TED演講者：Adjany Costa / Adjany Costa

演講標題：Lasting conservation, led by Indigenous heritage / 以土著遺產(chǎn)為主導的持久性保護

內(nèi)容概要：Conservation champion and TED Fellow Adjany Costa is on a mission to empower Indigenous communities. Instead of imposing pre-designed policy and plans on local people, she says, conservation efforts should center those who know the land best, enabling them to tailor solutions to their unique environmental, social and economic realities. She presents a roadmap for Indigenous communities to take back ownership of their heritage and reclaim stewardship of their land. "Real community-based conservation ... fosters fierce independence," Costa says.

保護冠軍和 TED 研究員阿佳妮·科斯塔（Adjany Costa ）的任務是賦予原住民社區(qū)權力。她說，保護工作不應該把預先設計好的政策和計劃強加給當?shù)厝?，而應該以最了解土地的人為中心，使他們能夠根?jù)自己獨特的環(huán)境、社會和經(jīng)濟現(xiàn)實制定解決方案。她為原住民社區(qū)收回對其遺產(chǎn)的所有權并重新獲得對其土地的管理權提供了一個路線圖。科斯塔說："真正基于社區(qū)的保護…培養(yǎng)了強烈的獨立性。"

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【1】Imagine if you live at the center of a global conservation spotlight, but you have no voice.

想象一下,如果你生活在 全球保護焦點的中心, 但你卻沒有發(fā)言權。

【2】Your aspirations are not valid, and your knowledge does not count.

你的愿望是無效的, 你的知識也不算數(shù)。

【3】Sadly, this happens very often in local communities of key ecosystems around the world.

可悲的是,這種情況經(jīng)常發(fā)生在 主要生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的當?shù)厣鐓^(qū), 遍及世界各地。

【4】In conservation, my field of work, I call it community-based conservation washing, which is basically when conservation organizations claim to work for communities

在保護領域,也就是我的工作領域, 我把它稱為“以社區(qū) 為基礎的保護”清洗, 這基本上就是當保護組織 聲稱為社區(qū)工作,

【5】only to inform and impose pre-designed conservation plans instead of including them, misguiding media and funding sources.

只是為了告知和強制實行 預先設計好的保護計劃, 而不是將社區(qū)居民考慮在內(nèi), 這會誤導媒體和資金支援。

【6】Think of greenwashing, and then apply it to conservation.

想一想 “漂綠“, 然后將其應用于保護。

【7】Hopefully we can all agree that approach is not right, and it needs to be tackled.

希望我們都能同意 這種做法是不對的, 它需要被解決。

【8】And how about we start by twisting classic community-based conservation questions upside down?

我們可不可以 徹底顛覆以往基于 社區(qū)的保護問題呢？

【9】Say, instead of wondering how to bring science and policy to communities, how about we find a way to bring the voice and centenary knowledge of communities to research and policy making?

與其琢磨如何把科學 和政策帶入社區(qū), 不如我們找到一種方法, 把社區(qū)的聲音 和沉淀百年的知識帶入 研究和政策制定中去怎么樣？

【10】But see, the answer to such questions is never a one-size-fits-all solution, because it needs to be tailored to the unique environmental, social and economic realities of each community.

但是請注意,這種問題的答案從來都不是 一個放之四海而皆準的解決方案, 因為它需要根據(jù) 每個社區(qū)獨特的環(huán)境、 社會和經(jīng)濟實際情況進行調(diào)整。

【11】Let me give you some context.

讓我給你一些背景信息。

【12】I get to work in one of the most incredible wetland systems on Earth.

我曾經(jīng)在地球上最不可思議的 濕地系統(tǒng)之一工作。

【13】The sources of the Kavango Zambezi Transfrontier Conservation area, KAZA for short.

卡萬戈-贊比西河（Kavango Zambezi） 跨越邊界保護區(qū)的發(fā)源地。 簡稱“卡贊”（KAZA）。

【14】But now KAZA spreads through five countries and is home to iconic African wildlife, incredible landscapes, like the Okavango Delta, and up to 2.5 million people.

但現(xiàn)在,“卡贊”覆蓋五個國家, 囊括非洲代表性的野生生態(tài)、 美不勝收的風景, 如奧卡萬戈（Okavango）三角洲, 和多達 250 萬人口的家園。

【15】Its sources in eastern Angola are the heart, the lungs and the backbone of the entire KAZA, yet they’re unprotected.

它在安哥拉（Angola）東部的源頭是 整個“卡贊”的心臟、肺部 和骨干, 但它們卻沒有得到保護。

【16】In one of the many research trips I've done to the area, I met Mama Lerógio, the oldest lady of a Luchaze village, and she was genuinely surprised to still see me alive.

在我對該地區(qū)進行的 多次研究旅行中, 我遇到了 萊羅吉奧（Lerógio）女士, 盧卡茲（Luchaze）村 最年長的女士, 看到我還活著,她真的很驚訝。

【17】She told me the story of the Mukissi, this mythical, giant snake-like creature that protects the rivers and thus life.

她給我講了 姆基斯（Mukissi）的故事, 神話中的巨蛇狀生物, 保護著河流,從而保護著生命。

【18】And she told me that if the Mukissi spared me, my life, after spending four months in dugout canoes from the sources to the Okavango delta in Botswana, it meant it trusted me.

她告訴我,如果姆基斯放過我, 我的生命, 當我在獨木舟上呆了四個月后, 從源頭到博茨瓦納奧卡萬戈三角洲, 這意味著它信任我。

【19】And if it did, so could they, the Luchaze people.

如果是這樣, 他們盧卡茲人也可以做到。

【20】But see, most Luchaze children do not know of the Mukissi or any other local tale.

但是,大多數(shù)盧卡茲的孩子 不知道姆基斯 或任何當?shù)毓适隆?/p>

【21】And that is because the 40-plus year-long war they have endured has created a gap in storytelling and has stripped away ownership of their heritage.

這是因為他們所經(jīng)歷的 長達 40 多年的戰(zhàn)爭 造成了講故事方面的空白, 并剝奪了他們對傳統(tǒng)的所有權。

【22】So now the ancient wisdom, which is key to stewardship, is locked in the older, disappearing generations.

因此,古老的智慧, 也就是管理工作的關鍵, 被封閉在老一輩人身上, 消失在代代流傳中。

【23】And so we started this journey to bring back these stories as an effort to restore pride and ownership.

因此,我們開始了這個過程, 以找回這些故事, 努力重拾自豪感 和曾經(jīng)擁有的東西。

【24】Oral storytelling has always played a fundamental role, not only in African culture but in conservation efforts, too.

口口相傳一直發(fā)揮著重要作用, 不僅在非洲文化中, 而且在保護工作中也是如此。

【25】We also do mapping exercises to help villagers visualize the influence and impact not only of their land, but also of their daily actions beyond their geographic reach.

我們還進行繪圖練習, 來幫助村民直觀了解其中的作用 和巨大影響,不僅是他們的土地, 還有他們在地理 范圍以外的日常行動。

【26】To give them a sense of importance to counteract how they felt abandoned all these years.

給他們一種被重視的感覺, 以抵消他們這些年來被拋棄的感覺。

【27】And we also help give them back the power of decision by instigating curiosity on alternative livelihoods that they can trial on.

我們還幫助他們重新獲得決策權, 通過激發(fā)他們嘗試 其他維持生計方式的好奇心。

【28】All of this in an effort to bring back ownership of their heritage and make them stewards of their own land and also of their own future.

所有這些努力都是為了 讓他們重新?lián)碛凶约旱倪z產(chǎn), 使他們成為自己土地 和自己未來的管理者。

【29】But see, through the years, that trust that I've mentioned before, grew stronger.

但是請看,通過這些年, 我之前提到的那種信任, 變得越來越強。

【30】So now they scold me, they teach, they feed, they protect me, they tell me secrets of their traditions.

所以現(xiàn)在他們罵我,他們教我, 他們喂我,他們保護我, 他們告訴我他們傳統(tǒng)的秘密。

【31】Children tease me and call me names, but I will never be one of them.

孩子們?nèi)⌒ξ?給我起綽號, 但我永遠不會成為他們中的一員。

【32】And thus they will never fully, truly trust me.

因此,他們永遠不會完全、 真正地信任我。

【33】But that is the point of this whole talk.

但這正是整個演講的重點。

【34】They're not supposed to trust me, you or anyone else coming in with a grand plan to save the world.

他們不應該相信我、你, 或其他任何帶著拯救世界的 宏偉計劃而來的人。

【35】They're supposed to trust themselves.

他們應該相信他們自己。

【36】Real community-based conservation goes much beyond ensuring an elder has a ceremonial seat at the table and is interviewed.

真正的以社區(qū)為基礎的保護 遠遠超出了確保長者在餐桌上 有一個禮儀性的席位 并接受采訪。

【37】It fosters fierce independence, doesn't further dependency.

它培養(yǎng)了強烈的獨立性, 而不是進一步的依賴。

【38】Lasting conservation comes from within.

持久的保護來自內(nèi)部。

【39】From believing, from belonging, from dreaming.

來自相信,來自歸屬感,來自夢想。

【40】So whether you are a conservationist yourself or a donor or a media outlet, or maybe just plain curious, let's be vessels for that, for stewardship, for ownership, for pride.

因此,無論你自己是環(huán)保主義者, 還是一個捐贈者或一個媒體機構, 或者只是單純的好奇, 讓我們成為這方面的載體, 為了管理,為了所有權, 為了自豪感。

【41】Don’t just tick the boxes.

不要只是在方框里打勾。

【42】Ask the difficult questions.

要問一些困難的問題。

【43】And always wonder: Are we working for communities or with communities?

并始終思考。 我們是“為”社區(qū)工作 還是“與”社區(qū)一起工作呢？

【44】Thank you.

謝謝你們。

【45】(Applause)