20230224 單詞學習匯總
20230224 單詞學習匯總
Technology Diffusion: vs. technology infusion, Determinants, Categories
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
Technological diffusion is the process by which the adoption of new technology spreads widely. Adoption may be by the household or company. They began to utilize technology in their daily lives.
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Difference between technology infusion and technology diffusion
In a company, technology infusion measures the extent to which new technology permeates into the organization. Whereas diffusion measures the extent to which the technology spreads throughout the organization.
To distinguish the two, let’s take the example of new accounting software technology. Technology infuses an organization when, for example, all finance department staff use it. It does not diffuse because not all departments use it. Instead, the adoption of new Microsoft Office software diffuses the organization because its use spreads throughout the entire department, not just the finance department staff.
Factors affecting technology diffusion
The four main factors that influence the spread and adoption of new technology are:
The nature and degree of innovation of new ? ? ?technologies. This factor is ? ? ?difficult to measure, especially when technology is truly new. We do not ? ? ?know precisely how innovative is the major innovative inventions such as ? ? ?lights and locomotives were of its time.
Communication channel. This factor determines the transfer of information from one ? ? ?unit to another. Nowadays, the internet facilitates information and the ? ? ?adoption of new technologies more quickly. When there is an innovation in ? ? ?a country, the information can quickly spread to various countries through ? ? ?the internet.
Time. The ? ? ?new technology takes time to be widely adopted.
Characteristics of human resources. This factor can be related to demographic variables such ? ? ?as education level or social system, such as the presence of opinion ? ? ?leaders.
Adopter categories
Adoption curve
Everett Rogers classifies consumers into five groups based on their level of adoption of new technologies. They are:
Innovator. ? ? ?They are the most enthusiastic about new technology and are willing to ? ? ?take risks. They tolerate risk because they have secure financial ? ? ?resources to absorb risk.
Early adopters. They are generally opinion leaders and do not necessarily ? ? ?adopt new technology. They are wise in considering the consequences of ? ? ?utilizing a new technology.
Early majority. This group adopts new technology after innovators and ? ? ?early adopters used it. They rarely act as opinion leaders and generally ? ? ?have an average social status.
Late majority. This group will adopt it only if most of the people have ? ? ?taken it. They tend to be skeptical of the presence of new technology.
Laggards. They ? ? ?consist of individuals who tend to be stiff to change. They adopted new ? ? ?technology after almost everyone used it, and it has become a trend in ? ? ?society.
archi·pel·ago n.
? /?ɑ?k??pel?ɡ??/ ?
( pl. -os-oesor )
a group of islands and the sea surrounding them 群島；列島；群島周圍的海
?
?value-?laden adj.
influenced by personal opinions 受主觀價值影響的；主觀的
? ‘Freedom fighter’is a value-laden word. “自由戰(zhàn)士”是個帶有主觀判斷的詞。
con·tin·gent ? /k?n?t?nd??nt/ ?
~ (on/upon sth)( formal ) depending on sth that may or may not happen 依情況而定的
· ?All payments are contingent upon satisfactory completion dates. 所有的付款須視是否如期完成而定。
DERIVATIVES 派生詞
con·tin·gent·ly adv
mal·le·able adj. ? /?m?li?bl/ ?
( technical 術語) ( of metal, etc. 金屬等 ) that can be hit or pressed into different shapes easily without breaking or cracking 可鍛造的；可軋壓的；易成型的
2. ( of people, ideas, etc. 人、思想等 ) easily influenced or changed 可塑的；易受影響（或改變）的
DERIVATIVES 派生詞
mal·le·abil·ity [ U] /?m?li??b?l?ti/ ? ?/?m?li??b?l?ti/ ? n
· accommodating /??k?m??de?t??/
o ADJ If you describe someone as accommodating, you like the fact that they are willing to do things in order to please you or help you. 樂于助人的
? ?Eddie was among the most approachable athletes on the team, always very accommodating to me. ?艾迪是隊里最容易接近的運動員之一，總是很樂于幫助我。
· derail /d??re?l/ ?
o 1.V-T To derail something such as a plan or a series of negotiations means to prevent it from continuing as planned. 打亂 (原定計劃)
? ?The present wave of political killings is the work of people trying to derail peace talks. ?現(xiàn)在的政治謀殺浪潮是那些試圖破壞和平談判進程的人所為。
o 2.V-T/V-I If a train is derailed or if it derails, it comes off the track on which it is running. 脫軌
? ?At least six people were killed and about twenty injured when a train was derailed in an isolated mountain region. ?火車在一片偏僻的山區(qū)脫軌，導致至少六人死亡，約二十人受傷。
?
· prescribe /pr??skra?b/
o 1. V-T If a doctor prescribes medicine or treatment for you, he or she tells you what medicine or treatment to have. 開 (藥、處方)
? ?The physician examines the patient then diagnoses the disease and prescribes medication. ?內(nèi)科醫(yī)生檢查了病人，然后對疾病作出診斷，并開出藥方。
? ?She took twice the prescribed dose of sleeping tablets. ?她服用了所開劑量兩倍的安眠藥。
o 2. V-T If a person or set of laws or rules prescribes an action or duty, they state that it must be carried out. 規(guī)定
? ?...article II of the constitution, which prescribes the method of electing a president. ?…規(guī)定總統(tǒng)選舉辦法的憲法第二條。
· knit /n?t/
o 1.V-T/V-I If you knit something, especially an article of clothing, you make it from wool or a similar thread by using two knitting needles or a machine. 編織
? ?I had endless hours to knit and sew. ?我有無數(shù)的時間來縫縫織織。
? ?I have already started knitting baby clothes. ?我已經(jīng)開始織嬰兒的衣服了。
o 2.COMB in ADJ Knit is also a combining form. 編織 (用于合成詞中)
? ?Ferris wore a heavy knit sweater. ?菲立斯穿著一件織得厚厚的毛衣。
o 3.V-T If someone or something knits things or people together, they make them fit or work together closely and successfully. 緊密連接
? ?The best thing about sports is that they knit the whole family close together. ?體育運動最大的好處就是將全家緊密連接在一起。
o 4.COMB in ADJ Knit is also a combining form. 緊密連接 (用于合成詞中)
? ?...a closer-knit family. ?…一個連接更為緊密的家庭。
o 5.V-I When broken bones knit, the broken pieces grow together again. (骨頭) 愈合
? ?The bone hasn't knitted together properly. ?骨頭還沒有完全愈合。
