「釋義」

精益生產(chǎn)是一種系統(tǒng)性的生產(chǎn)方法，其目標在于減少生產(chǎn)過程中的無益浪費，為終端消費者創(chuàng)造經(jīng)濟價值。

?簡單來說，精益生產(chǎn)的核心是用最少工作，創(chuàng)造價值。精益生產(chǎn)主要來源于豐田生產(chǎn)方式 (TPS)的生產(chǎn)哲學，因此也稱為豐田主義。TPS以降低降低浪費、提升整體客戶價值而聞名。

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「應用場景」

當豐田在二戰(zhàn)之后的數(shù)十年里首次設計它的“豐田生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)”(Toyota Production System ，簡稱TPS)時，一個影響是該公司缺乏與美國資本雄厚的大型汽車制造商競爭的資源。它的TPS精益生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)著實是制造業(yè)的一場革命，立足于從附近供應商那里迅速拉出的最小庫存。世界各地的許多不同工業(yè)部門都已復制了這一系統(tǒng)。

When Toyota first designed its?Toyota Production System?(TPS) in the decades following World War II, one influence was the company’s lack of resources to compete with well-capitalized large automakers in the United States. Its TPS lean production system was truly a revolution in manufacturing and was predicated on minimal inventory that was pulled quickly from suppliers located nearby. It has been replicated around the world in many different industrial sectors.

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高效的運輸物流已誘使各大企業(yè)建立起分布于全球的精益生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)。像蘋果公司的蒂姆·庫克這樣的行業(yè)領袖所宣稱的庫存“從根本上來講是有害的”反映了這樣一種主流的觀點，即供應鏈上的庫存不僅有過時的危險，它還意味著本可以用于更好目的的現(xiàn)金被套牢。因此，隨著企業(yè)從“豐田城”模式（供應商集中于緊密地理區(qū)域）轉向跨越全球的供應鏈（由可靠和可預測的物流環(huán)節(jié)連接起來），他們都隨時隨地盡可能不斷擠出他們供應鏈上的庫存。

Efficient transport logistics have lulled major companies into building globally distributed, lean production systems. Pronouncements by industry leaders like Apple’s Tim Cook that?inventory is “fundamentally evil”?reflect the prevailing view that inventory along the supply chain not only risks obsolescence, it represents cash that is tied up that could be used for better purposes. So as companies have moved from a “Toyota City” model with suppliers clustered in a tight geographical area to supply chains that span the globe connected by dependable and predictable logistics links, firms have continued to squeeze inventory out of their supply chains whenever and wherever possible.

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《制造業(yè)回歸美國知易行難》

史兆威

2020年5月刊

“Bringing Manufacturing Back to the U.S. Is Easier Said Than Done”

by Willy C. Shih

編輯：馬冰侖?