castigate
音標(biāo)：
美音：/?k?st?ɡe?t/，英音：/?k?st?ɡe?t/

聽聽基本釋意：

見原文：https://engapi.com/article/4870

外刊例句：
Throughout 2016, he castigated Hillary Clinton for using a private email server instead of a secure government one.
整個(gè) 2016 年，他嚴(yán)厲批評(píng)希拉里·克林頓 (Hillary Clinton) 使用私人電子郵件服務(wù)器而不是安全的政府電子郵件服務(wù)器。
—New York Times

On Monday, Biden floated the possibility of a tax on energy giants’ profits if they refused to expand production, castigating firms for not doing enough to lower prices.
周一，拜登提出，如果能源巨頭拒絕擴(kuò)大產(chǎn)量，可能會(huì)對(duì)它們的利潤(rùn)征稅，并批評(píng)企業(yè)在降低價(jià)格方面做得不夠。
—Washington Post

Some called the outreach a political ploy amid a series of comments from the president blaming the oil companies for record-high prices and castigating them for their historically high profits.
一些人稱這種外展是一種政治策略，因?yàn)榭偨y(tǒng)發(fā)表了一系列言論，指責(zé)石油公司創(chuàng)下了歷史新高的油價(jià)，并嚴(yán)厲批評(píng)了它們創(chuàng)紀(jì)錄的高利潤(rùn)。
—Washington Post

基本釋意：
verb
inflict severe punishment on
v. <正式>嚴(yán)厲批評(píng)，申斥；苛評(píng)

同義詞：
chasten,chastise,correct,objurgate

短釋義：
Castigate means punish, and punish harshly, but the punishment is always a severe scolding. Sometimes it means criticize severely. Politicians in the Senate are always castigating each other for their alliances and opinions. Castigate and chasten, which also means “to reprimand” but is less severe, share the Latin root castus which means “pure.” Ideally, if you castigate someone, you mean to guide someone away from the wrong path and toward a more pure one. But it sure doesn’t feel like that when you’re being castigated!
當(dāng)您的意思是“以特別嚴(yán)厲的方式譴責(zé)”時(shí)，請(qǐng)使用嚴(yán)厲的懲罰。如果你不小心把咖啡灑在了姐姐最喜歡的毛衣上，你可能會(huì)擔(dān)心她發(fā)現(xiàn)后會(huì)責(zé)罵你。

長(zhǎng)釋義：
Castigate means punish, and punish harshly, but the punishment is always a severe scolding. Sometimes it means criticize severely. Politicians in the Senate are always castigating each other for their alliances and opinions. Castigate and chasten, which also means “to reprimand” but is less severe, share the Latin root castus which means “pure.” Ideally, if you castigate someone, you mean to guide someone away from the wrong path and toward a more pure one. But it sure doesn’t feel like that when you’re being castigated!
嚴(yán)厲的意思是懲罰，嚴(yán)厲地懲罰，但懲罰總是嚴(yán)厲的責(zé)罵。有時(shí)它意味著嚴(yán)厲批評(píng)。參議院的政客們總是互相批評(píng)他們的聯(lián)盟和觀點(diǎn)。 Castigate 和 chasten 也有“斥責(zé)”的意思，但不那么嚴(yán)厲，它們都有拉丁詞根castus，意思是“純潔”。理想情況下，如果你譴責(zé)某人，你的意思是引導(dǎo)某人遠(yuǎn)離錯(cuò)誤的道路，走向一條更純潔的道路。但當(dāng)你被責(zé)備時(shí)，你肯定不會(huì)有這樣的感覺！

文學(xué)例句：
He hated the idea of the black inferiority complex and castigated what he called the worship and idolization of the West and their ideas.
他憎恨黑人自卑感的觀念，并嚴(yán)厲斥責(zé)了他所謂的對(duì)西方及其思想的崇拜和偶像化。
—Long Walk to Freedom by Nelson Mandela

Social media users were quick to castigate Cavill for his views.
社交媒體用戶很快就批評(píng)了卡維爾的觀點(diǎn)。
—Henry Cavill apologises for comments on #MeToo by Staff and agencies

Social media users have been quick to castigate Cavill for his views.
社交媒體用戶很快就批評(píng)了卡維爾的觀點(diǎn)。
—Henry Cavill criticised for #MeToo comments by Andrew Pulver

詞源：
castigate?(v.)”to chastise, punish,” c. 1600, from Latin castigatus, past participle of castigare “to correct, set right; purify; chastise, punish,” from castus “pure” (see caste) + agere “to do” (from PIE root *ag- “to drive, draw out or forth, move”). The notion behind the word is “make someone pure by correction or reproof.” Compare purge (v.), from purus + agere. Related: Castigated; castigating; castigator; castigatory.If thou didst put this soure cold habit on To castigate thy pride, ’twere well. [Shakespeare, “Timon” IV.iii (1607)]Related entries & more

下面是詞源的翻譯（機(jī)器翻譯比較難翻，參考著看）
castigate (v.)“懲戒、懲罰” c． 1600，來(lái)自拉丁語(yǔ)castigatus，castigare的過去分詞“糾正，糾正；凈化；懲罰，懲罰”，來(lái)自castus“純粹”（參見caste）+agere“做”（來(lái)自PIE根*ag-“驅(qū)動(dòng)，拉出或向前，移動(dòng)”）。這個(gè)詞背后的含義是“通過糾正或責(zé)備使某人變得純潔”。比較 purge (v.)，源自 purus +agere。相關(guān)：嚴(yán)厲批評(píng)；嚴(yán)厲斥責(zé)；懲罰者；如果你把這個(gè)冷酷的習(xí)慣放在身上來(lái)懲罰你的驕傲，那很好。 [莎士比亞，“泰門”IV.iii (1607)]相關(guān)條目及更多