句中說 since being damaged 對(duì)嗎，為什么不直接簡(jiǎn)化成 since damaged？ - 知乎

先說結(jié)果，類似的問題我以前視頻其實(shí)說過了（參考：關(guān)于being doing與being done的分析）?？梢杂胹ince damaged，沒有問題，只是意思不一樣。

這里涉及到：1、since詞性的理解；2、being的詞性及意思理解；3、being done的詞性及意思理解（可以對(duì)比理解being doing，很多視頻只知道從時(shí)態(tài)考慮，得出結(jié)論沒有being doing的說話。這是不對(duì)的，英語語法有很多對(duì)稱的現(xiàn)象，有being done 就有being doing。且對(duì)being done的理解，要有三種理解方式，如果達(dá)不到三種，你就會(huì)分析不出來）；4、有些傳統(tǒng)語法不是在大數(shù)據(jù)情況搞出來的，所以有很多錯(cuò)誤，比如傳統(tǒng)老是強(qiáng)調(diào)enjoy只能接doing，like 可以to do?，F(xiàn)實(shí)英語中不是這樣的啊，可以去驗(yàn)證下，我記得搜過，還有什么 no use doing。

一、since 有三個(gè)詞性，副詞、連詞及介詞。如果是介詞，那么后面只能是being damaged（being 決不能少?。@個(gè)being damaged 理解為一般理解為非謂語動(dòng)名詞短語，但我傾向理解為非謂語動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞短語（非謂語動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞短語具有名稱屬性，怎么理解，還是從對(duì)稱性出發(fā)， 一般情況下，單個(gè)非謂語動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞與非謂語動(dòng)詞過去分詞只能待在定狀補(bǔ)等非必要條件位置上，唯一翻身機(jī)會(huì)是表語位置。要到主語賓語位置，怎么辦，非謂語動(dòng)詞過去分詞的解決辦法是前面帶個(gè)the，那么非謂語動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)分詞怎么辦，單個(gè)去主語賓語，詞性都變了，成了非謂語動(dòng)名詞。為了對(duì)稱，那就讓非謂語動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞短語可以到主語賓語位置，這樣就與the加非謂語動(dòng)詞過去分詞對(duì)稱了，平衡了?。２还茉趺蠢斫?，這時(shí)的being damaged只能說具有名詞屬性，決不能說什么被動(dòng)態(tài)的進(jìn)行時(shí)也好也不能說過去分詞的進(jìn)行時(shí)。因?yàn)榻樵~后面只能跟名詞屬性的詞。有些人看到as required解釋為介詞加非謂語過去分詞，其實(shí)不對(duì)，此時(shí)的as的詞性只能取其副詞性質(zhì)。副詞和連詞后面接非謂語動(dòng)詞過去分詞沒有問題！

二、The wall has been like this since being damaged by a bomb.此句中的since理解為副詞或者連詞沒有問題，那么后面皆可以接being done 也可以接done，只是意思不同。比如：

The objective,?since attained,?was to create a set of contractual rules that would establish uniformity in that practice, so that practitioners would not have to cope with a plethora of often conflicting national regulations.；

. Eight hundred men of the Highlanders, Sixtieth, and Provincial troops were accordingly made over to him; so setting out with these from Loyalhannon he arrived before dawn of the 14th of September at a hill,since namedGrant's hill, within half a mile of the fort.（高地人的八百人、第六十人和省級(jí)部隊(duì)因此被移交給他；因此，他帶著這些東西從洛亞爾漢農(nóng)出發(fā)，在9月14日黎明前到達(dá)了一座小山，這座小山后來被命名為格蘭特山，距離堡壘不到半英里。）

Lord Loudoun was to be their Colonel-in-Chief, Pennsylvania their recruiting-ground, and their title the Royal Americans, an appellation long?since displaced?by the famous number of the Sixtieth.

那么since是副詞或者連詞情況下，后面的being done如何理解，后面接done又如何理解？看例句：“If you don't have the ability then blame your parents,” wrote Jung Yoo-ra on social media in 2014, after being accepted into a prestigious university.這個(gè)句子是描寫樸槿惠閨蜜女兒通過關(guān)系入學(xué)女子梨花大學(xué)后狂態(tài)炫耀關(guān)系的一個(gè)句子，after后面的being being accepted 實(shí)際跟你的句子是一個(gè)味道。這里的after就是個(gè)連詞，后面既可以接being accepted 也可以接 accepted，那作者為什么用了being？就是為了表達(dá)閨蜜的狂態(tài)，這里being實(shí)際是個(gè)單獨(dú)的單詞，就是一個(gè)非謂語動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞，非謂語動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞一輩子都是作定狀補(bǔ)，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)副詞修飾accepted，在這里有as soon as 或者immediately等意思。翻譯成：剛剛被錄取就口出狂言，或者一被錄取就口出狂言。如果只是用after accepted，那么就只是描述一個(gè)事實(shí)，沒有being這種副詞的加持了，只能翻譯：被錄取后，，，，，，。這種狂態(tài)就沒有了。當(dāng)然這里理解為accepted 的進(jìn)行時(shí)也可以，也能表達(dá)時(shí)間的立即性。

所以：being這個(gè)詞可以單獨(dú)理解為一個(gè)單詞，就是系動(dòng)詞be轉(zhuǎn)化成的非謂語動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞，這個(gè)一般動(dòng)詞比如do轉(zhuǎn)化為doing一個(gè)道理；

所以：being done 一定要有三種理解：1、拆開理解，就是一個(gè)類似于副詞的詞being加done，副詞修飾done，說白就是個(gè)非謂語動(dòng)詞過去分詞done，只是前面有個(gè)副詞而已，此時(shí)沒有名詞屬性；2、非謂語動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞短語（主動(dòng)態(tài)的do sth 轉(zhuǎn)化為非謂語動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞短語是doing sth，那么被動(dòng)態(tài)的is done轉(zhuǎn)化為非謂語動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞短語就是being done。非要理解為非謂語動(dòng)名詞，也可以吧 ），此時(shí)具有名稱屬性；3、非謂語動(dòng)詞過去分詞done的進(jìn)行時(shí)（或者其他叫法）。這里牢記：只有第2種情況是，being done才具有名詞屬性，前面只能是介詞，或者介詞后面只能是being done！比如at這個(gè)詞是個(gè)單純介詞，只能at being done

回到你這個(gè)句子：The wall has been like this since being damaged by a bomb.加了being，有時(shí)間的味道了。翻譯為：自從它剛剛一倒塌（聯(lián)想漢語口語，這很像一種推脫責(zé)任時(shí)的口語表達(dá)：這玩意剛剛一被什么東西搞壞了，就一直這個(gè)樣子），沒有being，翻譯成：自從它倒塌。當(dāng)然你非要將since只理解為介詞，那另當(dāng)別論。

關(guān)于being的副詞強(qiáng)調(diào)味道，可以再看如下句子：

Being doing

When being doing,……

“They died to the last man at Thermopylae, didn’t they, Doctor?” Rhett asked, and his lips twitched with suppressed laughter.

　　“Are you being insulting, young man?”（為什么加being，being就是個(gè)分詞類似于副詞，翻譯成：你現(xiàn)在就要羞辱我嗎？沒有being，翻譯為你要羞辱我嗎？）

斯佳麗想了半天，還是不明白瑟莫比利是什么。

Doing nothing is better than being busy doing nothing. （這個(gè)句子非常好，being有時(shí)時(shí)刻刻不停的味道，翻譯為時(shí)時(shí)刻刻瞎忙忙碌碌，還不如別干?。?/p>

三、傳統(tǒng)語法學(xué)者在總結(jié)語法時(shí)由于沒有網(wǎng)絡(luò)沒有大數(shù)據(jù)，很多事片面或者錯(cuò)誤的，他們只能搜紙質(zhì)書（沒有電子書嘛），那工作量，是天文級(jí)別的，不可能總結(jié)到位。我們現(xiàn)在有電子數(shù)據(jù)，有搜素工具，應(yīng)該去重新核查下。比如since done確實(shí)少用，但是不代表不能用。再比如，高中天天引用那些老的語法書上錯(cuò)誤說法，以訛傳訛，說只有no use doing，沒有no use to do。一搜原版英語書，一堆的no use to do。所以有時(shí)候真懷疑誰給了這些泰斗勇氣這樣隨意出書，特別是90年代學(xué)應(yīng)試英語教育的學(xué)生，真是冤枉！

The guest spread out his hands, intimating that time and the morrow must take care of themselves; or that?it was no use to fight against fate.

There go the banners of Pisa and Arezzo,’ said Cennini. ‘Ay, Messer Pisano,?it is no use for you to look sullen; you may as well carry your banner to our San Giovanni with a good grace. “Pisans false, Florentines blind” — the second half of that proverb will hold no longer. There come the ensigns of our subject towns and signories, Melema; they will all be suspended in San Giovanni until this day next year, when they will give place to new ones.’

A great temptation had laid hold of Tessa’s mind; she would go and take that old man part of her supper, and talk to him a little. He was not deaf like Monna Lisa, and besides she could say a great many things to him that?it was no use to shout at Monna Lisa, who knew them already. And he was a stranger — strangers came from a long way off and went away again, and lived nowhere in particular. It was naughty, she knew, for obedience made the largest part in Tessa’s idea of duty;

錯(cuò)誤：