第一次課

• 邏輯關(guān)系——并列/轉(zhuǎn)折/因果/條件

并列 and 二合一 v and v 動(dòng)作先后順序

or 二選一 either...or.../whether...or...

also/even/not only...but... 遞進(jìn) （并列往前發(fā)展一步 并列的一種） 強(qiáng)調(diào)

Besides,/What's more,/In addition,

Furthermore,.../Moreover,... 除此以外

轉(zhuǎn)折 although/though/while 雖然 盡管

but/yet/however 但是+重要信息

因果 because/...,+for（連詞）/since/as/in that(because) + 句子 原因

because of/due to/owing to + 短語(yǔ) 原因

so/Thus/Therefore,... 結(jié)果

條件 if/once（一旦）/unless/unless otherwise/until/even if/even though

• 變化

change v——n 具體名詞 錯(cuò)誤率高 computer/book

抽象名詞 正確率高 attitude/mind

become/turn to 變成 變得 +結(jié)果

go/get +adj. 狀態(tài)變化 go public/get angry

increase 增長(zhǎng) 數(shù)量 add/rocket（像火箭一樣增長(zhǎng)很快）/boost（爆發(fā)式增長(zhǎng)）

decrease 減少 數(shù)量 reduce/decline

improve 改善 提高 質(zhì)量 負(fù)——正

develop 發(fā)展（中性詞） 變化中

grow 成長(zhǎng) 積累 程度 少——多

• take 近——遠(yuǎn) 拿走 take 上課/從事工作

bring 遠(yuǎn)——近 帶來(lái)

take away 奪走 take off 起飛 take over 接管

• care n/v 關(guān)心 在意 care for/care about

careful adj. careless adj.

• in+籠統(tǒng)范圍 arrive in/in the morning

at+確切概念 arrive at/at 8 o'clock

on+特殊時(shí)間 on Friday/on a cold winter morning

in pain/in happiness/in silence/in tears 狀態(tài)

in order 按順序/in turn 輪流/in place of sth.替換/in return 作為回報(bào)/in a good mood 情緒好/in time 及時(shí)

• 看

look 隨意 look back 回顧 /look around 環(huán)顧四周...

n 外貌 外觀 appearance 眼神 a sad look

see 看到 理解 表面——本質(zhì) I see=understand

watch 觀看 長(zhǎng)時(shí)間

read vt 閱讀 仔細(xì) read the books

vi 寫(xiě)著 The book read/said,"..."

notice/spot 注意到 瞬間/偶然 notice n 聲明 告示

scan 瀏覽 掃描 快

observe 觀察 長(zhǎng)期 目的 observation n 觀察/observer 觀察者

witness 旁觀 目擊 客觀/無(wú)關(guān) 物 witness 人

stare at 盯 直視/凝視

glance at 瞥 不敢/不能直視

glare at 瞪 怒視 負(fù)（貶）

• promise 承諾/predict 預(yù)測(cè) +未發(fā)生

a promising student/country/plan 有前途的 正（褒）

• decide 決定/decision 決定

determine 下決心/determination 決心 心理

decide/determine to do sth. 決定了還沒(méi)做

• make 無(wú)——有 make friends/make mistakes

make up 彌補(bǔ) 化妝

make progress/make it

make a difference

• on 持續(xù) go on/keep on/on and on

主題 discussion on sth/agree on sth with sb

an activity on environmental protection

• courage n 勇氣 困難 courageous adj.

bravery n 勇敢 危險(xiǎn) brave adj.

encourage 鼓勵(lì) en-/-en 使動(dòng)

broaden/widen our horizons 拓寬視野

strengthen our abilities/skills 增強(qiáng)能力

enrich our daily life 豐富生活

discourage 沮喪 depress 情緒低落 depression n

sad/unhappy-discouraged/depressed 不開(kāi)心

happy-delighted 開(kāi)心 :D

• hope/wish to do sth.-want to do sth. 想做某事

• be interested in 感興趣

be keen on sth. 熱衷

be enthusiastic with sth./be passionate for sth. 熱愛(ài)

• surprised 中 意想不到

astonished 中 意想不到

puzzled 負(fù) 困惑 不知道為什么 what/why

confused 負(fù) 混亂 不知道怎么辦 which/how

shocked 負(fù) 震驚 心理落差 極端 夸張

amazed 正 驚嘆 贊嘆

• homework=class tasks=school assignments 作業(yè)

class/lesson/course/subject/program 課程

works 著作 作品

• expert/hope to do sth 期待+正

beyond expectation 超越預(yù)期

unexpected people 不速之客

• disappoint/disappointment 負(fù)面結(jié)果

• plan/schedule/arrangement 計(jì)劃 日程 安排 順序

• 伴隨 with/without

with + 短語(yǔ) with each passing day/with my growth

as + 句子 as each day passed/as I grew

within 范圍之內(nèi)/beyond 范圍之外

• believe v 相信 認(rèn)為 think/suppose

belief n 信仰 觀點(diǎn) opinion/view/idea

relieve/relief 負(fù)——正 如釋重負(fù)

relax/relaxation 正 開(kāi)心愉快

第二次課

• leave vi. 離開(kāi) I left. vt. 離開(kāi) I left the classroom.

leave+sth. 留下某物

leave for some place 去某處

leave n. 請(qǐng)假

• so that/so as to 為的是

He worked with great efforts so that he could finish the task on time. 句子

He worked with great efforts so as to finish the task on time. （前后主語(yǔ)一樣 可以轉(zhuǎn)換）短語(yǔ)

• pride/proud 驕傲 正面結(jié)果

• admit 被迫承認(rèn) 允許進(jìn)入 admission n.

adjust 調(diào)整 改變 目的/細(xì)節(jié) adjustment n.

adapt 適應(yīng) 改編 adaptation n.

adopt sth. 采納 接受 adopt sb. 收養(yǎng)某人 adoption n.

accept sth. 接受 accept ab. 對(duì)某人有好感 acceptance n. acceptable adj. 可以接收到

• look for/search for/seek 尋找 過(guò)程

find/discover 找到 結(jié)果

explore 探索 未知 explore one's potential 發(fā)掘潛力

search+some place 搜索某處

found-founded-founded 建立 establish

founding fathers 開(kāi)國(guó)元?jiǎng)?/p>

• 知道

know 熟悉 knowledge 知識(shí)

know of/hear of 聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò) hear from 收到某人音信

recognize 認(rèn)出 辨認(rèn) 區(qū)分 recognition 認(rèn)知 認(rèn)可

I was recognized as "Student of the Year." 被選為

remember 記得 想起 重復(fù)性認(rèn)知 知——不知——知

realize 意識(shí)到 首次認(rèn)知 內(nèi)因

understand 理解 首次認(rèn)知 外因

remind 提醒 知——不知——知 remind sb. of sth.

I was reminded of the news=I remembered the news.

• show sb. around/show sb. the way 給某人帶路

show up/turn up/appear 出現(xiàn)

show off 炫耀

• since 原因 邏輯關(guān)系

自從 時(shí)間標(biāo)志 完成時(shí)

...現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)...since...過(guò)去...

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)標(biāo)志

since+過(guò)去/so far/by now/ever since/over the last...

• act-action-activity-active

action 動(dòng)作（伸手...） movement 運(yùn)動(dòng)（勻速直線運(yùn)動(dòng)...）

activity/event/day 活動(dòng)

participated in this activity 參與 概括

the event started with sth. 開(kāi)始

the day ended wth sth. 收尾

active 主動(dòng)的 passive 被動(dòng)的

positive 積極的 negative 消極的

optimistic 樂(lè)觀的 pessimistic 悲觀的

• reach an agreement=reach a consensus 達(dá)成一致

agree 贊同（別人）

• as+短語(yǔ) 作為某種身份/性質(zhì)

as+句子 伴隨 因?yàn)? 正如 倒裝轉(zhuǎn)折標(biāo)志

As you know,.../As an old saying goes,... 正如

Tired as we felt,a sense of pride filled through our hearts.

Difficult as the problem may be,there is always a solution.

倒裝轉(zhuǎn)折標(biāo)志 （We felt tired,but...）強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài) adj.

• regret 后悔 自身過(guò)錯(cuò)

guilt/guilty（adj.） 負(fù)罪感 愧疚 自身過(guò)錯(cuò)

• He didn't give up,though.=However,he didn't give up.

• 想

think 隨意 thoughts 想法

think over 仔細(xì)考慮 go over 復(fù)習(xí)

consider=think over and over again 深思熟慮

considerate/consideration 關(guān)心體貼

I'd like to express my sincere appreciation 衷心感謝） for your help,support and consideration.=Thank you fou your help.

figure v. 算計(jì) 思考 figure out sth. 想出來(lái)

n. 數(shù)字 圖表 人物形象 public figures

reflect/reflection 反射 思考

• chance/opportunity/possibility 機(jī)會(huì)

• experience n. 經(jīng)歷 一次經(jīng)驗(yàn)

experiences n. 多次經(jīng)歷

experience v. 經(jīng)歷過(guò) 感受到 得到某種感受

人物情感

...具體動(dòng)作結(jié)果/外在環(huán)境...，which allowed ab. to experience a moment of...人物情感...

• hold 握著 拿著 hold the box 堅(jiān)持 hold my view

grasp 握著 掌握 grasp some skills

catch 抓住 狀態(tài)

seize 抓 動(dòng)作 seize my arm/hair 負(fù)

seize the time/opportunity 中

• if 主將從現(xiàn) 虛擬語(yǔ)氣 假設(shè)例子

• patient/patience 耐心 impatient

patient n. 病人

• curious-curiosity（n.）好奇 想知道

generous-generosity 慷慨大方 kindness

anxious-anxiety 焦慮 懸而未決 worried

various-variety 多樣的 不同 different

a lot of/many/a variety of/a number of 許多

Different people hold various opinions.

differ from/different/difference/differently 不同

vary from/various/variety 不同

• 給 give/offer/provide/present

pass/hand 傳遞 距離近

send/deliver 發(fā)送 距離遠(yuǎn)

devote 奉獻(xiàn) 抽象概念 devotion/contribution（n.）

donate 捐贈(zèng) 具體事物 danation（n.）

• 得到 get/gain/obtain/acquire

win/achieve/accomplish +正面結(jié)果

experience +感受

• imagine/imagination 假 天馬行空

pretend/assume/as if +非真實(shí)

• in time 及時(shí) 解決問(wèn)題

on time 準(zhǔn)時(shí) 時(shí)間標(biāo)準(zhǔn) punctual/punctuality 守時(shí)

• check 檢查 有沒(méi)有 是否

examine 檢查內(nèi)部問(wèn)題 examine ab. 體檢

• doubt/suspect 懷疑 不相信 doubtful/skeptical 負(fù)

• learn 學(xué)習(xí)/study 研究

learning methods 學(xué)習(xí)方法 language learning 語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)

teach v. 教授

introduce/instruct/explain/guide/direct v. 教授講授

teach English=introduce some learning methods

=instruct some language practices

=explain the difference among words

introduction/instruction/explanation/guidance/direction n. 教授講授

• return 回來(lái) 歸還 在——不在——在

• before/after 先后順序

It was 3 days before he forgave（原諒） me. 才 動(dòng)作來(lái)之不易

過(guò)了3天，他才原諒我。

It was+ 時(shí)間 +when/before/since+sb. did sth.

It was 12 o'clock when he arrived home.

時(shí)間點(diǎn)+瞬間

It was 3 years before he was released（釋放） from prison（監(jiān)獄）.

時(shí)間段+一次性動(dòng)作 ——?jiǎng)幼鱽?lái)之不易 才發(fā)生

三年了，他才被從監(jiān)獄里釋放出來(lái)。

It was 3 years since he went to school.

時(shí)間段+多次性動(dòng)作 ——兩次動(dòng)作之間的間隔 沒(méi)發(fā)生

他已經(jīng)三年沒(méi)去上學(xué)了。

第三次課

• by 被動(dòng)標(biāo)志 be done by sb./sth.

動(dòng)作方式 sb. do sth. by doing sth. 概況+具體

時(shí)間標(biāo)志 到某事為止 by 1998 完成時(shí)標(biāo)志

• run 跑 run away 跑遠(yuǎn)了 away 距離

run off/escape 逃跑 off 不在原處

運(yùn)作 開(kāi)辦 run a small grocery（小賣(mài)部）/a company

• choice 選擇 范圍

• friend n. 朋友 friendly adj. 友好的

friendliness n. 友好 friendship n. 友誼

• lost adj. 迷失的 loss n. 損失

• remind v. 提醒

• feel/sense v. 感受到

feeling n. 感受 抽象 喜怒哀樂(lè)

sense n. 知覺(jué) 具體 聽(tīng)覺(jué) 嗅覺(jué)

a feeling of/a sense of... ···感

sensible adj. 有知覺(jué)的 可感知的

sensitive adj. 敏感的 sensitivity 靈敏度

sense n. 道理 sth. make sense=sth. is reasonable 某事是合理的

Nonsense！/It doesn't make sense. 不合理/沒(méi)道理

• 愉快

adj. happy/delighted/pleasant/enjoyable/joyful

n. happiness/delight/pleasure/enjoyment/joy

• strange 奇怪 stranger 陌生人

• comfortable 舒適 主觀感受

• 困難

difficulty/trouble/problem/challenge/obstacle/barrier

failure/fail to do sth. 沒(méi)能做到某事 失敗

disappointment/discouragement/depression/regret 負(fù)

adjustment（調(diào)整）/mind and attitude/analysis（分析）/judgment（判斷） 調(diào)整

advantage/strength/inner value（內(nèi)在價(jià)值）/merit 優(yōu)勢(shì)

disadvantage/weakness（弱點(diǎn)）/drawback（缺點(diǎn)）/limitation（局限） 劣勢(shì)

bounce back（重整旗鼓）/constant efforts（持續(xù)努力）/persistence（堅(jiān)持不懈） 韌性

success/achievement/accomplishment（成就） 成功

aim/goal/target/purpose/destination 目標(biāo)

• 努力 hard adv. hard-working n.

effort n. make great efforts/with efforts（伴隨著努力）

spare no efforts to do sth. 不遺余力

strive to do sth. 努力做某事

effective adj. 有效果的 好壞 effect 效果

efficient adj. 有效率的 快慢 efficiency 效率

effect n. affect v. 影響=influence n./v. 影響

• try/attempt to do sth. 試圖做某事 無(wú)結(jié)果

succeed in doing sth. 成功 fail to do sth. 失敗

manage to do sth. 設(shè)法做成某事 結(jié)果+過(guò)程

success/succeed/successful/successfully 備選詞匯

• What a shame！=What a pity！太可惜了

Shame on you！ 太可恥了

• continue 繼續(xù) 重復(fù)前面動(dòng)作

• excited/thrilled adj. 興奮

excitement/thrill n. 興奮

• follow 跟隨 下——上

lead 帶領(lǐng) 上——下

• ignore 忽視 刻意

overlook 忽視 無(wú)心

• lucky 幸運(yùn) 偶然

luckily/fortunately 幸運(yùn)的是 負(fù)——正

• still 仍然 狀態(tài)不變 前后呼應(yīng) He was still reading.

Still,... 不過(guò) 轉(zhuǎn)折 Still,he managed to find a way.

still adj. 靜止的 stand still/Still water runs deep.

• call up 打電話 呼叫

call on/appeal 呼吁 懇請(qǐng)

call off/cancel 取消

call out/shout 大聲呼喊

• carry 攜帶 狀態(tài)

• go 進(jìn)行 How's everything going？（一切進(jìn)行得如何？）

Everything went smoothly.（一切都進(jìn)行得很順利）/go over 復(fù)習(xí)

• hand 遞給 親手 具體事物

face 面對(duì) 負(fù)面情況 face sth.=be faced with sth.

head 朝···走 去往 head for+destination

• once n. 一次 for once/for twice/for three times

adv. 曾經(jīng) 與現(xiàn)在相反 對(duì)比

conj. 一旦 if 語(yǔ)氣增強(qiáng) Once 句首+未發(fā)生

• start/beginning 開(kāi)始 end 結(jié)尾

• from...to... 從起點(diǎn) 到終點(diǎn)

up 用完 eat up/spend it up/time is up（時(shí)間到）

up to you 由你決定

• attend 參加 take part in/join/participate in

attend school 上學(xué) attend the patients 照顧病人

flight attendant 空乘人員 CA/cabin attendant

• break n. 中斷 間隔 class break/lunch break

v. 打斷 折斷 負(fù)

break up 分手

break out 爆發(fā) war/disease/quarrel（爭(zhēng)吵）

break down 出故障 broken

break off 擺脫 control/bad habits/negative effect（負(fù)面影響）

• calm 冷靜-nervous/anxious/worried 緊張 不安

• concern 擔(dān)憂

• hesitate to do sth. 做某事猶豫不決

without hesitation 猶豫不決

• 說(shuō)

say 隨意 The book said/read 寫(xiě)著 saying n.諺語(yǔ)

speak 大聲說(shuō) speaking English/speaker（揚(yáng)聲器）

tell 告訴 tell sb sth. 概括 the stroy tells us that...

區(qū)分辨別 tell right from wrong/tell the diffenence

talk 談?wù)? 目的 talk about sth. 中 talk about sb. 負(fù)

chat 閑聊 無(wú)目的

announce 宣告/declare 宣布/state 陳述/inform 通知 正式動(dòng)作+正式內(nèi)容

whisper 低聲說(shuō) shout/yell 嚷嚷 scream 尖叫 情緒

• turn v. 翻轉(zhuǎn) n. 回合

turn on/off 開(kāi)關(guān) turn up/down 大小

turn up 出現(xiàn) turn down 拒絕

turn in/hand in 上交 hand out 下發(fā)

turn out 原來(lái)是··· 模糊——確切

The man turned out to be my friend.

這個(gè)男人原來(lái)是我的朋友。

turn to sb. for help 向某人求助

• save/keep/protect/prevent sb. from doing sth.

讓某人不去做某事

讓某人做某事（要求）

make/have/let sb. do sth. 中

ask/order/get/cause/drive sb. to do sth. 中

force（強(qiáng)迫）/urge（催促） sb. to do sth. 負(fù) 情緒

讓某人做某事（允許）

allow/enable ab. to do sth.

sb. did sth. ,which allowed sb. to do sth. 結(jié)果+作用/影響

• ask 隨意 問(wèn) ask for sth.=call for sth.=need

argue 爭(zhēng)論 中 reason 爭(zhēng)辯 中 reasonable adj. 合理的

quarrel 爭(zhēng)吵 負(fù)

fight 爭(zhēng)斗 負(fù)+ 極端 fight against myself/disease

question n. 問(wèn)題 中 v. 質(zhì)問(wèn) 負(fù) -ing/-ed/-able