重難點(diǎn)分析

虛擬語(yǔ)氣是英語(yǔ)中一個(gè)較大的語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目，高考語(yǔ)法填空曾經(jīng)設(shè)置過考點(diǎn)，考生應(yīng)予以重視。英語(yǔ)中的語(yǔ)氣分為陳述語(yǔ)氣、祈使語(yǔ)氣、虛擬語(yǔ)氣、疑問語(yǔ)氣和感嘆語(yǔ)氣五類。虛擬語(yǔ)氣表示說話人的愿望、假設(shè)、猜測(cè)或建議，而不是表示客觀存在的事實(shí)。此外如需表達(dá)主觀愿望或某種強(qiáng)烈的感情時(shí)，也可用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。虛擬語(yǔ)氣通過謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的特殊形式來表示。

一、虛擬語(yǔ)氣在從句中的用法和構(gòu)成一覽表

類別

用法

例句

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if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句

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與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反

從句動(dòng)詞：過去式(be多用were，但在口語(yǔ)中，如果主語(yǔ)是第一/三人稱，be動(dòng)詞可用was)；主句動(dòng)詞：should/would/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形

If he were here, he would ? help us. 如果他在這，他會(huì)幫我們的。

與過去事實(shí)相反

從句動(dòng)詞：had+過去分詞；主句動(dòng)詞：should/would/could/might + have+過去分詞

If I had been free, I would ? have visited you. 如果我那時(shí)有空，我就會(huì)去拜訪你了。

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與將來事實(shí)相反

從句動(dòng)詞：過去式/ should+動(dòng)詞原形/ were+不定式；主句動(dòng)詞：should/would/could/might +動(dòng)詞原形

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If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go camping. 如果明天下雨，我們就不去露營(yíng)了。

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其他狀語(yǔ)從句

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as if/though引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句中動(dòng)詞用過去式或過去完成式

They are talking was if ? they were/ had been friends ? for years. 他們交談著，好像是多年的老朋友。

even if/though引導(dǎo)的從句，與現(xiàn)在/將來事實(shí)相反時(shí)，從句動(dòng)詞用過去式，主句動(dòng)詞用should/would+動(dòng)詞原形；與過去事實(shí)相反時(shí)，從句動(dòng)詞用had+過去分詞，主句動(dòng)詞用should/would+ ? have+過去分詞

Even if we failed, we wouldn’t lose courage. 即使我們失敗了，我們也不會(huì)失去勇氣。

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賓語(yǔ)從句

demand, require, advise, ? suggest, order, insist(堅(jiān)持要求)等表命令、建議、要求的動(dòng)詞后所接的賓語(yǔ)從句中的動(dòng)詞用(should)+動(dòng)詞原形

He suggested that we (should) not change our mind. 他建議我們不要改變主意。

wish后所接的賓語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞分別用過去式、過去完成式和could/would+動(dòng)詞原形表示與現(xiàn)在、過去和將來情況相反的假設(shè)

I wish I could be a pop singer. 我希望我是一名流行歌手。

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主語(yǔ)從句

在It is ? necessary/important/strange that…, It is suggested/ ? demanded/ordered/requested that…等后所接的主語(yǔ)從句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用(should)+動(dòng)詞原形

It is strange that such a ? person should be our ? friends. 很奇怪的是這樣一個(gè)人會(huì)成為我們的朋友。

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表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句

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idea, advice, order, ? demand, request等表命令、建議、要求的名詞后所接的表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用(should)+動(dòng)詞原形

My advice is that you (should) finish your homework ? first. 我的建議是你首先應(yīng)該做完家庭作業(yè)。

The idea that you (should) go is right. 你走的建議是正確的。

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其他句型中

It is (high) time that…句型中定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過去式或should+動(dòng)詞原形(優(yōu)先使用過去式)

It is high time that we left. 該是我們離開的時(shí)候了。

would rather所接的從句中動(dòng)詞用過去式或者過去完成式

I would rather you stayed at home now. 我寧愿你現(xiàn)在待在家里。

if only句型中動(dòng)詞常用過去式或者過去完成式，表示強(qiáng)烈的愿望

If only our dream had come true!

要是我們的夢(mèng)想成真該多好！

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二、其他要注意的事項(xiàng)

1. 虛擬語(yǔ)氣中出現(xiàn)be的過去式，在口語(yǔ)中，當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是第一、三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，可用was，但在if的倒裝句中只能用were。如：Were I you, I would apologize to her. 如果我是你的話，我就會(huì)去向她道歉。

2. suggest表“暗示、表明”和insist表“堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為”時(shí)，其后的賓語(yǔ)從句用陳述語(yǔ)氣。如：

Your pale face suggests that you are ill. 你蒼白的臉色表明你生病了。

He insisted that he was right. 他堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為他是對(duì)的。(如insist表“堅(jiān)持要求”時(shí)，其后的賓語(yǔ)從句則要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣)

3. if虛擬語(yǔ)氣條件句中如有had, should, were，可省略if，并將這些詞提前引起倒裝。如：

Were I you, I would remain. 如果我是你，我會(huì)留下來。

Had you told me earlier, I wouldn’t have missed it. 如果你早點(diǎn)告訴我，我就不會(huì)錯(cuò)過它了。

4. 可用without, but for構(gòu)成的介詞短語(yǔ)代替虛擬語(yǔ)氣條件句。如：

But for your help, I would have failed the exam. 如果沒有你的幫助，我不會(huì)通過考試的。

Without water, there would be no life. 沒有水，就沒有生命。

5. as if/though, even if/though引導(dǎo)的從句也可以不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，表示真實(shí)的情況。如：

It looks as if it is going to rain. 看起來似乎要下雨了。

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考點(diǎn)練透

一、單句填空 用括號(hào)中所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。

1. — If he ___________ (warn), he ___________ (not take) that food.

— Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.

2. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it ___________ (break).

3. I would rather they ___________ (not hear) of the news.

4. I wish ___________ (have) a room of my won when I was a child.

5. But for the teacher, I ___________ (not change) my attitude to study yet.

6. Without air to hold some of the sun’s heat, the earth at night ___________ (be) freezing cold, too cold for us to stay.

7. If I had worked harder at school, I ___________ (sit) in a comfortable office now.

8. Her pale face suggested that she ___________ (be) ill, and her colleagues suggested that she ___________ (have) a medical examination.

9. I insisted he ___________ (go) to see a doctor, but he insisted nothing ___________ (be) wrong with him.

10. He asks that he ___________ (give) an opportunity to explain why he has refused to go there.

11. It is high time we ___________ (get) down to discuss this plan.

12. If it were not for the fact that you ___________ (be) too busy, I would ask you to help me do this right now.

13. Who do you suggest ___________ (send) to work there?

14. I would have come earlier, but I ___________ (not know) that you were waiting for me.

15. If it ___________ (rain) tomorrow, the outing would be cancelled.

16. If there were no air, people ___________ (die).

17. If he ___________ (study) harder, he might pass the exam.

18. If he ___________ (take) my advice, he would not have made such a mistake.

19. We would rather you ___________ (go) here tomorrow.

20. It is high time that you ___________ (go) to pick up your daughter at school.

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二、語(yǔ)篇填空 用括號(hào)中所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。

I am a middle school student. I have many dreams. If there ????1? ???(be) not so much homework, I would have more time to do what I like to do. How I wish I ????2? ???(listen) to my favorite music for an hour a day and ????3? ???(play) table tennis for an hour in the morning. It is my desire that we ????4? ???(hold) evening parties or ????5? ???(organize) some interesting activities at weekend. I suggest that there ????6? ???(be) not so many tests. You can imagine what life ????7? ???(will) be if I ????8? ???(realize) my dream. But I must fact the exams. Without good marks, I ????9? ???(will) not enter my ideal university. Anyway, it’s high time that I ????10? ???(encourage) myself and worked hard from now on.

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三、語(yǔ)法填空 閱讀下面短文, 在空白處填入一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。

What will happen if ice caps melt? The level of the world’s oceans will rise. ???1 ???this is not the real problem, the problem is that these white ice caps reflect sunlight, much of ???2 ???is reflected back into space, in turn ???3 ???(cool) earth, but with the ice caps melting, ???4 ???only reflector is the ocean, darker color absorbs sunlight causing further warming of the earth which can be up to 80 °C which is fatal (致命的) and can cause ???5 ???(extinct) of all living organisms.

●If all the ice melted, north and south pole, Antarctica, Greenland, and all, sea levels would rise ???6 ???175 and 225 feet.

●Coastal areas would essentially disappear, and roughly a third of the earth’s existing landmass (大陸) ???7 ???(flood). it is estimated that 60% of the world’s population lives in the coastal plains.

●Many inland ???8 ???(area) would be affected as well, because water tables, rivers, and lakes would all rise from ???9 ???(they) previous heights.

●The animals that live in the cold (polar bears, penguins and arctic foxes) will become endangered.

Most important of all, there are many other ???10 ???(predict) bad results human may be faced with. Are you afraid of that now?

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參考答案

考點(diǎn)練透

一、單句填空

1. had been warned; wouldn’t have taken? 2. were broken? 3. hadn’t heard? 4. had had? 5. wouldn’t have changed? 6. would be? 7. would be sitting? 8. was; (should) have? 9. (should) go; was? 10. (should) be give? 11. got? 12. are? 13. be sent? 14. didn’t know? 15. should/were to rain? 16. would die? 17. studied? 18. had taken? 19. went? 20. went

二、語(yǔ)篇填空

1. were? 2. listened? 3. played? 4. (should) hold? 5. (should) organize? 6. (should) be? 7. would? 8. realized / should realize / were to realize? 9. would? 10. encouraged

三、語(yǔ)法填空

如果地球上的冰帽都融化的話，會(huì)發(fā)生什么？

1. But? 考查連接詞。根據(jù)上文和空后的this is not the real problem可知填But。注意首字母要大寫。

2. which? 考查連接詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，much of ??2? ?is reflected back into space是個(gè)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是sunlight，故填which。

3. cooling? 考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。分析句子成分知道，動(dòng)詞cool在此是非謂語(yǔ)，與邏輯主語(yǔ)sunlight是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故填cooling作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)。

4. the? 考查冠詞。在序數(shù)詞和形容詞最高級(jí)及形容詞only, very, same等前需用定冠詞the。

5. extinction? 考查詞類轉(zhuǎn)換。作賓語(yǔ)用名詞形式。

6. between? 考查介詞。根據(jù)空后的…175 and 225 feet可知。between…and…意為“在……和……之間”。

7. would be flooded? 考查謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)前面的If all the ice melted和本段前面的Coastal areas would essentially disappear可知，此處是個(gè)虛擬語(yǔ)氣，且動(dòng)詞flood 與邏輯主語(yǔ)landmass存在被動(dòng)關(guān)系。故填would be flooded。

8. areas? 考查名詞單復(fù)數(shù)。此處area意為“地區(qū)”是可數(shù)名詞，根據(jù)上下文意不難得知此處應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

9. their? 考查代詞?？蘸笫敲~，故此處填形容詞性物主代詞。

10. unpredictable? 考查詞類轉(zhuǎn)換。語(yǔ)法角度：形容詞修飾名詞。句意角度：最重要的是，有很多其他人類可能會(huì)面臨的不可預(yù)測(cè)的糟糕結(jié)果。故填unpredictable最合適。

助讀詞匯

reflector n. 反射物????????????????? absorb vt. 吸收

essentially adv. 基本上?????????????? roughly adv. 粗略地?????

plain n. 平原?????????????????????? in turn 轉(zhuǎn)而??????????

be up to 達(dá)到?????????????????????? living organism 生物體???????????

north and south pole 北極和南極?????? coastal area 沿海地區(qū)????????????

it is estimated that… 據(jù)估計(jì)……?????? arctic fox 北極狐

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