英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法: 省略句

一. 并列句中的省略
?
在并列句中,相同的成分如主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ)等都可以省略。
省略主語(yǔ):當(dāng)并列的成分是由同一個(gè)主語(yǔ)發(fā)出的動(dòng)作時(shí),并列連接詞后面的部分可以省略主語(yǔ)
?
She came forward and (she) shook hands with me.
她走上前并和我握手。
?
省略謂語(yǔ):當(dāng)連接詞前后兩個(gè)分句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作相同時(shí),后一分句中的謂語(yǔ)部分可以省略
例如:
?
I’d love to come but I can’t ( come).
我倒是想來(lái),但不能。
?
省略其他成分
例如:
The boy wanted to bring his chest to the shopping center alone, but his mother told him not to( bring his chest to the shopping center alone.)
這個(gè)男孩想獨(dú)自帶著他的箱子去購(gòu)物中心,但是他媽媽不讓他帶。
二. 狀語(yǔ)從句中的省略
如果從句的主語(yǔ)和主句的主語(yǔ)一致,且從句的謂語(yǔ)含有be動(dòng)詞的某種形式(am/is/are/was/were),可同時(shí)省略從句的主語(yǔ)和be動(dòng)詞的某種形式。
1.when,while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句
例如:Be confident of success when (you are) running the company.
?
2.if,unless,once引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句
例如:
If (it is) properly educated, child will become confident.
Once (you are) caught cheating in an exam, you will be punished.
?
3.though,although,whether,no matter?when/what/how/who等引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句
例如:
He was happy, though/although (he was) poor.
Whether (she is) sick or well, she is always cheerful.
4.as if,as though引導(dǎo)的方式狀語(yǔ)從句
例如:
He rubbed his eyes and yawned as if/though (he was) waking up after a long sleep.
?
5.than,as引導(dǎo)的比較狀語(yǔ)從句中的省略
當(dāng)不同的主語(yǔ)進(jìn)行比較時(shí),一般省略從句中的謂語(yǔ);當(dāng)從句中的主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)(be動(dòng)詞除外)和主句中的主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)相同時(shí),通常省略從句中的謂語(yǔ),只保留比較部分。
例如:
He is taller than his brother (is).
三. 定語(yǔ)從句中的省略用法
?
關(guān)系代詞that,which,whom等在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)且不位于介詞之后時(shí),可以省略。
The man (that/who/whom) you visited last night is my grandpa.
四. 虛擬語(yǔ)氣中if及should的省略
?
當(dāng)條件狀語(yǔ)從句中有were,had,should等時(shí)省略if,把它們提至句首,形成倒裝句。
?
完整的句子: If I were a teacher, I would be strict with my students.
省略的句子:Were I a teacher, I would be strict with my students.
五. 不定式符號(hào)to的省略
?
感官動(dòng)詞see,hear,feel,watch等和使役動(dòng)詞have,make,let等后接不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí),不定式省略to。
1.Please let me(to) go there.
2.I saw you (to)enter the door.
?