DAO 或“去中心化自治組織”能否成為建設(shè)下一個偉大城市的關(guān)鍵？實驗性城市學(xué)家 Scott Fitsimones 分享了這些任務(wù)驅(qū)動、區(qū)塊鏈管理、集體所有的組織如何提高建設(shè)城市的速度和效率（以及許多其他應(yīng)用程序）——同時以一種激進(jìn)的協(xié)作方式匯集決策權(quán)。聽聽他如何在懷俄明州購買了 40 英畝的土地并開始經(jīng)營“加密貨幣合作社”...

How do you start a new city??Turns out it's not easy.?You need to survey terrain,?get permission from a state, buy land,?convince people to move there.?And until Elon Musk gets us to Mars,?land is a finite resource.?And the good spots are probably all taken.

你如何開始一個新的城市？?事實證明這并不容易。?你需要勘測地形，?獲得州政府的許可，購買土地，?說服人們搬到那里。?在埃隆·馬斯克把我們帶到火星之前，?土地是一種有限的資源。?而好的地方可能都被占用了。

But what if we could start smaller, like really small??And just post on Twitter.?That's what I did,?because it allowed me to find people all over the world?willing to help me figure it out.?My new internet friends and I started a group chat,?pooled cryptocurrency,researched locations,?and three months later,?we bought 40 acres of land?near Yellowstone National Park in Wyoming.

但是，如果我們可以從更小的開始，比如非常小的開始呢？?只需在 Twitter 上發(fā)布。?這就是我所做的，?因為它讓我找到了世界各地?愿意幫助我解決問題的人。?我和我的新朋友開始了群聊，?匯集了加密貨幣，?研究了地點，?三個月后，我們?在懷俄明州的黃石國家公園附近購買了 40 英畝的土地。

Now we had a piece of land, a pool of money,?and a lot of decisions to make collectively.?That’s why we decided to start a DAO,?or a decentralized autonomous organization, called CityDAO.?A DAO is an internet native, blockchain-governed,collectively owned organization working towards a shared mission.?Most DAOs pool cryptocurrency in a treasury?where members vote on how it's used.

現(xiàn)在我們有了一塊土地，一大筆錢，?還有很多需要集體做出的決定。?這就是為什么我們決定創(chuàng)建一個 DAO，?或者一個去中心化的自治組織，稱為 CityDAO。?DAO 是一個互聯(lián)網(wǎng)原生的、由區(qū)塊鏈管理的、?集體所有的組織，致力于共同的使命。?大多數(shù) DAO 將加密貨幣集中在一個金庫?中，成員對其使用方式進(jìn)行投票。

In a traditional company,?a CEO works with executives to set the direction, the budgets?and hands priorities down the org chart to be implemented.?In a DAO, members act as peers,?contributing capital,?proposing and working on projects?and making decisions as a group.?Top-down management is replaced by blockchain-based rules?encoded in smart contracts.?For example, funding a project if a proposal passes.

在傳統(tǒng)公司中，?CEO 與高管一起制定方向、預(yù)算?并下達(dá)要實施的組織結(jié)構(gòu)圖的優(yōu)先級。?在 DAO 中，成員充當(dāng)同行、?貢獻(xiàn)資金、?提議和處理項目?并作為一個群體做出決策。?自上而下的管理被?智能合約中編碼的基于區(qū)塊鏈的規(guī)則所取代。?例如，如果提案通過，則為項目提供資金。

If a traditional company succeeds,?most of the wealth will accrue to a few founders,?some early employees?and investors who are generally already higher net-worth.?A DAO is a sort of crypto co-op,?giving a wider group of people the opportunity to own a piece,?participate in management?and share in the potential upside.

如果一家傳統(tǒng)公司成功了，?大部分財富將歸于少數(shù)創(chuàng)始人、?一些早期員工?和投資者，這些人通常已經(jīng)擁有較高的凈資產(chǎn)。?DAO 是一種加密合作社，?讓更多人有機會擁有一塊、?參與管理?并分享潛在的上行空間。

CityDAO grew out of my frustrations dealing with city bureaucracy and red tape?while building a start-up?that helps cities better utilize their empty parking lots.?It took us over three months?to get a permit just to sell parking in San Francisco.?And it was an archaic bureaucratic nightmare.?Things like putting a parking lot to higher and better use,?which my urbanist self really wants to do, like, you know, build a food truck park,?logistics hub, maybe even new housing,?a farmer's market.?These things are also really tedious, can take months, years,?or even just be illegal due to zoning laws.

CityDAO 源于我對處理城市官僚主義和繁文縟節(jié)的挫敗感，同時建立了一家?幫助城市更好地利用空置停車場的初創(chuàng)公司。?我們花了三個多月的時間才拿到在舊金山出售停車位的許可證。這是一個古老的官僚主義噩夢。諸如將停車場用于更高更好的使用，這是我的城市主義者自己真正想做的事情，例如，您知道，建造食品卡車公園，物流中心，甚至可能是新住房，農(nóng)貿(mào)市場。這些事情也非常乏味，可能需要數(shù)月、數(shù)年，甚至由于分區(qū)法而只是非法的。

CityDAO was among the first DAOs brave enough to buy land.And speaking of bureaucracy, it took us over a month to do sounder the current system.?We had to find an agent, coordinate tours,?make offers, wait for counteroffers,?put down a deposit,form an LLC, fill out paperwork.?At CityDAO, we imagine an on-chain city?where things like permitting, budgets,?laws, deeds and records,?they're all just transparent on a blockchain,?and smart contracts can speed up the transactions?and reduce bureaucracy.

CityDAO 是第一批勇敢購買土地的 DAO 之一。?說到官僚主義，在現(xiàn)行制度下，我們花了一個多月的時間才這樣做。?我們必須找到代理、協(xié)調(diào)旅游、提供報價、等待還價、支付押金、成立有限責(zé)任公司、填寫文書工作。在 CityDAO，我們想象一個鏈上城市，其中許可、預(yù)算、法律、契約和記錄等內(nèi)容在區(qū)塊鏈上都是透明的，智能合約可以加快交易速度并減少官僚主義。

Let me give you an example.?Things that used to take weeks,?like buying or selling land?or taking a loan out against your property,that could happen in seconds through a smart contract.

讓我給你舉個例子。?過去需要數(shù)周才能完成的事情，?例如買賣土地或為您的財產(chǎn)貸款，?通過智能合約可以在幾秒鐘內(nèi)完成。

DAOs are financial flash mobs,?often organizing seemingly overnight in pursuit of an idea.?They usually start out as a few people who have a big vision?but realize it will take a large collective effort to get it done.?So they usually start the community in a group chat server,?and the most common is called Discord.?We use Discord for weekly community calls?where people can share ideas and debate proposals.?In the server, channels are set up around teams and projects.?Instead of a formal boss,?each team has an elected facilitator who holds regular meetings.?People can contribute to the DAO full-time, part-time,?but one of the most common ways is through bounties,?where you hop in and out of the DAO,?taking on small tasks and contributing where you can.

DAO 是金融快閃族，?通常似乎在一夜之間組織起來以追求一個想法。?他們通常從幾個有遠(yuǎn)見的人開始，?但意識到要完成它需要大量的集體努力。?所以他們通常在群聊服務(wù)器中啟動社區(qū)，?最常見的就是所謂的 Discord。?我們使用 Discord 進(jìn)行每周一次的社區(qū)電話會議?，人們可以在這里分享想法和辯論提案。?在服務(wù)器中，圍繞團(tuán)隊和項目設(shè)置頻道。?每個團(tuán)隊都沒有正式的老板，而是?有一個選舉產(chǎn)生的促進(jìn)者定期舉行會議。?人們可以全職或兼職為 DAO 做出貢獻(xiàn)，?但最常見的方式之一是通過賞金，?你在哪里跳進(jìn)跳出 DAO，承擔(dān)小任務(wù)并盡你所能做出貢獻(xiàn)。

Most DAOs raised some initial funding by selling a governance token?that gives holders voting rights over DAO activities.?You can either buy these tokens on the open market?using a cryptocurrency like Ethereum,?or you can earn them by contributing to the DAO.?For example, things like designing a logo, researching or writing some code.?At CityDAO, we raised over six million dollars?from 5,000 people through our governance token called “Citizenship”.?Citizens get to vote in things like?where our next piece of land will be located.

大多數(shù) DAO 通過出售治理代幣籌集了一些初始資金，該代幣?賦予持有者對 DAO 活動的投票權(quán)。?您可以?使用以太坊等加密貨幣在公開市場上購買這些代幣，?也可以通過向 DAO 捐款來賺取這些代幣。?例如，設(shè)計徽標(biāo)、研究或編寫一些代碼之類的事情。?在 CityDAO，我們?通過稱為“公民身份”的治理代幣從 5,000 人那里籌集了超過 600 萬美元。?公民可以投票決定?我們下一塊土地的位置。

DAOs have been called group chats with a bank account.?And I know what you're thinking.?"Scott, sharing a bank account with my significant other?is already hard enough.?Now you're telling me I have to share one with 5,000 people on the internet?"

DAO 被稱為與銀行賬戶的群聊。?我知道你在想什么。?“斯科特，與我的另一半共享銀行賬戶?已經(jīng)夠難的了。?現(xiàn)在你告訴我我必須在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上與 5,000 人共享一個？”

Well, it's not that bad.?Blockchain helps fix this.?So funds live in a public blockchain treasury?where anyone can audit income and spending.?And any time spending or money transfers are involved,?the DAO approves it through a proposal.?Typically written by a DAO member,?a proposal starts as an idea that gets debated?and is put to a vote of the token holders.

好吧，這還不錯。?區(qū)塊鏈有助于解決這個問題。?因此，資金存放在公共區(qū)塊鏈金庫?中，任何人都可以在其中審計收入和支出。?并且涉及到任何時間花費或資金轉(zhuǎn)移，?DAO 通過提案予以批準(zhǔn)。?通常由 DAO 成員編寫，?提案從一個經(jīng)過辯論的想法開始，?并提交給代幣持有者投票。

For example,?one of the first proposals at CityDAO was, of course,?which piece of land to buy.?The DAO debated must-haves, nice-to-haves,?and DAO contributors combed through Wyoming land listings?and narrowed it down to the top three,outlining the pros and cons of each?and presenting the final proposal to the DAO for a vote.?We voted to acquire Parcel 0 near Cody, Wyoming.?Chosen for being close to an airport,?having an on-site well for water access,?and of course,?the most important criterion of all,?being near Kanye West.

例如，?CityDAO 的第一個提案當(dāng)然?是購買哪塊土地。?DAO 就必須具備的條件、值得擁有的條件進(jìn)行辯論，?DAO 的貢獻(xiàn)者梳理了懷俄明州的土地清單?，并將其縮小到前三名，?概述了每個方面的優(yōu)缺點，?并將最終提案提交給 DAO 進(jìn)行投票。?我們投票決定收購懷俄明州科迪附近的 Parcel 0。?選擇是因為靠近機場，?有現(xiàn)場水井，當(dāng)然，?最重要的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)?是靠近 Kanye West。

OK, OK, that wasn't really in the criteria,?but it just so happens?our piece of land in Wyoming is not far from Kanye's own Cody ranch.

好吧，好吧，這并不是真正的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，?但碰巧?我們在懷俄明州的這塊土地離 Kanye 自己的 Cody 牧場不遠(yuǎn)。

The next steps at CityDAO?are things like voting on what gets built on the land?and who gets to use it when.?Some other proposals floating around?are things like buying a piece of land in the Amazon for conservation?or building out a network of DAO-owned spaces?where citizens can visit at any time,?a decentralized city, perhaps.?Today we're seeing DAOs do all kinds of really interesting things together.?They're building products, they're investing in start-ups,?they're buying art and assets,they're funding research and raising money.

CityDAO 的下一步?是投票決定在土地上建造什么?以及誰可以在何時使用它。?其他一些漂浮?的提議包括在亞馬遜購買一塊土地進(jìn)行保護(hù)，或者建立一個 DAO 擁有的空間網(wǎng)絡(luò)?，公民可以隨時訪問?，也許是一個去中心化的城市。?今天我們看到 DAO 一起做各種非常有趣的事情。?他們在開發(fā)產(chǎn)品，他們在投資初創(chuàng)企業(yè)，?他們在購買藝術(shù)品和資產(chǎn)，?他們在資助研究和籌集資金。

Let's take a look at some examples.?ConstitutionDAO raised over 47 million dollars in seven days?in attempt to buy an original US Constitution copy.?It usually takes longer than seven days just to set up a company?and open a bank account.?Krause House is buying an NBA team and LinksDAO a golf course.?DAO members will likely get to participate in key things,?like who's coaching the team or where the golf course gets built.?PleasrDAO collects art and digital assets like NFTs.?They recently purchased the only copy in existence?of an unreleased Wu-Tang Clan album,?and DAO members are now the only people in the world?who can legally listen to it.?VectorDAO is a collective of designers?shaking up the agency model?where DAO members get ownership in each project they work on.?In DAOs like MetaCartel and Seed Club,?members review submissions from promising start-ups and projects?and decide on which ones to fund.?VitaDAO is funding research,?and more recently, UkraineDAO raised over six million dollars?to donate towards the Ukrainian defense effort.

讓我們看一些例子。?憲法 DAO 在 7 天內(nèi)籌集了超過 4700 萬美元，?試圖購買美國憲法原件。?成立公司?和開立銀行賬戶通常需要超過 7 天的時間。?Krause House 正在購買一支 NBA 球隊，而 LinksDAO 正在購買一座高爾夫球場。?DAO 成員可能會參與關(guān)鍵事務(wù)，?例如誰在執(zhí)教球隊或高爾夫球場的建造地點。?PleasrDAO 收集藝術(shù)品和數(shù)字資產(chǎn)，例如 NFT。?他們最近購買了唯一?一張未發(fā)行的 Wu-Tang Clan 專輯，?而 DAO 成員現(xiàn)在是世界上?唯一可以合法收聽這張專輯的人。?VectorDAO 是一個設(shè)計師的集體?改變DAO 成員在他們從事的每個項目中獲得所有權(quán)?的代理模式。在 MetaCartel 和 Seed Club 等 DAO 中，?成員審查有前途的初創(chuàng)公司和項目的提交，?并決定資助哪些。?VitaDAO 正在資助研究，?最近，UkraineDAO 籌集了超過 600 萬美元?用于捐贈給烏克蘭的國防工作。

It’s still early for DAOs,?and they certainly aren't for everything.They require a level of consensus building?and might move slower than a company?who has a boss who can just call the shots.?After all, ConstitutionDAO was outbid at Sotheby's auction house?by the CEO of Citadel.?And some say the transparency and decentralization?made it hard for the DAO to coordinate and win the auction.?And while traditional corporate structures are battle-tested,?DAOs are a new type of entity?that can find themselves in uncharted regulatory waters.?To help solve some of these issues,?states like Wyoming are putting laws on the books that recognize DAOs.?And we actually used one of these laws to buy our first piece of land at CityDAO,?that's why it's in Wyoming.

對于 DAO 來說，現(xiàn)在還為時過早，?而且它們當(dāng)然不是萬能的。?他們需要建立一定程度的共識?，并且可能比?擁有可以發(fā)號施令的老板的公司更慢。?畢竟，ConstitutionDAO 在蘇富比拍賣行?被 Citadel 的首席執(zhí)行官出價超過。?有人說，透明度和去中心化?使得 DAO 很難協(xié)調(diào)并贏得拍賣。?雖然傳統(tǒng)的公司結(jié)構(gòu)經(jīng)過了實戰(zhàn)考驗，但?DAO 是一種新型實體?，可以發(fā)現(xiàn)自己處于未知的監(jiān)管水域。?為了幫助解決其中一些問題，?懷俄明州等州正在將法律寫入承認(rèn) DAO 的書籍。?我們實際上使用其中一個法律在 CityDAO 購買了我們的第一塊土地，?這就是為什么它在懷俄明州。

Once we work out the kinks,?DAOs have the potential to increase economic opportunity?and allow more people to share in the upsides of ownership.?Things like real estate, sports teams, fine art.?These are things that would typically be owned?by a single, high net-worth individual?that today DAOs are buying and democratizing.

一旦我們解決了問題，?DAO 就有可能增加經(jīng)濟(jì)機會?并讓更多人分享所有權(quán)的好處。?諸如房地產(chǎn)、運動隊、美術(shù)之類的東西。?這些東西通常?由一個高凈值個人擁有?，如今 DAO 正在購買這些東西并使其民主化。

Imagine if the next social network or ride-hailing app were a DAO.And each time you posted valuable content or put in late-nights driving,?you got little pieces of ownership in that platform.?And since ownership means voting rights in DAOs,?you can use your new voting power to propose changes to the platform?if you think that there's a fairer or better way to do things.

想象一下，如果下一個社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)或叫車應(yīng)用是 DAO。?每次您發(fā)布有價值的內(nèi)容或進(jìn)行深夜駕駛時，?您都會在該平臺上獲得少量所有權(quán)。?由于所有權(quán)意味著 DAO 中的投票權(quán)，?如果您認(rèn)為有更公平或更好的做事方式，您可以使用您的新投票權(quán)來提議對平臺進(jìn)行更改。

Agriculture enabled us to live in cities.?The internet let us share information globally.?And today, DAOs let us work together,?trust each other?and coordinate in a fairer way?on larger-scale problems than ever before.?And maybe a DAO can even build the next great city.

農(nóng)業(yè)使我們能夠生活在城市中。?互聯(lián)網(wǎng)讓我們在全球范圍內(nèi)共享信息。?而今天，DAO 讓我們一起工作、?相互信任?，并以比以往任何時候都更公平的方式協(xié)調(diào)解決更?大規(guī)模的問題。?也許一個 DAO 甚至可以建造下一個偉大的城市。