八、使役動(dòng)詞 使役動(dòng)詞是英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的一種，通常表達(dá)的含義是使、讓、令等。其后除了要接賓語(yǔ)，還要接賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)包括：動(dòng)詞原形、裸不定式、形容詞、副詞，過(guò)去分詞等。 1.As you may know,I usually eat quite a lot of carrots when I teach grammar. 你可能知道，我教語(yǔ)法時(shí)經(jīng)常吃很多胡蘿卜。 know,eat,teach后跟一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)就能使意義完整。如：know the fact,eat carrots,teach grammar. 但在句子如I make the wolf eat carrots from time to time.中，make這個(gè)動(dòng)詞接上賓語(yǔ)之后表達(dá)的意思并不完整，比如這里make the wolf表達(dá)的意思是我使狼，意思并不完整。這類詞（有使、讓、令等意思的詞，即使役動(dòng)詞）后面除了接賓語(yǔ)，還要補(bǔ)充賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)來(lái)使句意的表達(dá)趨于完整。 2.make（隱含意義強(qiáng)迫或需要某人做某事） I make the wolf eat（動(dòng)詞原形） carrots from time to time. 我使狼也偶爾吃些胡蘿卜 eat和make兩個(gè)都是動(dòng)詞原形，則make是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，而eat是不定式，只不過(guò)不加to而已，一般這種將to省略的不定式稱其為祼不定式。很多所謂的動(dòng)詞原形就是裸不定式。 I can eat carrots. 這種make后跟的祼不定式的eat和助動(dòng)詞后跟的真正動(dòng)詞原形eat是不一樣的。 The carrot made the wolf full（形容詞賓補(bǔ)）. 3.let（隱含意義為允許某人做某事，但不絕對(duì)） I'll let wolf eat some chocolate. Let me out?。╫ut為副詞而非介詞，作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)） 4.have ①表有：I Have a pen.I have an apple. ②做助動(dòng)詞：I have eaten the apple. ③做使役動(dòng)詞（隱含意義為給某人一個(gè)責(zé)任、任務(wù)做某事）： I'll have the wolf（賓語(yǔ)） wash the dishes. I had someone wash my car. I had someone do my nails. 我讓某人修了指甲 someone這種不明確的賓語(yǔ)可省略 I had my car washed. I had my nails done. 以上兩句中賓語(yǔ)從someone變成了更具體的my car,my nails.賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)變成了過(guò)去分詞，相當(dāng)于被動(dòng)： My car was washed （by someone）as I wanted. My nails were done（by someone）as I wanted. I'll have the dishes washed. ④have＋賓語(yǔ)＋過(guò)去分詞也可能沒(méi)有任務(wù)的含義 也可能是遭遇不幸。如 I have my carrot stolen yesterday. 我的胡蘿卜昨天被偷了 5.get（通常隱含意義為說(shuō)服、鼓勵(lì)某人做某事） I got a letter from a friend. Do you get what I mean? I'll get the wolf to clean the kitchen after she washes the dishes. get的賓語(yǔ)后要接完整動(dòng)詞不定式，即帶to的不定式，而不能是裸不定式。 I'll have someone wash my car for 100 yuan. 我會(huì)讓人100塊就把我車洗了。 I'll get the wolf to wash my car for free. 我會(huì)（想辦法）讓狼免費(fèi)給我洗車。 I'll get someone to wash my car for 100 Yuan.我會(huì)說(shuō)服某人100塊就把我的車洗了。 這里別人洗車隱含的意義是自己占了大便宜，要去說(shuō)服別人幫你洗才行。 I got my nails done.和I had my nails done都表示我讓人修了指甲，大意基本沒(méi)區(qū)別。