much heavier than air, but there is lot of air above us, many kilometres, so I don’t think one metre of water is heavy enough. Same for 10 metres. So, I think 100 metres is the equivalent of 1 atmosphere.

Neil

OK. We’ll find out if you are swimming comfortably or completely out of your depth later. Herbert Nitsch holds the world record for the deepest free dive. In 2012 he reached a depth of 253 metres. Recently he spoke on the BBC World Service radio programme, Outlook about his experiences. He spoke about how he trained himself to hold his breath for a long time.?Lungs?are the organs in the body that hold the air that we breathe in, and he says that he trains himself not by starting with a big breath, but when his lungs are already empty. Why is that?

Herbert Nitsch

The reason why I do the empty?lungs?is that the?urge?to breathe comes earlier and this is when the training starts. Because when you hold your breath on full?lungs,?the?urge?to breathe comes like a few minutes in, but the time up to that point is no training at all. Only the time you have the?urge?to breathe and fight against it, that’s the time you’re actually training.

Neil

So, why train with empty?lungs?

Georgina

Because you have to practise not breathing when you need to breathe.

Neil

Can you explain further?

Georgina

Of course. Normally our breathing is automatic. We don’t have to think about it. If you?holdyour breath there is a point when your body tells you that it’s time to breathe.

Neil

And at that point, most of us will take a breath, won’t we?

Georgina

Exactly. Our body and brain is telling us – go on, breathe, take a breath! This strong feeling to do something is called an?urge. To hold your breath for a long time you have to ignore that?urge, you have to fight against it. So to train to do that, it’s a waste of time taking a big breath, because holding your breath when you don’t need to breathe isn’t difficult – you have to practise fighting against that?urge?to breathe.

Neil

Nitsch did a lot of free diving in lakes in his home country of Austria. Diving in lakes is very different from diving in the ocean. Here he is describing the experience.

Herbert Nitsch

In the beginning it’s very?spooky, and yes, it’s not a pleasant feeling at all in the beginning. It’s something actually quite?intimidating, but after a while you get used to it and you learn to appreciate it actually that it’s so quiet. Quiet and you’re?deprived?of all?sensationsexcept the cold, of course, and so you hear your own heart beat because there’s absolutely no sound.

Neil

How does he describe the sensation?

Georgina

It’s very cold, dark and quiet when diving deep in lakes and at first he says the experience is?spooky. This means it’s a little scary and mysterious – in the same way we might find a graveyard at night?spooky?– that kind of feeling.

Neil

And he also says it’s?intimidating, which is a feeling of being frightened by something stronger and more powerful than you are.

Georgina

And you experience these feelings because you are?deprived?of all?sensations. When you are?deprived?of something, it means you don’t have it, it’s taken away. And?sensations?are the way we experience the world, so sound, sight and smell. Diving in cold, dark silent waters you are?deprived?of many of our usual sensations, and that is?spooky?and?intimidating.

Neil

Rather him than me. I don’t think I’d like that experience at all! Right, before we review our vocabulary, let’s have the answer to the quiz. How far underwater do you have to go until the weight of water is equal in pressure to another atmosphere? Georgina, what did you say?

Georgina

I thought 100 metres.

Neil

Well, that is actually the equivalent of 10 atmospheres! So the correct answer is 10 metres. Every 10 metres of depth in water is the equivalent to the weight and pressure of the air above us at sea level. There is a difference between fresh and salt water, but it’s not so much as to make your answer correct! Well done if you got that answer right.

Georgina

Well I was clearly out of my depth with that question.

Neil

You were! Now vocabulary. The part of our body that holds our breath is our?lungs.

Georgina

A very strong need or desire to do something, like breathe, is an?urge.

Neil

Something?spooky?is a little scary and mysterious.

Georgina

And it can also be?intimidating, which means it’s overpowering and frightening in a way that makes you less confident.

Neil

And to be?deprived?of?sensations, means to have certain feelings, like touch and hearing taken away. So Georgina, do you fancy free diving?

Georgina

Would I like to go hundreds of metres down in cold, dark, silent water without any breathing equipment? Let me think about that. I’ve thought about it – no thank you!

Neil

Not my cup of tea either – and speaking of tea, it is time for us to go and get a cuppa. That’s all from us today. Do join us next time and if you get lonely, you can find us online, on social media and on the BBC Learning English app. Goodbye for now.

Georgina

Bye!

Vocabulary

lungs

the organs in our body we use for breathing

urge

a strong need or desire to do something

spooky

scary and mysterious

intimidating

overpowering and frightening in a way that makes you lose confidence

to be deprived of

to not have something you usually have, to have something taken away

sensations

physical feelings and senses like sight and sound

雙語版Transcript

Hello. This is 6 Minute English and I'm Neil.

大家好，這里是六分鐘英語，我是尼爾。

And I'm Georgina.

我是喬治娜。

Now Georgina, what do you know about free diving?

喬治娜，你對自由潛水了解多少？

Free diving is a sport where people dive underwater as deep as they canwithout carrying air tanks, so just by holding their breath.

自由潛水是一項運動，人們不攜帶氧氣罐潛到盡可能深的水下，所以只要屏住呼吸就可以了。

That's right.

是的。

We're going to find out today about a world record free diver.

今天我們將了解一名打破世界紀錄的自由潛水者。

But first a question – and this is a physics one.

但首先有一個問題——而且是一個物理問題。

On dry land, at sea level, the pressure or weight of all the air above usis known as an atmosphere.

在陸地上，在海平面上，我們上方所有空氣的壓力或重量被稱為大氣。

How far underwater do you have to go until the weight of water is equal inpressure to another atmosphere?

你在水下多深的時候水壓相當于另一個大氣壓？

Is it: A: 1 metre, B: 10 metres, or C: 100 metres?

是A：?1米，B：?10米，還是C：?100米？

What do you think, Georgina?

你覺得呢，喬治娜？

Well, water is much heavier than air, but there is lot of air above us,many kilometres, so I don't think one metre of water is heavy enough.

嗯，水比空氣重得多，但是我們上面有很多空氣，有好幾千米，所以我不認為一米深的水夠重。

Same for 10 metres.

10米也是如此。

So, I think 100 metres is the equivalent of 1 atmosphere.

所以，我認為100米深等于1個大氣壓。

OK. We'll find out if you are swimming comfortably or completely out ofyour depth later.

好的。稍后我們就會知道那個深度你是游得舒服還是完全非你力所能及。

Herbert Nitsch holds the world record for the deepest free dive.

赫伯特·尼奇保持著自由潛水最深的世界紀錄。

In 2012 he reached a depth of 253 metres.

2012年，他到達了253米的深度。

Recently he spoke on the BBC World Service radio programme, Outlook abouthis experiences.

最近他在BBC全球服務節(jié)目Outlook中談到了自己的經(jīng)歷。

He spoke about how he trained himself to hold his breath for a long time.

他談到他是如何訓練自己長時間屏住呼吸的。

Lungs are the organs in the body that hold the air that we breathein,?and he says that he trains himself not by starting with a big breath,but when his lungs are already empty.

肺是身體里容納我們所呼吸空氣的器官，而且他說他訓練自己不是從深吸一口氣開始，而是當他肺里的空氣已經(jīng)排空的時候。

Why is that?

這是為什么呢？

The reason why I do the empty lungs is that the urge to breathe comesearlier and this is when the training starts.

排空肺部氣體的原因是呼吸的強烈欲望會來得更早，訓練就是這個時候開始的。

Because when you hold your breath on full lungs, the urge to breathe comeslike a few minutes in, but the time up to that point is no training at all.

因為當你在肺部全是氣體的狀態(tài)下屏住呼吸時，呼吸的強烈欲望會在幾分鐘后出現(xiàn)，但在那之前根本沒有訓練。

Only the time you have the urge to breathe and fight against it, that'sthe time you're actually training.

只有當你有強烈欲望去呼吸并與之抗爭的時候，才是你真正訓練的時候。

So, why train with empty lungs?

那么，為什么要排空肺部氣體訓練呢？

Because you have to practise not breathing when you need to breathe.

因為你必須練習需要呼吸時不呼吸。

Can you explain further?

你能進一步解釋一下嗎？

Of course.

當然。

Normally our breathing is automatic.

通常我們呼吸是自動的。

We don't have to think about it.

我們不需要考慮。

If you hold your breath there is a point when your body tells you thatit's time to breathe.

如果你屏住呼吸，那么在一個時間點你的身體會告訴你是時候呼吸了。

And at that point, most of us will take a breath, won't we?

而在那個時間點，我們大多數(shù)都會去呼吸，不是嗎？

Exactly. Our body and brain is telling us – go on, breathe, take a breath!

正是。我們的身體和大腦在告訴我們——繼續(xù)呼吸吧，喘口氣！

This strong feeling to do something is called an urge.

這種去做某事的強烈感覺被稱為一種強烈欲望。

To hold your breath for a long time you have to ignore that urge, you haveto fight against it.

要長時間屏住呼吸，你必須忽視這種強烈欲望，你必須與之抗爭。

So to train to do that, it's a waste of time taking a bigbreath,?because holding your breath when you don't need to breathe isn'tdifficult – you have to practise fighting against that urge to breathe.

所以要訓練那樣做，深呼吸就是浪費時間，因為當你不需要呼吸的時候，屏住呼吸并不困難——你必須練習應對那種想要呼吸的強烈欲望。

Nitsch did a lot of free diving in lakes in his home country of Austria.

尼奇在其祖國奧地利的湖里進行了很多次自由潛水。

Diving in lakes is very different from diving in the ocean.

在湖里潛水和在海里潛水很不一樣。

Here he is describing the experience.

他在這里描述了他的經(jīng)歷。

In the beginning it's very spooky, and yes, it's not a pleasant feeling atall in the beginning.

開始的時候很恐怖，是的，開始的時候一點都不愉快。

It's something actually quite intimidating, but after a while you get usedto it and you learn to appreciate it actually that it's so quiet.

它實際上是一件很嚇人的事情，但一段時間后你就會習慣，而且你會學會欣賞它的靜謐。

Quiet and you're deprived of all sensations except the cold, of course,and so you hear your own heart beat because there's absolutely no sound.

很安靜，當然，除了寒冷外你會失去所有的感覺，所以你會聽到自己的心跳，因為那里完全沒有聲音。

How does he describe the sensation?

他是如何描述這種感覺的？

It's very cold, dark and quiet when diving deep in lakes and at first hesays the experience is spooky.

在湖里潛水時非常寒冷、黑暗和安靜，而且他說一開始這種經(jīng)歷很恐怖。

This means it's a little scary and mysterious – in the same way we mightfind a graveyard at night spooky – that kind of feeling.

這指的是它有點嚇人，有點神秘——就像我們可能在晚上發(fā)現(xiàn)墓地那樣的恐怖——是那種感覺。

And he also says it's intimidating, which is a feeling of being frightenedby something stronger and more powerful than you are.

他還說這很嚇人，那是一種被比你更強大的東西嚇到的感覺。

And you experience these feelings because you are deprived of allsensations.

你感覺恐怖嚇人是因為你喪失了所有感覺。

When you are deprived of something, it means you don't have it, it's takenaway.

當你喪失某事物，那意味著你沒有它了，它被拿走了。

And sensations are the way we experience the world, so sound, sight andsmell.

感覺是我們感知世界的方式，那包括聽覺、視覺和嗅覺。

Diving in cold, dark silent waters you are deprived of many of our usualsensations, and that is spooky and intimidating.

在冰冷、黑暗、寂靜的水中潛水，你喪失了許多我們通常的感覺，那是恐怖嚇人的。

Rather him than me. I don't think I'd like that experience at all!

那是他，不是我。我想我一點也不喜歡那樣的經(jīng)歷！

Right, before we review our vocabulary, let's have the answer to the quiz.

好的，在我們復習詞匯之前，讓我們先揭曉今天測試問題的答案。

How far underwater do you have to go until the weight of water is equal inpressure to another atmosphere?

你在水下多深的時候水壓相當于另一個大氣壓？

Georgina, what did you say?

喬治娜，你說是什么？

I thought 100 metres.

我覺得是100米。

Well, that is actually the equivalent of 10 atmospheres!

好吧，那相當于10個大氣壓了！

So the correct answer is 10 metres.

所以正確答案是10米。

Every 10 metres of depth in water is the equivalent to the weight andpressure of the air above us at sea level.

每10米水深就相當于我們上方，海平面之上空氣的重量和壓力。

There is a difference between fresh and salt water, but it's not so muchas to make your answer correct!

淡水和咸水是有區(qū)別的，但它并不能使你的答案正確。

Well done if you got that answer right.

如果你答對了，那很不錯啊。

Well I was clearly out of my depth with that question.

那個問題顯然非我力所能及。

You were! Now vocabulary.

是的！現(xiàn)在詞匯部分。

The part of our body that holds our breath is our lungs.

我們身體中控制呼吸的部分是肺。

A very strong need or desire to do something, like breathe, is an urge.

做某事的強烈需要或渴望，如呼吸，是一種強烈欲望。

Something spooky is a little scary and mysterious.

恐怖的東西就是有點嚇人又神秘的東西。

And it can also be intimidating, which means it's overpowering andfrightening in a way that makes you less confident.

它也可以是嚇人的，這意味著它在某種程度上是壓倒性的和可怕的，它使你不那么自信。

And to be deprived of sensations, means to have certain feelings, liketouch and hearing taken away.

喪失感覺就意味著某種感覺被剝奪了，比如觸覺和聽覺。

So Georgina, do you fancy free diving?

喬治娜，你喜歡自由潛水嗎？

Well. Would I like to go hundreds of metres down in cold, dark, silentwater without any breathing equipment?

我想要在冰冷、黑暗、寂靜的水中不帶任何呼吸設備潛到幾百米深的地方嗎？

Let me think about that. I've thought about it – no thank you!

讓我想想。我已經(jīng)考慮過了——不，謝謝！

Not my cup of tea either – and speaking of tea, it is time for us to goand get a cuppa.

我也不想——說到茶，是時候結束節(jié)目去喝杯茶了。

That's all from us.

以上就是本期節(jié)目的全部內容。

Goodbye for now.

再見啦。

Bye!