三言兩語雜貨社-外刊逐句精讀｜《金融時(shí)報(bào)》：ChatGPT火了，AI時(shí)代來了嗎？
此筆記基于洛云皈的筆記修改
> 全文逐句翻譯
“The age of AI is upon us,” Microsoft’s chief executive Satya Nadella declared last week.
- upon prep. 即將來臨
Winter is almost upon us.冬天即將來臨。
- chief executive?首席執(zhí)行官
= CEO （Chief Executive Office）
- executive 執(zhí)行的；行政的
- execute 執(zhí)行；處決
- execution
- executable file = exe
The giant software company is certainly backing its grand talk with hard cash and computing power. Last month, Microsoft announced it was investing a further $10bn in OpenAI, the San Francisco-based research company that has electrified the digital world with the launch of its ChatGPT language-generation model.
- grand talk 豪言壯語
- grand 偉大的，壯麗的，宏大的
- back vt.幫助、支持
- hard cash 現(xiàn)金（硬幣和紙幣）
- computing power?計(jì)算能力、算力
- -based adj. 總部位于......的
a London-based law firm 總部設(shè)在倫敦的一家律所
- electrify vt. 使通電；使興奮
- launch n.（產(chǎn)品的）上市
- ChatGPT= Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer
難句解析：
1.Last month,?Microsoft announced?it was investing a further $10bn in OpenAI,?the San Francisco-based research company?that has electrified the digital world with the launch of its ChatGPT language-generation model.
???灰色部分為時(shí)間狀語。
???紅色部分為句子主干，其后賓語從句省略了連詞that。
???藍(lán)色部分為賓語從句，淺藍(lán)色部分為OpenAI的同位語。
???綠色部分為research company的定語從句，淺綠色部分為從句伴隨狀語。
段落大意：ChatGPT為科技界帶來了驚喜，微軟重金扶持其開發(fā)公司OpenAl。
Within a week of opening up ChatGPT to the public, 1mn users were experimenting with the super-sophisticated chatbot to write reams of highly plausible text at astonishing speed.
- experiment with/ on sth. 做試驗(yàn)
- sophisticated adj. 先進(jìn)的、精密復(fù)雜的；老練的
- reams n. [非正式]大量的文字
a reams of sth.?大段的…
She wrote reams in the exam.她在考試中寫得很多。
Such “l(fā)arge language models”, as they are called, are not new, but never before have they been made so widely accessible. Even the British finance minister Jeremy Hunt (or his speechwriter) employed ChatGPT to compose the introduction to his recent speech on innovation
?
??large language model（LLM）大型語言模型
??accessible adj. 可使用的
??finance minister?財(cái)政部長（統(tǒng)稱）
Chancellor of the Exchequer??財(cái)政大臣
the Exchequer 英國財(cái)政部??
??speechwriter n. 演講稿寫人
??compose?vt.?創(chuàng)作、撰寫、作曲
composer?n. 作曲家
composition?n. （文學(xué)、音樂）作品；創(chuàng)作
難句解析：
2.Such “l(fā)arge language models”,?as they are called,?are not new, but?never before have they been made so widely accessible.
??黃色部分句子使用了部分倒裝，表強(qiáng)調(diào)，語序還原如下：
= They have never before been made so widely accessible.
Despite the broader tech market downturn, venture capital firms have been frenziedly pouring billions of dollars into start-ups to exploit the commercial opportunities of these “generative” AI models.
- venture capital（VC）風(fēng)險(xiǎn)投資
- venture 冒險(xiǎn)，風(fēng)險(xiǎn)項(xiàng)目 → adventure
- frenziedly adv. 瘋狂地、狂亂地
- frenzied /'frenzid/ adj. 瘋狂的、狂亂的
- frenzy 狂熱/瘋狂，發(fā)瘋
- start-up n. 初創(chuàng)公司
- exploit [?k?spl??t]vt. 充分利用、發(fā)揮
Trained on huge amounts of content drawn from the internet, these models can also be used to generate computer code, images, audio and video. The next big thing in AI this year may well be the emergence of multi-modal models that mix several of these elements. “The quality and capabilities of generative models for imagery, video, and audio has shown truly stunning and extraordinary advances in 2022,” wrote Jeff Dean, one of Google’s most senior AI researchers.
?
- draw A from B 從B獲取A
- code n. 代碼 vt. 編程序、編碼
- may/ might/ can/ could well?很可能
- emergence n. 出現(xiàn)
- emerge v. 出現(xiàn)
- multi-modal model 多模態(tài)模型
- modal /maudl/ adj. 模態(tài)的
模態(tài)是指一些表達(dá)或感知事物的方式，每一種信息的來源或者形式，都可以稱為一種模態(tài)。當(dāng)一個(gè)研究問題或數(shù)據(jù)集包含多個(gè)這樣的模態(tài)時(shí)，它就被描述為多模態(tài)，比如同時(shí)包含文本、語音和圖形信息的數(shù)據(jù)。
- ??imagery n. 圖像
- ??stunning adj. 絕妙的、令人震驚的
- stun 震驚，使震驚
Tech evangelists argue that the widespread adoption of generative AI opens up a new era in technology, just as the emergence of personal computers, smartphones and social media gave birth to seemingly(似乎；看似) limitless business opportunities in earlier times. Generative AI may yet transform the creative industries, video games production and enterprise software, for example. One of the open questions surrounding its use is whether it will strengthen the power of the tech incumbents, including Microsoft and Google, or stimulate fresh competition from insurgent start-ups, such as Cohere, Stability AI and You.com.
- ??evangelist n. 巡回布道者、傳播者
- tech evangelists = tech advocate
- ??adoption n. 采用 (想法、計(jì)劃等)
- ??give birth to sth. 使產(chǎn)生
- ??yet adv.?終歸、遲早（熟詞僻義）
- I know she's alive and I'll find her?yet.
- 我知道她還活著，我遲早會(huì)找到她。
- ??open question?未有定論的問題?
- ??incumbent n. 在職者、現(xiàn)任者
- In general, incumbents have a 94 percent chance of being reelected.
- 通?，F(xiàn)任官員有 94% 的幾率會(huì)再次當(dāng)選。
- ? stimulate vt. 促進(jìn)、刺激
- ? insurgent adj. 起義的
難句解析：
3.Tech evangelists argue that the widespread (adoption) of generative AI opens up a new era in technology, just as the (emergence) of personal computers, smartphones and social media gave birth to seemingly limitless business opportunities in earlier times.
- ??紅色部分為句子主干。
- ??藍(lán)色部分為賓語從句。
- ??綠色部分為just as引導(dǎo)的狀語從句。
4.One of the (open questions) surrounding its use?is?whether it will strengthen the power of the tech incumbents, including Microsoft and Google,?or stimulate fresh competition from insurgent start-ups, such as Cohere, Stability AI and You.com.
- ??紅色部分為句子主干。
- ??藍(lán)色部分為whether引導(dǎo)的表語從句，核心結(jié)構(gòu)為whether it?will?do A?or?do B?。
- ??灰色部分為插入語，用including...和such as...補(bǔ)充例子，分別解釋tech incumbents和insurgent start-ups。
But the widespread adoption of generative AI is also triggering concerns about the theft of copyright, the spread of disinformation and deepfakes and the debasement of knowledge on the world wide web. Generative AI systems are trained to produce the most statistically probable answer, not the most accurate, and can “hallucinate” facts. ChatGPT has been described as “the greatest bullshitter ever” by Arvind Narayanan, a computer science professor at Princeton University.
- ??deepfake n. 深度偽造
= deep learning + fake
- ??debasement n. 降低（價(jià)值）
- ??statistically adv. 從統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)來說
- ??probable adj. 可能發(fā)生的
- ??hallucinate vi. 產(chǎn)生幻覺 vt. 用幻覺影響
- hallucination n. 幻覺
- ??bullshit n. 胡說、瞎扯
- bullshitter n. 胡說八道的人
- ??Princeton University 普林斯頓大學(xué)
The digital gold rush around generative AI may also be distracting us from more profound and productive uses of other machine learning models, according to one tech executive. While everyone is fixated on the industry’s “shiny new toy”, researchers have been using machine learning systems to diagnose cancers, model protein structures, optimise electricity grids and design components for heart valves, aero engines or wind turbines.
- ??gold rush 淘金熱
- ??distract sb. from (doing) sth. 使（做某事）分心
- ??be fixated on sth.?專注于某事
- ??model vt. 建模
- ??electricity grid 電網(wǎng)
- grid 網(wǎng)格，網(wǎng)柵
- ??component n.組件
- ??heart valve 心臟瓣膜
- valve [v?lv] 閥門
- ??aero engine 航空發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)、飛機(jī)引擎
The age of AI may well be upon us, but not quite in the way we — and our digital assistants — are currently all chatting about.
解析：
6.The age of AI may well be upon us,?but not quite in the way?(that) we?— and our digital assistants —?are currently all chatting about.
AI的時(shí)代即將來臨，但不是以我們和電子助手正在討論的這種形式。
??紅色部分為句子主干。
??藍(lán)色部分為方式狀語，內(nèi)嵌淺藍(lán)色定語從句，補(bǔ)充說明the way。
??灰色部分為插入語，起補(bǔ)充we的作用。
段落大意：哪怕AI時(shí)代真的來了，目前的程度還不夠成熟。
