2020年考研英語(yǔ)二閱讀理解第四篇重點(diǎn)單詞匯總+翻譯

2020年考研英語(yǔ)二閱讀理解第四篇重點(diǎn)單詞匯總+翻譯
Now that members of Generation Z are graduating college this spring ---the most commonly-accepted definition says this generation was born after 1995, give or take a year?--- the attention has been rising steadily in recent weeks.?Gen Zs are about to hit the street looking for work in a labor market that’s tighter than it’s been in decades.?And employers are planning on hiring about 17 percent more new graduates for jobs in the U.S. this year than last, according to a survey conducted by the National Association of Colleges and Employers.?Everybody wants to know how the people who will soon inhabit those empty office cubicles will differ from those who came before them.
現(xiàn)在,Z一代成員在這個(gè)春天從大學(xué)里畢業(yè)了——最普遍接受的定義是這一代在1995年以后出生,或者前后一年左右——最近幾周關(guān)注度正在穩(wěn)步提升。Z一代們即將走上街頭去比最近幾十年更加緊張的勞動(dòng)市場(chǎng)尋找工作。通過(guò)國(guó)家大學(xué)生和雇主協(xié)會(huì)的一項(xiàng)調(diào)查,今年美國(guó)的雇主計(jì)劃將雇傭比去年多17%的畢業(yè)生。每一個(gè)人都想知道這些即將入住新辦公的人與他們之前的入住的人有什么不同。
If "entitled" is the most common adjective, fairly or not, applied to millennials (those born between 1981 and 1995), the catchowords for Generation Z are practical and cautious.?According to the career counselors and experts who study them, Generation Zs are clear-eyed, economic pragmatists.?Despite graduating into the best economy in the past 50 years, Gen Zs know what an economic train wreck looks like.?They were impressionable kids during the crash of 2008, when many of their parents lost their jobs or their life savings or both.?They aren’t interest in taking any chances.?The booming economy seems to have done little to assuage this underlying generational sense of anxious urgency, especially for those who have college debt.?College loan balances in the U.S. now stand at a record?$1.5 trillion, according to the Federal Reserve.
不論是否公平,如果用“享有權(quán)利”這個(gè)形容詞用于描述千禧一代“出生在1981到1995年代的人”是最常見(jiàn)的,那么對(duì)于Z一代的核心詞就是務(wù)實(shí)謹(jǐn)慎。根據(jù)研究Z一代的職業(yè)顧問(wèn)和專(zhuān)家的說(shuō)法,Z一代是頭腦清晰的經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)用主義者。盡管畢業(yè)在過(guò)去50年最好的經(jīng)濟(jì)時(shí)代,Z一代知道一輛經(jīng)濟(jì)列車(chē)失事后的樣子是什么樣的。在整個(gè)2008經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)中他們都是最易受影響的少年,那個(gè)時(shí)候他們的父母或者失去了工作,或者失去了一生的儲(chǔ)蓄,或者兩者都沒(méi)了。他們對(duì)任何冒險(xiǎn)都不感興趣。蓬勃的經(jīng)濟(jì)看起來(lái)沒(méi)有減緩這一代人根本的緊迫焦慮感,尤其對(duì)于那些背負(fù)助學(xué)貸款的學(xué)生。根據(jù)聯(lián)邦儲(chǔ)備統(tǒng)計(jì),美國(guó)大學(xué)的助學(xué)貸款現(xiàn)在到了1.5萬(wàn)億的紀(jì)錄。
One survey from Accenture found that 88 percent of graduating seniors this year chose their major with a job in mind.?In a 2019 survey of University of Georgia students, meanwhile, the career office found the most desirable trait in a future employer was the ability to offer secure employment(followed by professional development and training, and then inspiring purpose).?Job security or stability was the second most important career goal (work-life balance was number one) followed by a sense of being dedicated to a cause or to feel good about serving the greater good.
來(lái)自埃森哲的調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn),今年88%的畢業(yè)生是帶著工作的想法去選擇專(zhuān)業(yè)的。在2019年一個(gè)佐治亞州大學(xué)學(xué)生的調(diào)查,校就業(yè)辦發(fā)現(xiàn)未來(lái)最理想的雇主是能提供穩(wěn)定安全崗位“其次是有專(zhuān)業(yè)培訓(xùn)和發(fā)展,然后是有目標(biāo)有沖勁的?!惫ぷ鞯陌捕ㄊ堑诙匾穆殬I(yè)目標(biāo)“工作-生活相平衡才是第一選擇”,其次是獻(xiàn)身于一項(xiàng)事業(yè)或者是獲得更大的利益而感覺(jué)很好的工作。
That’s a big change from the previous generation.”?Millennials wanted more flexibility in their lives,”?notes Tanya Michelsen, Associate Director of YouthSight, a UK-based brand manager that conducts regular 60-day surveys of British youth, in findings that might just as well apply to American youth.?“Generation Zs are looking for more certainty and stability, because of the rise of the gig economy.”?Generation Zs are looking for more certainty and stability, because of the rise of the gig economy. They have trouble seeing a financial future and they are quite risk averse.”
對(duì)于前一代人,這發(fā)生了很大的變化。一個(gè)位于英國(guó)的品牌“青春視野”通過(guò)定期對(duì)英國(guó)年輕人進(jìn)行的60天的調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)這也適用于美國(guó)青年,該公司的聯(lián)合董事湯雅米克森經(jīng)理指出“千禧一代想要在他們的生活中更加靈活”。由于臨工經(jīng)濟(jì)的興起,Z一代正在尋找更確定以及更穩(wěn)定的工作。他們很難預(yù)見(jiàn)金融的未來(lái)并且他們非常討厭冒險(xiǎn)。
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member??n. 成員;會(huì)員;分子;身體部位(尤指胳膊或腿);構(gòu)件,部件
復(fù)數(shù):members
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generation??n. 一代人;一代;一批;產(chǎn)生
adj. 第…代的
復(fù)數(shù):generations
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graduate??n. 大學(xué)畢業(yè)生;畢業(yè)生
v. 獲得學(xué)位;授予學(xué)位文憑;中學(xué)畢業(yè);晉升
過(guò)去分詞:graduated
現(xiàn)在分詞:graduating
過(guò)去式:graduated
復(fù)數(shù):graduates
第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù):graduates
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spring ?n. 春天;彈簧;泉;活力;跳躍
v. 跳躍;突然說(shuō);營(yíng)救
過(guò)去分詞:sprung
現(xiàn)在分詞:springing
過(guò)去式:sprang
復(fù)數(shù):springs
第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù):springs
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common ?adj. 常見(jiàn)的;共有的;共同的;普通的;平凡的;眾所周知的;粗俗的
n. 公共用地;公共食堂
比較級(jí):commoner
最高級(jí):commonest
復(fù)數(shù):commons
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accept??v. 接受,接納;同意,相信;承認(rèn),承擔(dān);忍受
過(guò)去分詞:accepted
現(xiàn)在分詞:accepting
過(guò)去式:accepted
第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù):accepts
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definition??n. 定義,釋義;清晰(度)
復(fù)數(shù):definitions
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attention??n. 注意(力);興趣,關(guān)注;照料,維修;殷勤
int. 注意!立正!
復(fù)數(shù):attentions
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steadily??adv. 穩(wěn)定地;持續(xù)地;穩(wěn)固地
形容詞:steady
名詞:steadiness
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recent ?adj. 近來(lái)的;最新的
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street ?n. 大街,街道
復(fù)數(shù):streets
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labor ?n. 勞動(dòng);努力;工作;勞工
v. 努力爭(zhēng)取(for);苦干;詳細(xì)分析
adj. 勞工的,工會(huì)的;(常大寫(xiě))(英國(guó)或英聯(lián)邦國(guó)家)工黨的
vi. (指引擎)緩慢而困難地運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)
過(guò)去分詞:labored
現(xiàn)在分詞:laboring
過(guò)去式:labored
第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù):labors
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market??n. 集市;市場(chǎng);交易;行銷(xiāo)地;購(gòu)買(mǎi)的人數(shù);市場(chǎng)經(jīng)營(yíng)者;市場(chǎng)總額
v. 營(yíng)銷(xiāo)
過(guò)去分詞:marketed
現(xiàn)在分詞:marketing
過(guò)去式:marketed
復(fù)數(shù):markets
第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù):markets
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tighter ?adj. 緊的( tight的比較級(jí) );(安排)緊湊的;緊身的;嚴(yán)密的
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decade ?n. 十年
復(fù)數(shù):decades
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employer??n. 雇用者;雇主
復(fù)數(shù):employers
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plan ?n. 計(jì)劃;規(guī)劃;詳圖;平面圖;分布圖;投資方式
v. 計(jì)劃;期待;設(shè)計(jì)
過(guò)去分詞:planned
現(xiàn)在分詞:planning
過(guò)去式:planned
復(fù)數(shù):plans
第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù):plans
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hiring ?n. 雇用,租賃
adj. 雇用的,租賃的
v. 聘用( hire的現(xiàn)在分詞 );錄用;雇用;租用
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according??n. 協(xié)議,條約
v. 給予(某種待遇);(與…)一致,符合
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survey??n. 調(diào)查,勘測(cè);概述
v. 審察,測(cè)量;進(jìn)行民意測(cè)驗(yàn)
過(guò)去分詞:surveyed
現(xiàn)在分詞:surveying
過(guò)去式:surveyed
復(fù)數(shù):surveys
第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù):surveys
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conduct??v. 進(jìn)行,組織,實(shí)施;表現(xiàn),舉止;指揮;傳導(dǎo)(熱或電);帶領(lǐng)
過(guò)去分詞:conducted
現(xiàn)在分詞:conducting
過(guò)去式:conducted
復(fù)數(shù):conducts
第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù):conducts
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national ?adj. 國(guó)家的;民族的;國(guó)有的
n. 國(guó)民
復(fù)數(shù):nationals
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association ?n. 協(xié)會(huì),聯(lián)盟;關(guān)系;聯(lián)系,聯(lián)想;因果關(guān)系
復(fù)數(shù):associations
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inhabit ?vt. 居??;在…出現(xiàn);填滿
vi. 居住
過(guò)去分詞:inhabited
現(xiàn)在分詞:inhabiting
過(guò)去式:inhabited
第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù):inhabits
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empty??adj. 空的;無(wú)意義的;空虛的;無(wú)力的
v. 清空;流入
副詞:emptily
過(guò)去分詞:emptied
比較級(jí):emptier
最高級(jí):emptiest
現(xiàn)在分詞:emptying
過(guò)去式:emptied
第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù):empties
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office ?n. 辦公室;辦公樓;問(wèn)詢處;重要官職
復(fù)數(shù):offices
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cubicle??n. 小臥室,斗室
復(fù)數(shù):cubicles
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entitle ?v. 使符合資格;給…命名;給予…權(quán)利
過(guò)去分詞:entitled
現(xiàn)在分詞:entitling
過(guò)去式:entitled
第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù):entitles
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adjective??n. 形容詞
形容詞:adjectival
副詞:adjectivally
復(fù)數(shù):adjectives
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apply ?v. 申請(qǐng);應(yīng)用;適用;涂,敷;有關(guān),涉及;努力;使全神貫注于;按,踩
過(guò)去分詞:applied
現(xiàn)在分詞:applying
過(guò)去式:applied
第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù):applies
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millennial??adj. 一千年的,千福年的
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catchword ?n. 口號(hào),流行語(yǔ),(字典等每頁(yè)上端的)標(biāo)字;渡字
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practical ?adj. 實(shí)際的;務(wù)實(shí)的;可行的;有用的;明智的;心靈手巧的;實(shí)際上的
n. 實(shí)驗(yàn)課
復(fù)數(shù):practicals
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cautious ?adj. 小心的,謹(jǐn)慎的
副詞:cautiously
名詞:cautiousness
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career??n. 生涯;經(jīng)歷
v. 疾馳
adj. 就業(yè)的
過(guò)去分詞:careered
現(xiàn)在分詞:careering
過(guò)去式:careered
復(fù)數(shù):careers
第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù):careers
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counselor ?n. 顧問(wèn);律師;(使館等的)參贊;(協(xié)助學(xué)生解決問(wèn)題的)指導(dǎo)老師
復(fù)數(shù):counselors
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expert ?n. 行家
adj. 嫻熟的;行家的;專(zhuān)業(yè)的
副詞:expertly
復(fù)數(shù):experts
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clear-eye ?n. 鼠尾草屬的植物
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pragmatist ?n. 實(shí)用主義者
復(fù)數(shù):pragmatists
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despite ?prep. 盡管,雖然;不由自主
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economic??adj. 經(jīng)濟(jì)的;經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的;有利可圖的
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train??n. 火車(chē);行列;一系列相關(guān)的事情; 拖裾
v. 訓(xùn)練;教育;培養(yǎng);修整
過(guò)去分詞:trained
現(xiàn)在分詞:training
過(guò)去式:trained
復(fù)數(shù):trains
第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù):trains
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wreak ?vt. 造成(混亂或破壞);實(shí)施(報(bào)復(fù))
過(guò)去分詞:wreaked
現(xiàn)在分詞:wreaking
過(guò)去式:wreaked
第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù):wreaks
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impressionable??adj. (人,尤指年輕人)易受影響的
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boom ?n. 繁榮;突然風(fēng)靡的時(shí)期;增長(zhǎng);加快;成功;帆桁;水柵;深沉的響聲;支架;起重臂;吊桿
v. 繁榮;激增;吼叫;發(fā)隆隆聲;以低沉有力的聲音說(shuō)
過(guò)去分詞:boomed
現(xiàn)在分詞:booming
過(guò)去式:boomed
復(fù)數(shù):booms
第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù):booms
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assuage ?vt. 減輕;緩和;平息;使安靜
過(guò)去分詞:assuaged
現(xiàn)在分詞:assuaging
過(guò)去式:assuaged
第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù):assuages
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underlying ?adj. 潛在的,含蓄的;基礎(chǔ)的;表面下的,下層的;[法]優(yōu)先的
v. 優(yōu)先于(underlie的ing形式);構(gòu)成…的基礎(chǔ)(或起因),引起
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anxious??adj. 焦慮的,擔(dān)心的;緊張的;渴望的
副詞:anxiously
比較級(jí):more anxious
最高級(jí):most anxious
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urgency??n. 緊迫;急迫;急事;緊要
形容詞:urgent
副詞:urgently
復(fù)數(shù):urgencies
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especially??adv. 尤其;特別
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debt ?n. 債務(wù);負(fù)債;恩情;人情債
復(fù)數(shù):debts
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loan ?n. 貸款;借款;借出
v. 借給;出借
過(guò)去分詞:loaned
現(xiàn)在分詞:loaning
過(guò)去式:loaned
復(fù)數(shù):loans
第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù):loans
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stand??n. 臺(tái),看臺(tái);立場(chǎng);停止;抵抗
vi. 站立,起立;豎直放置;保持看法;停滯
vt. 使站立;忍受;抵御;承擔(dān)責(zé)任
vt.& vi. 站立,(使)直立,站著
過(guò)去分詞:stood
現(xiàn)在分詞:standing
過(guò)去式:stood
復(fù)數(shù):stands
第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù):stands
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balance??n. 均衡,平衡(能力);天平;余額
v. 比較,權(quán)衡;保持平衡;結(jié)算;抵消
過(guò)去分詞:balanced
現(xiàn)在分詞:balancing
過(guò)去式:balanced
復(fù)數(shù):balances
第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù):balances
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record ?n. 記錄,記載;唱片;(體育運(yùn)動(dòng)或活動(dòng)的)紀(jì)錄;履歷;案底
v. 記錄;記載;錄制;標(biāo)明,顯示
adj. 創(chuàng)紀(jì)錄的
過(guò)去分詞:recorded
現(xiàn)在分詞:recording
過(guò)去式:recorded
復(fù)數(shù):records
第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù):records
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trillion ?n. 萬(wàn)億;兆;[英]百萬(wàn)兆;大量
num. 數(shù)萬(wàn)億
復(fù)數(shù):trillions
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federal ?adj. 聯(lián)邦制的;聯(lián)邦政府的
副詞:federally
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reserve??v. 保留;預(yù)訂;擁有
n. 儲(chǔ)備;預(yù)備隊(duì)員;保護(hù)區(qū);寡言;謹(jǐn)慎;后備軍;底價(jià)
過(guò)去分詞:reserved
現(xiàn)在分詞:reserving
過(guò)去式:reserved
復(fù)數(shù):reserves
第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù):reserves
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Accenture ?n. 埃森哲
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senior??adj. 級(jí)別/地位高的,資深的;(比賽)成人的,高水平的
n. 較年長(zhǎng)的人;上司;資深運(yùn)動(dòng)員;高年級(jí)/畢業(yè)班學(xué)生
復(fù)數(shù):seniors
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major??adj. 重要的;嚴(yán)重的;大音階的;主修的
n. 少校;主修課程;主修…的學(xué)生;大型企業(yè);大聯(lián)盟
v. 主修
現(xiàn)在分詞:majoring
過(guò)去式:majored
復(fù)數(shù):majors
第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù):majors
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mind ?n. 思想;頭腦;思維方式;有才智的人;心思;記憶力
v. 煩惱;介意;當(dāng)心;服從;關(guān)心,照看
過(guò)去分詞:minded
現(xiàn)在分詞:minding
過(guò)去式:minded
復(fù)數(shù):minds
第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù):minds
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meanwhile??adv. 同時(shí);在此期間;與之相比
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desirable ?adj. 令人滿意的;值得擁有的;可取的;性感的
名詞:desirability
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future ?n. 未來(lái);前途;未來(lái)的事;期貨
adj. 未來(lái)的;(語(yǔ)法)將來(lái)時(shí)的
復(fù)數(shù):futures
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ability ?n. 能力;才能
復(fù)數(shù):abilities
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secure ?v. 爭(zhēng)取到,實(shí)現(xiàn);使固定,拴牢;保衛(wèi);抵押
adj. 安心的;穩(wěn)定的,安全的;堅(jiān)固的;鎖牢的
副詞:securely
過(guò)去分詞:secured
現(xiàn)在分詞:securing
過(guò)去式:secured
第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù):secures
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inspiring??adj. 鼓舞人心的;啟發(fā)靈感的
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purpose??n. 意圖,計(jì)劃;情勢(shì)需要;重要意義;意志
過(guò)去分詞:purposed
現(xiàn)在分詞:purposing
過(guò)去式:purposed
復(fù)數(shù):purposes
第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù):purposes
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security ?n. 保護(hù)措施;保衛(wèi)部門(mén);擔(dān)保;安全;防衛(wèi);抵押品;證券
復(fù)數(shù):securities
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stability ?n. 穩(wěn)定(性),穩(wěn)固;堅(jiān)定,恒心
復(fù)數(shù):stabilities
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important ?v. 獻(xiàn)(身),致力;題獻(xiàn)詞;為…舉行落成典禮
過(guò)去分詞:dedicated
現(xiàn)在分詞:dedicating
過(guò)去式:dedicated
第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù):dedicates
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dedicate ?v. 獻(xiàn)(身),致力;題獻(xiàn)詞;為…舉行落成典禮
過(guò)去分詞:dedicated
現(xiàn)在分詞:dedicating
過(guò)去式:dedicated
第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù):dedicates
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greater ?adj. 大的(great的比較級(jí))
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previous??adj. 先前的;以前的;過(guò)早的;(時(shí)間上)稍前的
adv. 在先;在…以前
副詞:previously
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flexibility??n. 靈活性;彈性;柔韌性
形容詞:flexible
副詞:flexibly
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associate??v. 聯(lián)想,聯(lián)系;使與(某個(gè)組織、事業(yè)或觀點(diǎn))有關(guān)系;公開(kāi)支持;與…交往
過(guò)去分詞:associated
現(xiàn)在分詞:associating
過(guò)去式:associated
復(fù)數(shù):associates
第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù):associates
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director??n. 導(dǎo)演;主任;經(jīng)理;院長(zhǎng);指揮
復(fù)數(shù):directors
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certainty??n. 確定;必然性;確定無(wú)疑的事情
復(fù)數(shù):certainties
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trouble ?n. 問(wèn)題,麻煩,困難;苦惱;疾病,疼痛;故障;紛爭(zhēng),騷亂;不便
v. 使煩惱,使憂慮;麻煩,打擾;費(fèi)心,勞神;使疼痛
過(guò)去分詞:troubled
現(xiàn)在分詞:troubling
過(guò)去式:troubled
復(fù)數(shù):troubles
第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù):troubles
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financial??adj. 財(cái)政的,財(cái)務(wù)的;金融的;有錢(qián)的
副詞:financially
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quite??adv. 很,相當(dāng);非常;的確;確實(shí)如此
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risk??n. 風(fēng)險(xiǎn),危險(xiǎn);隱患
v. 冒風(fēng)險(xiǎn);冒險(xiǎn)做
過(guò)去分詞:risked
現(xiàn)在分詞:risking
過(guò)去式:risked
復(fù)數(shù):risks
第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù):risks
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averse??adj. 不樂(lè)意的;反對(duì)的;[植]與莖方向相反的
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