Aran?a pollito秘魯食雞蛛終極解析下篇來了～

先介紹下食雞蛛開始聞名于世的起源由英國捕鳥蛛協(xié)會BTS和rick west的采訪對話（rick west是最資生的捕鳥蛛研究者，下面文章Chicken Spiders食雞簡稱CS,文章可以自己拉到翻譯軟件翻譯內容）
（BTS是國際最有名的捕鳥蛛協(xié)會，加入會員需要繳納年費等要求，有興趣朋友可以自己去了解。它們每年會有展覽和一些講壇比賽等等）


9.00pm*btswebmaster OK lets start talking - Welcome to The BTS chat room and to Martin Nicholas.
Kukulkania: So, from what genus do we hypothesize these Chicken Spiders come from?
Rick_C._West: Pamphobeteus antinous ... isn't it, Martin?
spiderhunter: the truth is that we simply don't know what this, we do know that is not anitious as the rear leg is too fat.
Rick_C._West: There is an 'antinous' look-alike in Peru that Rogerio Bertani is describing.
spiderhunter: Genus is most likely Pamphobeteus, Xenethis, possibly Acanthascurria.
spiderhunter: Antinious is certainly in the region (Madres Dios) as I found it last time, but the C.S is something else
Kukulkania: Size? Guessing the scale of the pictures, but 8" or so, adult size?
spiderhunter: K, the largest C.S. we pinned down had a legspan of 10.7" and this was not exceptional
Rick_C._West: How long do you go in the field for Martin on this trip?
spiderhunter: Rick, trip is to be around 3 weeks.
Sam: Martin. When exactly are you going on your trip? Are you taking anybody else other than film crew?
spiderhunter: Actually its going to be a Radio Documentary, Sam (a bit odd I know but.)
Rick_C._West: How does that work ... never heard of that?
spiderhunter: It works as an audio diary, with interviews, descriptive stuff etc.
Rick_C._West: So we don't get a chance to SEE you in the field/jungle with the spiders ... just hear an audio from the field? sorry never heard of this so excuse the questions.
Kukulkania: Wish I could come along on one of these trips as a lackey/understudy, or whatever ... These types of trips are the things my dreams are made of.
spiderhunter: I am also hoping to get the Chicken Spider stridulating on tape (that should to be fun)
spiderhunter: I am told, that I have a face for radio, Rick. So lots of still shots hopefully to get published later.
Sam: Martin. When exactly are you going on your trip? Are you taking anybody else?
spiderhunter: Sam, I leave on Sunday the 24th March (real soon!) and I am taking my partner Julie Chuter with me. (Top Zoologist and all round good egg).
Kukulkania: Wow! These are some impressive spiders, huh?
spiderhunter: They really are impressive, and interestingly are not really urticaceous.
Sam: What sort of season is it in Peru at the moment Martin?
spiderhunter: Its the end of the rainy season at the moment, hopefully very near the end!
Kukulkania: Like the T. blondi, they prefer to construct burrows on inclines near a water source, if I remember correctly?
Kukulkania: CS = Chicken Spider.
Rick_C._West: Martin, have you seen the examples of frogs living commensally in the CS burrows?
spiderhunter: CS=Chicken Spider yes. And I mostly found them well away from the river, up in the Terra Firma Forest and around the villages where they get their reputation.
spiderhunter: Rick, do you know Jolene Czansky?
Kukulkania: And they are opportunistic burrowers, taking over rodent burrows and such?
spiderhunter: Yes opportunist mostly, no evidence of self-built like most South American Thera's
Rick_C._West: No, is this someone from the Tambopata / Manu region? Why do you ask?
spiderhunter: Jolene has been studying the symbiosis between a theraphosid and a frog in the region (it will make fascinating reading when complete)
Sam: Silly question, but how can you tell whether a T has taken over a burrow or made it itself?
spiderhunter: Sam, easy in the far east because of the thick silk, difficult in the new world because they lay down little. Trick is look during day for possible burrows then go back at night when they should be at their burrow mouths.
Rick_C._West: I have read the paper, and received photos from, Cocroft who worked on the commensal relationship between a narrow-mouth frog (toad?) and the CS. Also, he noted that instars stay with the female in the same burrow until very large in size ... watching a predation has not been seen yet.
Sam: Martin, I mean how can you tell whether a T has converted a burrow from a rodent burrow or built it from scratch?
spiderhunter: Sam, Sorry yes a purpose built is often a perfect circle, rodent burrows are often scraped and too large for the spider they house
spiderhunter: Rick, I'll E-mail you RE: The microhylid toad relationship it is very involved.
Rick_C._West: thank you.
Rick_C._West: I've witnessed other theraphosid species/microhylid from relationships in other S.Amer. Countries.
Rick_C._West: er ... toad.
Sam: Is T. Blondi found in Peru?
spiderhunter: Sam, no T. blondi does not get that far. (Despite what I said in my previous article)
Schachmeister: Hi Martin. I refrained from asking you a question as it looked like you were already fielding several. In your own time then, what is your objective on the Peru trip?
spiderhunter: For everyone, The objective of this trip is primarily to record a documentary for the BBC and in doing so to find and describe the locally named "Chicken Spider" as either a known species or something new.
Schachmeister: Martin: I read your article some while ago in the BTS Journal and it was fascinating. It will be brilliant if you can find the beast again and I for one wish you good luck.
spiderhunter: Bless your heart Carl.
Sam: Another silly question, but why do the locals call it the chicken spider?
spiderhunter: Sam, the story (true or untrue) is that these huge thera's live around the little settlements that slash and burn farmers make in the jungle, the legend is that these spiders occasionally take the little scrub fowl chickens that they keep.
spiderhunter: I have also heard of the Monkey Spider (I hope not for the same reason!)
bony: well there is a camel spider
Sam: Well, I suppose that if it does get to 10.7" then it could be possible for it to take a chick.
Schachmeister: Martin: I have this absurd vision of giant theraphosids riding chickens bareback through the jungle. Keep a keen eye open my lad!
Sam: Martin, I suppose it is no different to calling African spiders Baboon spiders I guess
Rick_C._West: The locals also call the large tarantulas 'arana mona or monkey spider as it is generally the same color as the Howler monkey.
spiderhunter: The Black not red Howler presumably Rick?
Rick_C._West: When you go on your trips, do you photograph the tarantulas you see? Do you take a camcoder?
spiderhunter: Oh, Rick - I also found a small Avicularia last time (no idea which as it was in a bromeliad 10ft up)
Rick_C._West: In Brazil, some call them 'crab spiders' because the tarantula walks like a crab?! ... Go figure?
spiderhunter: Too much local Chicha i think!
Rick_C._West: In Venezuela ... it's the red Howler, but, I would assume the black in Peru.
Kukulkania: Sometimes I like to think of tarantulas as carnivorous crabs...
Sam: Rick, could those crab spiders be huntmen? They do look a lottle like crabs (well if you squint your eyes a lot they do). The crab spiders that I know of are the ones that hide in flowers for bees.
Rick_C._West: In these countries, Martin will tell you that any big spider to a local IS a tarantula.
Schachmeister: I had the same experience in Ecuador. The locals ran a mile from almost any spider!
Rick_C._West: In Venezuela ... it's the red Howler, but, I would assume the black in Peru.
spiderhunter: No, Red Howler in Peru, you should hear them (eariest sound I ever heard!)
Rick_C._West: Yes, a band of Howlers at 4-5am is like a roaring jaguar in heat!!
spiderhunter: That is certainly true, bird spider chicken spider, monkey spider etc.
Rick_C._West: Martin, do the locals fear the tarantula or pay it no mind?
Sam: I suppose we shouldn't laugh at locals for running from spiders when many grown men over here do the same thing.
bony: their spiders are much bigger than ours.
Schachmeister: Sam: Very true but men over here don't have six inch spider just above their heads whilst sleeping. LOL
spiderhunter: They regard the Chicken Spider with some fear, but do not seem to worry about huntsmen spiders or indeed the pink toe's
Sam: Is the CS aggressive in any way.
spiderhunter: Sam, the CS is not as aggressive as say a Baboon Spider or "Earth Tiger" think of T. blondi without the urticating hairs.
Sam: What colouration does the C. S. have?
spiderhunter: The Chicken Spider is a dark Brown - Black with white bands above the chelicerae and a very thick leg four which makes it different from the other spider of the region Pamphobeteus antinoius
*btswebmaster Ok 15 minutes left to the end of the chat session.
Rick_C._West: bummer.
Kukulkania: yeah!
Schachmeister: Martin: If you do find this spider again, what is the plan? Are you going to (legally of course) bring a specimen back for study or will it be a BBC filming trip only?
spiderhunter: The plan is to bring back a single specimen for identification purposes (all paperwork is in place - in triplicate as usual!)
Rick_C._West: I've never needed to obtain permits for Peru as I've only taken out photos?
bony: Are there photos of this species?
Yuri: I am Sorry if this has been asking before but what was the size of the largest specimen you found.
spiderhunter: Yuri, no problem. The largest specimen measured on the last trip had a leg span of 10.7" Photos of this spider are in the downloadable form on the BTS website.
poss: I understand eastern Peru is at the peak of its rainy season right now, wont this slow things down?
spiderhunter: High rains mean high rivers and as we are going to be travelling by boat this is preferable to getting beached on sand-banks due to low water (been there before in Borneo!).
Schachmeister: Rain giveth life. New life means insects. Insects means spiders...get in there Martin.
poss: I was born and raised there, left at 18,back often.
Sam: I knew somebody once who was from Peru. Their favourite animal was the scorpion. What sort of other bugs out in Peru did you see Martin?
spiderhunter: Sam, there are so many its hard to list most amazing was the colonial caterpillars -bright Red and yellow - very poisonous!
Rick_C._West: yikes ... the 'real wildlife' sounds
spiderhunter: Only for spiders, Rick! By the way what part of Peru did you get to?
Rick_C._West: Martin, I mainly cover the Iquitos, Rio Tigre, Rio Ucayali region.
Rick_C._West: I may get to Tambopata later this year on a project.
*btswebmaster: 10.00 pm The end of the chat session.


簡單的來說rick在文章里介紹了食雞的發(fā)現(xiàn)之旅和一些相關信息。
讓我感興趣的內容是The largest specimen measured on the last trip had a leg span of 10.7" 最大的個體是10.7英寸（10.7英寸=27.178厘米）這是非?？鋸埖母拍?，我目前最大的只有25cm成體ts公，我認為25-26cm是捕鳥蛛的極限。安提諾烏斯巨人黑（波剛）我手頭最大的極限個體是24cm的成體公。所以這里我是對rick的很感興趣和質疑，哈哈
spiderhunter: Jolene has been studying the symbiosis between a theraphosid and a frog in the region (it will make fascinating reading when complete)
這里提到與蛙的共生關系，這是非常有趣的一個內容。我認為也是可以證明它們有社會性的另外一個輔助證明，下文我會具體講解。
當然rick在文章也提到了吃雞內容，看來當時這個傳聞是從rick這邊出去的。但我咨詢當?shù)厝吮硎緵]有這個說法，也算小小的傳說。


各種的傳說，圖片和資料不停的加深了我對這個神秘品種的向往。所以我花了更多的時間，精力和金錢去收集這個品種。（當中走過的彎路和心酸就不提了）
所以真正的正確的信息花了很多年去考察去飼養(yǎng)去核實才得出這些內容。（有些真相是令人更為振奮，有些也有小小的失望）


1.食雞蛛的尺寸之謎
上文已經提到rick說這食雞足展有10.7英寸即27.178厘米。所以食雞一直享有最大的安提諾烏斯巨人黑（波剛）之名。但既然我都繁殖出來了我覺得這個傳說不攻自破也不會太久。（當然也可能一直破不了，依然很多人相信23cm的蘇黑和33cm的ta。我不否認極限，但我更愿意相信真的證據(jù)，無圖無真相太多）
大家先感受下25cm的概念（品種為ts成體公）

我目前最大的安提諾烏斯巨人黑（波剛）伊基托斯（Iquitos）產地（母23cm，公24cm）

食雞目前母最大20cm,公21cm。而且不少公只有17-20cm。雖然我沒有極限的數(shù)據(jù)但過手10只大個體整體平均數(shù)據(jù)是遠低于伊基托斯（Iquitos）產地。
再來看幼體

和左邊普通安提諾烏斯巨人黑（波剛）2l幼體對比，可以看到普通安提諾烏斯巨人黑（波剛）2l等于食雞4l大小
雖然說幼體大小不能證明問題，但目前無論最大個體，還是幼體大小。都是略小于伊基托斯（Iquitos）產地。只能說平均大小不會有太大的差距?？赡芫驮?-2cm之間基本可以忽略。加上食雞毛發(fā)更粗獷等特征，從外觀上看沒有什么差距。


2.食雞蛛與蛙的共生之謎
前面文章也提到捕鳥蛛和蛙類的共生關系，也相信大家看到過類似文章說蛙和蜘蛛住一起互相捕獵。
最早說的是Xenesthis immanis哥倫比亞鐳射，但我從沒看到過野外圖片是哥倫比亞鐳射和蛙在一起。有的朋友可以幫忙補充。
但食雞和蛙還真的有關系，有圖有真相～

圖片可以看到多只蛙和多只食雞在一起。
一張圖片不夠證明還有更多圖片

最后一圖可以看到即使它們一起在獵殺別的品種蛙，這種可以與它們共生的蛙不會收到傷害，還能淡定的圍觀。
所以并不是說食雞蛛不會去吃蛙，而是只有這種Chiasmocleis ventrimaculata的蛙它們不會去攻擊吃它。別的蛙全部會被攻擊。（雨林里蛙是捕鳥蛛的主要飼料之一）
那么Chiasmocleis ventrimaculata這種蛙是不是可以和捕鳥蛛都和睦相處呢。答案是否定的

這種ac屬捕鳥蛛和食雞蛛的產地是一模一樣的，它們就生活在食雞蛛的地方。但它們就會攻擊這種蛙。所以說Chiasmocleis ventrimaculata這種蛙只能和食雞相處在一起。我猜測這種蛙會有一種信號讓食雞覺得它也是一只食雞蛛，大大小小食雞和這種蛙用的同一種信號來把彼此當做同類。
這種蛙會被食雞保護，并且也可以幫食雞吃掉些蠅類等對蜘蛛有害的蟲子。確實是一種雙贏。

自然真的是非常奇妙的，不知不覺又寫了一大堆，食雞這個品種讓我著迷的點太多?，F(xiàn)在就期待一堆大黑蜘蛛一起茁壯成長。




ps:要不要再深入介紹來一篇產地環(huán)境，氣候飼養(yǎng)篇？哈哈。如果大家多多支持的話，會盡快推出喔