【整理】F1 2020年技術(shù)規(guī)則與2019年對比(1)

????作了一波大死,刪東西的時候把寫好的存稿全刪了,,只能從今天開始慢慢一部分一部分的整理了,我盡量快的寫完吧,可能會分成兩三塊(但鑒于up明天要出去同學(xué)會,估計(jì)大概率是三天寫完),好了開始干活了?
聯(lián)動:第二期:CV3438480
? ? ? ? ? ? 第三期:CV3449535?

????作為舊規(guī)則下的最后一年,其實(shí)很容易猜到2020年與2019年的技術(shù)規(guī)則相比變化不會太大,就像當(dāng)年在確定2014年會引入弱子渦輪之后FIA完全放任了飲料廠一樣,狗奔如果還有什么黑科技的話估計(jì)FIA也不會管他們了(當(dāng)然我估計(jì)一直以來就沒怎么管過)
????2021年新車的渲染圖也好流傳的技術(shù)規(guī)格也好,網(wǎng)上已經(jīng)有不少這方面的東西了,在此也不多做評論(畢竟都是大家自己腦補(bǔ)出的東西,想想就好)
給大家貼兩張概念圖:


????大概就是這樣,而FIA則需要和車隊(duì)之間在9月15日之前達(dá)成一致,我想我們看到新的技術(shù)規(guī)范的那一天不遠(yuǎn)了,不過在此之前,我們還是回到今天要說的2020年的技術(shù)細(xì)則上來(以下正文,歡迎各位技術(shù)大佬來分析)
????開始正式寫之前還是老規(guī)矩求一波三連,畢竟手動翻譯這些技術(shù)文本還是很費(fèi)腦子的。。

車體及空力套件部分:
3.3.5條新增部分(紅字):
In addition, the leading 50mm of this bodywork, with the exception of fasteners and inserts as described below, must be of a prescribed laminate, details of this laminate may be found in the Appendix to the Technical Regulations.
Fasteners and related inserts, for the purpose of attaching the front wing endplate to the profiles must be positioned at least 30mm rearward of the leading edge of the endplate.
第二段的譯文:為了將前翼端板固定到車體上,緊固件和相關(guān)插入件必須位于端板前緣后方至少30 mm處。
????換句話說,前翼端板的緊固件和插入件的材料是不一定要采用規(guī)定的層壓板材料的(但是這個東西在規(guī)定之后到底有什么用處呢。。而且這個是新增語句,我猜測是擔(dān)心普通層壓板的強(qiáng)度不夠?)
3.3.6 關(guān)于前翼輪廓
????新增部分:The construction method described above may also be used to define the transition outboard of the single section defined by Article 3.3.1 and the sections that lie outboard of it. For the avoidance of doubt, these transition surfaces must lie entirely outboard of a vertical longitudinal plane that lies 250mm from the car centre plane.
????譯文:上述構(gòu)造方法也可用于定義第3.3.1條規(guī)定的單個截面外側(cè)的過渡段及其外側(cè)的截面。為避免嫌疑,這些過渡面必須完全位于一距離賽車中央平面250 mm的垂直縱向平面的外側(cè)。
????這一點(diǎn)我是基本上完全沒看懂,直接硬翻譯的,我把技術(shù)條款3.3.1的正文和3.3.1負(fù)責(zé)的區(qū)域貼在下面了,有對這方面比較了解的朋友歡迎在評論區(qū)科普或者給我私信,我明天補(bǔ)上
????(ps:按照下圖2的效果來看,明年的前翼翼面難道真的會是平的嗎(-_-||)還是說通巴基斯偷了個懶沒勾曲面啊。。)



3.5.1 關(guān)于引擎罩部分
????增加條款: d) In side view, the projected area of any bodywork lying between 550mm and 730mm above the reference plane and between 200mm and 450mm forward of the rear wheel centre line must be greater than 44990mm2
????譯文:在側(cè)視圖中,位于參考平面以上550mm至730mm以及后輪中心線前方200mm至450mm之間的任何車身投影面積必須大于44990mm2

????從上圖我們不難發(fā)現(xiàn),實(shí)際上后輪中心線前200mm到450mm是一塊比較小的區(qū)域,如果硬要形容一下的話,就是原來引入“鯊魚鰭”之后增加面積的那個部分中的一塊,如果要我推測一下為什么一定要搞這一出,我想可能還是擔(dān)心0 size之類的玩意兒再冒頭(?)(我覺得應(yīng)該不會再有這么蠢的人了啊。。)(但是單純從空力效應(yīng)的角度來講,面積小才能減小側(cè)風(fēng)對賽車行駛的影響才對)實(shí)際上這兩年的賽車已經(jīng)有了這塊的設(shè)計(jì)(尾鰭的下半部分印車號的位置)
第五部分:關(guān)于PU
5.17.8 Static components :
????a) Other than inserts within them, engine crankcases including sump, cylinder heads and cylinder head cam covers must be manufactured from cast or wrought aluminium or iron alloys.
????No composite materials or metal matrix composites are permitted either for the whole component or locally.
譯文:
5.17.8 靜態(tài)部件:
a)除內(nèi)部的插入件外,發(fā)動機(jī)曲軸箱(包括油底殼、氣缸蓋和氣缸凸輪(軸)蓋)必須由鑄造或鍛造鋁或鐵合金制成。
整個部件或局部不允許使用復(fù)合材料或金屬基復(fù)合材料。
????很奇怪的,這是我看了這么多東西以來第一條有刪除的東西,靜態(tài)部件不再要求一定要用鍛造或鑄造鋁,而是統(tǒng)一規(guī)定為“鋁”,不知道其中有什么門道
第七章:關(guān)于燃油及冷卻系統(tǒng)
這一整個部分都是新增條款:
7.9 AOT
????7.9.1 Only one AOT may be fitted to the car.
????7.9.2 The total volume of the AOT and its connections to the engine must not be greater than 2.5l. The transfer of oil between the AOT and the engine must be controlled by a solenoid.
譯文:7.9 輔助油箱
7.9.1車輛上只能安裝一個輔助油箱。
7.9.2 輔助油箱的總?cè)莘e及其與發(fā)動機(jī)的連接不得大于2.5升。輔助油箱與發(fā)動機(jī)之間的燃油傳輸必須由電磁閥控制。
????時隔多年之后副油箱這東西終于重回F1賽場了,不過2.5升顯然是拿給車手保命用的(我們來估算一下F1大概的油耗數(shù)值,2019年規(guī)定攜帶的油料上限從105公斤增加到了110公斤,假設(shè)是滿油起跑,而汽油的密度為0.7—0.78g/cm,我們按照0.7計(jì)算,110公斤汽油折算成體積是157升左右,再假設(shè)跑完300公里后車上的油基本跑光,所以按賽車的油耗大約會在百公里50L左右,換句話講,這2.5升油大概能撐一圈,省著點(diǎn)跑估計(jì)能勉強(qiáng)撐兩圈)
????主觀推測電磁閥會在檢測到主油箱快沒油的時候打開,簡單地講估計(jì)就是防止09年西班牙馬薩出的那檔子事兒再次發(fā)生吧(最后一個彎幾乎完全沒油了不得不讓大頭超過去,最后還沒法開回維修區(qū))
第九章:變速箱系統(tǒng)(這塊的細(xì)節(jié)描述補(bǔ)正相當(dāng)之多)
????9.2.1 Clutch operating devices must be in the form of paddles, which comply with the following principles:
a) There should be a maximum of two, mounted on the steering wheel for direct access in all circumstances.
b) They should be of pull-type, opening the clutch when pulling the paddle towards the driver.
c) Their travel should be in a plane nominally normal to the face of the steering wheel, with a maximum displacement of the driver’s contact surfaces of 80mm between end stops.
d) They should have only a single degree of freedom.
e) Where two paddles are fitted, they must be a left and right handed pair, identical in function and ergonomics, mounted in a symmetrically opposite manner on either side of the steering wheel centre plane. For the avoidance of doubt, they must have the same mechanical travel characteristics and be mapped identically.
No interaction between them or the associated FIA ECU inputs will be permitted and, furthermore, competitors must be able to demonstrate beyond any doubt that each of the paddles may only be operated with only one hand.
f) To ensure that the signals used by the FIA ECU are representative of the driver’s actions, each competitor is required to demonstrate that the paddle percentage calculated by the ECU does not deviated by more than +/-5% from the physical position of the operating device measured as a percentage over its entire usable range.
In that context, the physical position of the paddle will be measured at the location operated by the fingers.
????9.2.2 Designs which allow specific points along the travel range of the clutch operating device to be identified by the driver or assist him to hold a position are not permitted.
In order to prevent interaction between the clutch paddles and other driver control devices, at least one of the following arrangements must be respected:
a) When pulled to its maximum travel position, any clutch paddle should not reach further than the driver’s contact surfaces of any other paddle, lever or switch in any of their positions.
b) The outboard 60% portion of any clutch paddle, measured from its mounting point to its outer edge by the driver’s contact surface, should be a minimum of 50mm away over its entire travel range from any other paddle, lever or switch.
c) A clutch paddle should be separated from any adjacent paddle, lever or switch by a physical stop preventing any practical interaction between them by the driver. Such stop should be sized and shaped so that it cannot be used as a reference point during paddle operation.
In addition, other parts of the steering wheel or chassis should not be practically usable as reference points for the driver to identify or hold a specific position.
譯文:
????9.2.1 離合器操作裝置必須采用撥片形式,并符合以下原則:
a)最多安裝兩個,應(yīng)安裝在方向盤上以便在任何情況下直接操作。
b)它們應(yīng)為拉式,向駕駛員拉動撥桿時斷開離合器。
c)其行程應(yīng)在名義上垂直于方向盤表面所在的平面,端部止動塊之間駕駛員接觸面的最大位移為80 mm。
d)它們應(yīng)該只有一個行程。
e)在安裝了兩個撥片的情況下,必須是成對的左手和右手(撥片),功能和人體工程學(xué)相同,以對稱相反的方式安裝在方向盤中心平面的任一側(cè)。為避免嫌疑,它們必須具有相同的機(jī)械行程特性,并且具有相同的映射。(這句話翻譯出來總感覺怪怪的。。有大佬有更好的翻譯方式嗎)
它們之間或與相關(guān)的FIA ECU輸入之間不允許相互作用,而且,參賽者必須能證明每個撥片只能用一只手操作。
f)為了確保FIA ECU使用的信號能夠代表駕駛員的動作,要求各參賽者證明由ECU計(jì)算的撥片百分比與操作裝置的物理位置(以百分比計(jì))的偏差在整個撥片行程內(nèi)不超過+/-5%。
在這種情況下,撥片的物理位置將在手指操作的位置被測量。
????9.2.2 不允許有能夠使駕駛員識別離合器操作裝置行程范圍內(nèi)的特定點(diǎn)或協(xié)助其保持位置的設(shè)計(jì)。
為了防止離合器撥桿和其他駕駛員控制裝置之間的相互作用,必須至少遵守以下安排之一:
a)當(dāng)被拉到最大行程位置時,任何離合器撥桿都不應(yīng)超過任何其他撥桿、桿或開關(guān)在任何位置的駕駛員接觸面。
b)任何離合器撥片外側(cè)60%的部分,從其安裝點(diǎn)到駕駛員接觸面的外緣,在其與任何其他離合器片、離合器桿或離合器開關(guān)的整個行程范圍內(nèi),應(yīng)至少相距50 mm。(簡單地講,周圍方圓50mm內(nèi)不能有其他的操作撥桿之類的裝置)
c)離合器撥片應(yīng)與任何相鄰的撥桿、桿或開關(guān)分離,通過物理方式隔絕,防止駕駛員的操作使它們之間產(chǎn)生互動。這種阻擋裝置的尺寸和形狀應(yīng)使其不能在撥片操作期間被用作參考點(diǎn)。
此外,方向盤或其安裝基座上的其他零件實(shí)際上不應(yīng)用作駕駛員識別或保持特定位置的參考點(diǎn)。
相比之下,去年關(guān)于這一塊的描述要簡陋太多:(不多說,上原文)
9.2.1 If multiple clutch operating devices are used, they must all have the same mechanical travel characteristics and be mapped identically.
9.2.2 Designs which allow specific points along the travel range of the clutch operating device to be identified by the driver or assist him to hold a position are not permitted.
????很顯然,這就是明年規(guī)則的一個基礎(chǔ)性的說明(而且2020技術(shù)規(guī)則里也是有這兩條的,自己可以去對照前文)
????第一次FIA以如此大的篇幅補(bǔ)充了離合器撥片和換擋撥片的技術(shù)規(guī)范的具體執(zhí)行細(xì)節(jié),雖然實(shí)際上這些描述很好理解,但是讓人費(fèi)解的一點(diǎn)是:為什么FIA選擇在2020年的新規(guī)里才將這些細(xì)節(jié)性的描述加入技術(shù)規(guī)范?難道是19年某家的新車被檢查出有這方面鉆空子的嫌疑嗎?(難道是苦逼卡大失???)目前不得而知,希望有知道這個情況的大佬能在評論區(qū)科普一下。

????喵的今天就先寫到這兒,頭有點(diǎn)暈乎乎的,明天繼續(xù)更新,后續(xù)的內(nèi)容包括離合器,懸掛,后視鏡和駕駛艙及防滾架撞擊測試的一些修改和增添部分,不過也沒有再刪減的東西了
????啊對了,前一陣爆出的消息說邁隊(duì)已經(jīng)開始提前研發(fā)2020年的賽車了,而且宣言要重返爭冠集團(tuán),渣法口號中的不敗之師恐怕也要早做打算啊(笑)