?·單詞

mutilate?v.????使殘缺不全

????·He was mutilated in a car accident and lost one arm.????他在一次車禍中致殘，失去了一只胳膊

????·The painting has been mutilated by a boy.????這幅畫被一個(gè)男孩弄壞了

????·類似詞匯：maim?vt.????使殘廢

? ? ? ? ·One man has lost his life; another has been maimed.????一個(gè)人失去了生命;另一人致殘

? ? ·類似詞匯：paralyze?vt.????使麻痹；使癱瘓

????????·The accident left him paralyzed from the waist down.????那次事故使他腰部以下癱瘓

? ? ·類似詞匯：cripple?v.????使殘疾，使成為跛子

? ? ·類似詞匯：disable?v.????使喪失能力，使傷殘

????????·the disabled?n.????殘疾人

????????·the handicapped n.????殘疾人

????????·the physically challenged????殘疾人士

????????·the mentally challenged????智障人士

????????·the horizontally challenged????肥胖癥患者

????????·the vertically challenged? ? 侏儒癥患者

chew v.????咀嚼

????·Here, take this pill, and don’t chew it.????給，把這藥丸吃下去，不要嚼

????????·Swallow this tablet.????吞下這片藥片

????·與之有關(guān)的單詞

????????·bite?v.????咬

????????????·bite off more than one can chew.????嘗試做太多事情，承擔(dān)或嘗試超出自己能力范圍的事情。沒(méi)有金剛鉆，別攬瓷器活

????????·swallow?v.????吞下；n.????燕子

????????·gobble?v.????狼吞虎咽，大口吞食

????????·devour?v.????狼吞虎咽地吃；如饑似渴地閱讀，熱切地看

????????????·Only two stray dogs benefited from all this confusion, for they greedily devoured what was left of the cake.????只有兩只流浪狗從這場(chǎng)混亂中受益，因?yàn)樗鼈冐澙返爻缘袅耸Ｏ碌牡案?/p>

????????·nibble?v.????啃，小口咬；反復(fù)輕咬

????????????·Eagles catch snakes that gobble toads that swallow insects that nibble green leaves.????老鷹抓蛇，蛇吃蟾蜍，蟾蜍吃昆蟲，昆蟲啃綠葉

fiancé?n.????未婚夫 (法語(yǔ))

????·fiancée n.????未婚妻?(法語(yǔ))

????·husband-to-be????未婚夫

?? ?·bride-to-be????準(zhǔn)新娘

????·groom/bridegroom n.????新郎

????·bride?n.????新娘

????·bridesmaid n.????女儐相

????·maid of honor n.????伴娘

????·groomsman????男儐相

????·best man????新郎伴郎

????·newlyweds?n.????新婚夫婦????

????·happy couple????幸福的一對(duì)：指一對(duì)相親相愛(ài)、生活幸福的戀人或夫妻

????????·Armed with the right tools and materials newlyweds gaily embark on the task of decorating their own homes.????新婚夫婦帶著合適的工具和材料，高高興興地開(kāi)始裝飾他們自己的家

microwave n.????微波，微波爐

oven n.????爐灶 (沒(méi)有明火的)

????·microwave?oven????微波爐

????·stove?n.????（取暖或烹飪用的）爐子，火爐

????·gas cooker????燃?xì)庠?/span>

????·fireplace?n.????壁爐

????·furnace?n.????火爐，熔爐

safekeeping n.????妥善保管

Newcastle n.????紐卡斯?fàn)?英國(guó)港市)

identify v.????鑒定，識(shí)別

spokeswoman n.????女發(fā)言人

????·spokesman????男發(fā)言人

????·spokesperson????發(fā)言人

????·chairman????男主席

????·chairwoman????女主席

????·chairperson????主席

????????·W: The dean just announced that Dr. Jeffries is going to take over as Chairperson of the English Dept.????院長(zhǎng)剛剛宣布杰弗里斯博士將接任英語(yǔ)系主任一職

????????·M: I knew it all along. He was the obvious choice.????我一直都知道。他是顯而易見(jiàn)的人選

????????????·all along????自始至終，一直

·課文講解

????Has it ever happened to you? Have you ever put your trousers in the washing machine and then remembered there was a large bank note in your back pocket? When you rescued your trousers, did you find the note was whiter than white? People who live in Britain needn’t despair when they make mistakes like this (and a lot of people do)! Fortunately for them, the Bank of England has a team called Mutilated Ladies which deals with claims from people who fed their money to a machine or to their dog. Dogs, it seems,?love to chew up money!

????A recent case concerns Jane Butlin whose fiancé, John, runs a successful furniture business. John had a very good day and put his wallet containing ￡ 3,000 into the microwave oven for safekeeping. Then he and Jane went horse-riding. When they got home, Jane cooked their dinner in the microwave oven and without realizing it, cooked her fiancé’s wallet as well. Imagine their dismay when they found a beautifully-cooked wallet and notes turned to ash! John went to see his bank manager who sent the remains of wallet and the money to the special department of the Bank of England in Newcastle:?the Mutilated Ladies! They examined the remains and John got all his money back. 'So long as there’s something to identify, we will give people their money back,'?said a spokeswoman for the Bank. 'Last year, we paid ￡ 1.5m on 21,000 claims.'

*Damaged bank notes. The Queen’s head appears on English bank notes, and 'lady' refers to this.

Has it ever happened to you??

????·happen to do????碰巧做某事

????·sth. happen to sb.????某事情發(fā)生在某人身上

????????·可替換為：come up

????????·Has it ever?come up?to?you??

????·sth. occur to sb.????某人想到了某事

????????·A car accident happened to him.????一場(chǎng)車禍發(fā)生在他身上

????????·A good idea occurred to me.????我想到了一個(gè)好主意

Have you ever put your trousers in the washing machine and then remembered there was a large bank note in your back pocket?

????·remember/recall/recollect sth.????回憶起某事

????????·We can perhaps forgive those who said the moons of Jupiter were produced by Galileo's spyglass if we?recall that in his day, as for centuries before, curved glass was the popular contrivance for producing not truth but illusion, untruth; and if a single curved glass would distort nature, how much more would a pair of them?????我們也許可以原諒那些說(shuō)木星的衛(wèi)星是由伽利略的望遠(yuǎn)鏡產(chǎn)生的人，如果我們回想一下，在他那個(gè)時(shí)代，就像幾個(gè)世紀(jì)以前一樣，曲面玻璃是一種流行的發(fā)明，它產(chǎn)生的不是真理，而是錯(cuò)覺(jué)，不是真理;如果一塊彎曲的玻璃會(huì)扭曲自然，那么一對(duì)彎曲的玻璃又會(huì)扭曲多少呢?

????????·She could no longer recollect the details of the letter.????她再也想不起那封信的細(xì)節(jié)了

? ? ????·remind sb. of sth.????使某人回憶起某事?????????

????????????·As its composition and line reminded him of an ltalian painting he knew well, he decided to buy it.????由于這幅畫的構(gòu)圖和線條讓他想起了一幅他熟悉的意大利畫，他決定買下它

????·bank note/banknote/note????鈔票 (英)

????????·bill n.????鈔票 (美)；（商品、服務(wù)或餐館的）賬單

????????????·a fake/counterfeit $20 bill????一張20美元的假鈔

????????·coin n.????硬幣

????????·change n.????零錢 (不可數(shù))

????????????·I carry no change on me.????我沒(méi)帶零錢

When you rescued your trousers, did you find the note was whiter than white?

????·rescue/save?v.????營(yíng)救，援救

????????·When a passing tanker rescued them five days later, both men were genuiney sorry that they had to leave.????五天后，當(dāng)一艘路過(guò)的油輪把他們救起時(shí)，兩人都對(duì)不得不離開(kāi)感到由衷的遺憾

????????·Vince is a fireman.????Wow! Have you ever rescued anyone from a burning building before?????文斯是個(gè)消防員。哇!你以前從著火的大樓里救過(guò)人嗎?

????????·come/go to one's rescue????去援救某人

????????????·When John was in trouble, everyone went to his rescue.????當(dāng)約翰遇到麻煩時(shí)，每個(gè)人都去救他

????????·pick up sb.????去接某人/用飛機(jī)輪船解救某人

????????????·The 'Antoinette' floated on the water until Latham was picked up by a ship.????“安托瓦內(nèi)特”號(hào)一直漂浮在水面上，直到萊瑟姆被一艘船救起

????????·salvage ... from ...????救助 … 從 …

????????????·He tried desperately to salvage belongings from the burning house.????

他拼命地從著火的房子里搶救財(cái)物

????????????·The captain of the Elkor ordered his men to salvage as much as possible from the wreck.????埃爾科號(hào)的船長(zhǎng)命令他的船員盡可能多地從沉船中打撈

????????·savior/saviour?n.????救世主；救星；救助者；救命恩人

????????????·a knight in shining arrmor????穿著閃亮盔甲的騎士；大救星，救命恩人

????????????????·I don't know who you are, Nick. You just magically show up like some knight in shining armor, ready to save the day...

????????????????????·save?the day????力挽狂瀾

????·whiter than white? ? 這是英國(guó)有關(guān)洗衣粉的電視廣告中常用的一句話。這里的意思是紙幣上的字跡、圖案均被洗掉了,可以譯為“比白紙還白”。

People who live in Britain needn’t despair when they make mistakes like this (and a lot of people do)!

????·despair of sb.????對(duì)某人絕望了????

????·despair of (doing) sth.????對(duì)做某事絕望了

????????·The teachers began to despair of him.????老師們開(kāi)始對(duì)他失望了

????????·Mike despaired of ever seeing her again.????邁克對(duì)再見(jiàn)到她感到絕望

????·in despair????絕望地 (做某事)

????????·He killed himself in despair.????他絕望地自殺了

????????·I gave up in despair.????我絕望地放棄了

????????·I got up early next morning hoping to find that the ants had given up in despair.????第二天早上我起得很早，希望發(fā)現(xiàn)螞蟻已經(jīng)絕望地放棄了

????????·With this faith, we will be able to hew out of the mountain of despair a stone of hope.????有了這個(gè)信念，我們就能從絕望之山鑿出一塊希望之石

????????????·正常語(yǔ)序：With this?faith, we will be able to?hew?a?stone?of hope?out of?the mountain?of?despair.??????句末中心，把重要的東西放在句首和句尾

????·and a lot of people do 完整的：and a lot of people despair?when they make mistakes like this

Fortunately for them, the Bank of England has a team called Mutilated Ladies which deals with claims from people who fed their money to a machine or to their dog.

????·deal?with ...????處理，應(yīng)付某事

????? ? ·W: I had to deal with so many courses last term that I really had a hard time.????上學(xué)期我必須處理這么多的課程，以至于我真的很辛苦

????????·M: I told you it would be better for you it you took fewer courses during the first semester.????我告訴過(guò)你，如果你在第一學(xué)期少選一些課程會(huì)更好

????????????·take????學(xué)習(xí)，讀，修（課程）

????????????????·She is planning to take a computer course.????她打算修一門計(jì)算機(jī)課

????????·attend to ...????照料，處理：照料、關(guān)注或處理某事物或某人

????????????·You hang up hurriedly and attend to baby, crockery, etc.????你趕緊掛上電話，去照顧孩子、陶器等

????????·see to ...????應(yīng)付，處理

????????????·Don't worr about it. I'll see to it later.????別擔(dān)心。我稍后會(huì)處理的

????????·handle ...?v.????處理，應(yīng)付

????????????·Molly, I need your special talent for handling special matters.????莫莉，我需要你處理特殊事情的特殊才能

????????·tackle ...?v.????應(yīng)付，解決（難題或局面）

????????????·Many schools are now trying to tackle the problem of drug abuse.????許多學(xué)校正在努力解決濫用毒品的問(wèn)題

????????·cope with ...????應(yīng)對(duì)；處理

????????????·a seminar on 'coping with stress in the workplace'????“應(yīng)對(duì)職場(chǎng)壓力”研討會(huì)

????·feed sth. to sb. = feed sb. on sth.?????把某物喂給某人

????????·I fed raw meat to the dog. =?I fed the dog on raw meat.????我用生肉喂狗

????????·Well-fed, well-bred.????吃得飽，懂禮貌?！?span id="s0sssss00s" class="font-size-16">倉(cāng)廩實(shí)而知禮節(jié)，衣食足而知榮辱”，俗語(yǔ)，出自《管子·牧民》

????????·feed v.????把……放進(jìn)機(jī)器，將……塞進(jìn)機(jī)器

????????????·She fed two coins into the machine for a cup of coffee.????她往機(jī)器里投了兩個(gè)硬幣買了一杯咖啡。

????????·zeugma 軛式修辭：一個(gè)動(dòng)詞與多個(gè)名詞搭配，表示不同的含意

????????????·Clothes that fit the man and the times.????即合體，又時(shí)尚的服裝

????????????????·fit v.? ? 適合，合身；適應(yīng)

????????????????·fit the man????合身的，合體

? ? ????????????·fit the?times????適應(yīng)時(shí)代的，時(shí)尚

????????????·You're free to execute your laws, and your citizens, as you see fit.????你可以自由地執(zhí)行你的法律，和處死你的公民，只要你認(rèn)為合適

????????????????·execute?v.????執(zhí)行，實(shí)施；處決

? ? ????????????·execute?your laws????執(zhí)行你的法律

? ??????????????·execute?your?citizens? ? 處死你的公民

Dogs, it seems,?love to chew up money!

????·另一種語(yǔ)序：It seems that dogs love to chew up money.????看來(lái)，狗很喜歡咀嚼錢成糊狀

????????·把原來(lái)的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)變成插入語(yǔ)，從句升級(jí)成主句，突出重點(diǎn)，因?yàn)楸揪涞闹攸c(diǎn)是狗
????????·Why, you may wonder, should spiders be our friends?????你可能會(huì)奇怪，為什么蜘蛛會(huì)是我們的朋友呢

????·練習(xí)改寫：Many of us believe that economic development is of paramount importance to China.????我們?cè)S多人認(rèn)為，經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展對(duì)中國(guó)至關(guān)重要

????????·Economic?development, many of us believe,?is of paramount importance?to China.

A recent case concerns Jane Butlin whose fiancé, John, runs a successful furniture business.

????·concern?...?v.????涉及，與 … 相關(guān) (更書面語(yǔ))

????????·be about ...????關(guān)于 ...

????????·To whom it may concern,????信的開(kāi)頭，意思為：致有關(guān)人士

????????·One case concerns an eleven-year-old schoolgirl, Vera Petrova, who has normal vision but who can also perceive things with different parts of her skin, and through solid walls.????其中一個(gè)案例涉及一名11歲的女學(xué)生維拉·佩特洛娃(Vera Petrova)，她的視力正常，但她也可以用皮膚的不同部位感知事物，甚至可以看穿堅(jiān)固的墻壁

????·be concerned with ...????涉及，與 … 相關(guān) (可以和 concern 相互替換)

????????·The book concerns music.????這本書是關(guān)于音樂(lè)的

????????·The book is concerned with music.????這本書是關(guān)于音樂(lè)的

????????·a book concerning music????一本關(guān)于音樂(lè)的書。????concerning?prep.????關(guān)于，涉及，也可以理解為非謂語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)

????????·a book (being)?concerned with?music????一本有關(guān)音樂(lè)的書。????being + done/adj. 作為定語(yǔ)修飾名詞

????·run：be in charge of (sth); manage?

????????·run a hotel/shop/language school????經(jīng)營(yíng)一家 酒店/商店/語(yǔ)言學(xué)校

????????·John manages a successful furniture business.????約翰經(jīng)營(yíng)著一家成功的家具企業(yè)

????????·John is in charge of a successful furniture business.????約翰經(jīng)營(yíng)著一家成功的家具企業(yè)

????·模仿造句：最近一則新聞是有關(guān)于羅京，中央電視臺(tái)的一位著名播音員(newscaster),因癌癥而去世。

????????·A recent?piece of news?concerns?Luo Jing,?a?popular?CCTV?newscaster,?who died?of cancer.

John had a very good day and put his wallet containing ￡ 3,000 into the microwave oven for safekeeping. Then he and Jane went horse-riding.

????·go + doing????表示去做某事

????????·go fishing????去釣魚

????? ? ·go hunting????去打獵

????? ? ·go camping????去露營(yíng)

????? ? ·go bowling????去打保齡球

????? ? ·go sight-seeing????去觀光

????? ? ·go mountain-hiking????去爬山

When they got home, Jane cooked their dinner in the microwave oven and without realizing it, cooked her fiancé’s wallet as well.

????·without realizing it????沒(méi)有意識(shí)到

????????·...?without knowing?it?...????不知不覺(jué)中

????????·... without being aware of it ...????沒(méi)有意識(shí)到它

Imagine their dismay when they found a beautifully-cooked wallet and notes turned to ash!

????·dismay：both shocked and discouraged

????·beautifully-cooked????被烹飪的非常好的

????·turn?to/into ...????變成

????????·change into????變成

????????·become????變成

????????????·The caterpillar eventually turns to/into/changes into/becomes a beautiful butterfly.????毛毛蟲最終變成了一只美麗的蝴蝶

????????·轉(zhuǎn)變職務(wù)，身份，職業(yè)可以單獨(dú)用 turn，且后面跟的名詞不能加冠詞

????????????·The teacher turned writer.????

????????????·He has turned traitor.

????·imagine one's ... when ...????想象一下當(dāng)某時(shí)，某人的某種情況把

????????·lmagine his dismay when he found he took the wrong train.????想象一下，當(dāng)他發(fā)現(xiàn)自己搭錯(cuò)火車時(shí)，他有多么沮喪

????????·Imagine her exultation when she received the admission notice from Beijing University.????想象一下她收到北京大學(xué)錄取通知書時(shí)的狂喜

John went to see his bank manager who sent the remains of wallet and the money to the special department of the Bank of England in Newcastle:?the Mutilated Ladies! They examined the remains and John got all his money back.?

????·這里的 who 定語(yǔ)從句叫做 continuative clause 接續(xù)性分句

????????·John went to see his bank manager and the manager sent the remains of wallet and the money to the special department of the Bank of England in Newcastle: the Mutilated Ladies! (這里的定語(yǔ)從句代替其它句子，上半句的末尾的名詞或名詞短語(yǔ)必須是下半句中的一個(gè)成分)

????????·He violently beat the boy and the boy later died from his injuries.????他猛烈地毆打男孩，男孩后來(lái)因傷勢(shì)過(guò)重而死亡

????????????·He?violently beat the boy?who?later died from his?injuries.????他猛烈地毆打男孩，男孩后來(lái)因傷勢(shì)過(guò)重而死亡

????????·We can read of things that happened 5,000 years ago in the Near East, where people first learned to write.????我們可以讀到5000年前近東發(fā)生的事情，因?yàn)槟抢锏娜藗冏钤鐚W(xué)會(huì)了寫字

????????????·We can read of things that happened 5,000 years ago in the Near East, because people first learned to write there.????這里的 there 指 the Near East，可以用關(guān)系副詞 where 代替

????????·Don't sit on the chair because it has a broken leg.????不要坐在椅子上，因?yàn)樗囊粭l腿斷了

????????????·Don't sit on the chair which has a broken leg.

????????·I have to be very careful not to offend the manager because he could give me the sack at any time.????我必須非常小心，不要冒犯經(jīng)理，因?yàn)樗S時(shí)都可能解雇我

????????????·I have to be very careful not to offend?the manager who?could give?me the sack at any time.

????????·History books never mention those people although they really helped civilization forward.????歷史書從來(lái)沒(méi)有提到這些人，盡管他們確實(shí)推動(dòng)了文明的進(jìn)步

????????????·History books never mention those people who really helped civilization forward.

'So long as there’s something to identify, we will give people their money back,'?said a spokeswoman for the Bank. 'Last year, we paid ￡ 1.5m on 21,000 claims.'

????·as/so long as????只要，引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句

????????·provided / providing (that) .….????只要 (連詞，引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句)

????????·on condition (that) ...????只要，引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句

????????????·You'll be quite safe as long as you follow my instructions.????只要你聽(tīng)從我的指示，你就會(huì)很安全

????????????·He can come with us, provided/providing (that) he pays for his own meals.????他可以和我們一起來(lái)，只要他自己付飯錢

????????????·I'll lend you the money on condition (that) you pay it back within three weeks.????我將借錢給你，條件是你在三周內(nèi)還錢

? ? ? ? ·只有 ... 才：only if

????????????·she will go only if he goes.????只有他去，她才會(huì)去

????????????·Only if he goes will she go.????only 放句首，后面部分倒裝

????·職位前 + as，公司前 +?for

????????·This can give rise to curious situations, as it did in the case of Alfred Bloggs who worked as a dustman for the Ellesmere Corporation

????·said a spokeswoman?for?the Bank????發(fā)言人不重要，說(shuō)的話重要，所以把一句話劈成兩半，把發(fā)言人放中間

????????·"I'm trying to repair the bell," answered Bill. " I've been coming up here night after night for weeks now. You see, I was hoping to give you a surprise.????“我想修鐘，”比爾回答說(shuō)。幾個(gè)星期以來(lái)，我每晚都到這里來(lái)。你看，我想給你一個(gè)驚喜

????????·“You certainly did give me a surprise!” said the vicar. “You've probably woken up everyone in the village as well. Still, I'm glad the bell is working again.”????“你確實(shí)給了我一個(gè)驚喜!牧師說(shuō)?！澳憧赡芤渤承蚜舜謇锏拿總€(gè)人。不過(guò)，我還是很高興鐘又能響了?！?/span>

如何寫出優(yōu)秀的解釋說(shuō)明類文章 (exposition)

1、語(yǔ)言生動(dòng)活潑，充滿趣味性。

2、用詞準(zhǔn)確清晰，避免模棱兩可。

3、抽象說(shuō)明與具體例證相結(jié)合。

本文脈絡(luò)(經(jīng)典的解釋說(shuō)明類文章):

第一段:三個(gè)設(shè)問(wèn)句引起讀者興趣并引入主題:殘鈔鑒別組，并確切地說(shuō)明其作用。語(yǔ)言充滿趣味性。

第二段:給出具體例證。描述清晰，語(yǔ)言風(fēng)趣，句式多變。