2023年上半年四六級(jí)漢譯英練習(xí):春分
前三期回顧:春季的前三個(gè)節(jié)氣
本期是春季第四個(gè)節(jié)氣:春分
Translation: Translate the following passage into English.
長(zhǎng)文版:
? ? ? ?春分(Spring Equinox),是二十四節(jié)氣之一,春季第四個(gè)節(jié)氣。此時(shí)太陽(yáng)黃經(jīng)達(dá)0°,通常于每年公歷3月19-22日交節(jié)。春分的“分”有兩個(gè)含義,一是“季節(jié)平分”,春分日正處于立春立夏兩個(gè)節(jié)氣之間,平分了整個(gè)春季;另一是“晝夜平分”,春分這天太陽(yáng)直射赤道,南北半球晝夜等長(zhǎng),自這天以后太陽(yáng)直射點(diǎn)(subsolar point)由赤道繼續(xù)向北半球推移,北半球各地白晝開(kāi)始長(zhǎng)于黑夜,南半球與之相反。春分在氣候上也有比較明顯的特征,中國(guó)除青藏高原、東北地區(qū)、西北地區(qū)和華北地區(qū)北部外,均進(jìn)入了明媚的春天。春分日,中國(guó)民間有放風(fēng)箏、吃春菜、立蛋等風(fēng)俗,其中,如果一個(gè)人能在春分日把雞蛋成功立起,這預(yù)示著今年一年他將充滿好運(yùn)。
新詞匯:
1- 太陽(yáng)黃經(jīng):celestial longitude(四級(jí)會(huì)提示,六級(jí)需要知道這個(gè)詞)

2- 有關(guān)地理詞匯的經(jīng)緯度和海拔高度:
? ?2.1 經(jīng)度:longitude????????? ?2.2 緯度:latitude????????????? ?2.3 海拔高度:altitude
? ?易混詞:
? ?態(tài)度:attitude;????????? ?感激之心:gratitude;???????????資質(zhì),習(xí)性,天賦:aptitude
(小知識(shí)看后文)
3- equinox和solstice:equinox和solstice分別表示“分”和“至”節(jié)氣,因此這里有
? ?3.1 Spring Equinox 春分;Autumn Equinox 秋分
? ?3.2 Summer Solstice 夏至;Winter Solstice 冬至
? ?這兩個(gè)單詞都是來(lái)自拉丁語(yǔ)構(gòu)詞,equi- 等分;nox是拉丁語(yǔ)夜晚的意思。
? ?而sol是拉丁語(yǔ)太陽(yáng)(el sol),(luna是拉丁語(yǔ)月亮 la luna),stice是表示“靜態(tài)”,
? ?所謂至,就是太陽(yáng)到此為止,就將返回,地理現(xiàn)象上體現(xiàn)的就是太陽(yáng)日照最長(zhǎng),從此開(kāi)始返回,日照越來(lái)越短(夏至),直至最短(冬至)再返回變長(zhǎng)。
? ?也就是說(shuō),太陽(yáng)公公每年都在這兩條最長(zhǎng)和最短的線上不停奔跑!至這兩個(gè)點(diǎn)就要折返跑!
難點(diǎn):
1- 怎么理解“交節(jié)”? 交節(jié)就是開(kāi)始的時(shí)間,occur,take place,happen都行
2- 公歷的翻譯:the solar calendar,是陽(yáng)歷的同義詞。宗教色彩上它還叫the Gregorian calendar,記住前者即可。農(nóng)歷:the lunar calendar.
3- 本文再次涉及“要把漢語(yǔ)字解釋給外國(guó)人”的場(chǎng)景構(gòu)建,所以仍然需要在括號(hào)里做上備注。加之春分的“分”,是在中文節(jié)氣名字里提及,所以要括號(hào)里備注上春分的中文讀音。
4- 部分地區(qū)中的部分:比如 華北北部地區(qū),要如何翻譯這里的“部”?region in region顯得不太合適,出現(xiàn)了冗余。比region小一級(jí)別的“部”,可以考慮使用part。
上期回顧:
1- 北半球 ____________________?
2- 南半球 ____________________
3- 赤道 ____________________
4- 春意盎然 ____________________
5- 仲春 ____________________
6- 一日之計(jì)在于晨,一年之計(jì)在于春 ____________________________________________
7- 華北地區(qū) ____________________
8- 青藏高原 ____________________
9- 江南大部分地區(qū) _____________________
10- 東南沿海地區(qū) _____________________
11- 雨水(節(jié)氣)?____________________
12- 毛毛細(xì)雨(單詞)____________________
參考譯文
????????Spring Equinox is one of the 24 Chinese solar terms also the fourth of the spring solar terms which usually occurs between March 19th and 22nd on the solar calendar. Celestial longitude on Spring Equinox arrives at zero.The Chinese character "Fen" (written as "分") in ?"Chun Fen" (春分,the Chinese name of Spring Equinox) has two meanings here, one is that it divides equally the season: Spring Equinox is in the right?middle between the two solar terms?The Beginning of Spring and The Beginning of Summer, dividing the whole spring season into two equal halves. The other is that it divides a day into equal day and night hours. On the day of Spring Equinox, the sun is right direct above the equator making day and night hours right the same in both northern and southern hemisphere. After this day, the subsolar point will keep moving toward the northern hemisphere, day hours becomes longer than night hours in the whole northern hemisphere, while in the southern hemisphere it goes the opposite. Climate chracterstic of Spring Equinox is also distinctivene, its in warm and brigt spring in regions across China except the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, northeastern, northwestern and the northern parts of the northern China regions. There are traditions and customs amongst the Chinese folk such as flying kites, eating spring vegetables and standing eggs On Spring Equinox day, for standing eggs, if one can stand upright an egg on Spring Equniox day, it foretells that he/she will have a year full of good luck.??
小知識(shí):
等分地球南北半球的是赤道(equator),緯度0(latitude 0°)
0°經(jīng)線是本初子午線(prime meridian)
等分地球東西半球的是西經(jīng)20°(20th meridian west),東經(jīng)160°(160th meridian east)
(更多知識(shí)請(qǐng)看后文)
短文版:(回顧練習(xí)用,注意帶下劃線詞匯記憶)
? ? ? 春分,是二十四節(jié)氣中第四個(gè)節(jié)氣。此時(shí)太陽(yáng)黃經(jīng)達(dá)0°,通常于每年公歷3月19-22日交節(jié)。春分日處于立春立夏兩個(gè)節(jié)氣正中間,平分了整個(gè)春季;此外,春分這一天將晝夜等分,太陽(yáng)直射赤道,南北半球晝夜等長(zhǎng),此后太陽(yáng)直射點(diǎn)由赤道繼續(xù)向北半球推移,北半球各地白晝開(kāi)始長(zhǎng)于黑夜。春分期間,中國(guó)除青藏高原、東北地區(qū)、西北地區(qū)和華北地區(qū)北部外,均已春意盎然。春分日,中國(guó)民間有放風(fēng)箏、吃春菜、立蛋等風(fēng)俗。
更多知識(shí)(看一看就行,四六級(jí)同學(xué)不用背,不用背,不用背~~)
表達(dá)具體的經(jīng)緯度只要 N(北緯),S(南緯),W(西經(jīng))和E(東經(jīng))
國(guó)際日期變更線是 International Date Line
北回歸線是 Tropic of Cancer(cancer這里不是癌癥,是巨蟹座)
南回歸線是 Tropic of Capricon(capricon是魔羯座)
把地球分成東西半球的經(jīng)線圈是西經(jīng)20度,東經(jīng)160度,可不是0度哦!
