TED演講者：Anushka Ratnayake / 阿奴詩卡 · 拉特納亞克

演講標(biāo)題：A transparent, easy way for smallholder farmers to save / 一種透明、簡單的小農(nóng)儲蓄方式

內(nèi)容概要：A safe space to save money is life-changing -- especially for the 60 million smallholder farmers in West Africa (the majority being women) who often live on less than two dollars a day. Poverty fighter Anushka Ratnayake introduces her nonprofit myAgro, which offers farmers a place to save small amounts of money and allows them to access those funds as they need them. Over the next five years, myAgro plans to reach a million farmers in West Africa, providing a stress-free, transparent and convenient system that empowers agricultural entrepreneurs by putting the purchasing power it takes to run a successful farm in their hands. (This ambitious plan is a part of the Audacious Project, TED's initiative to inspire and fund global change.)

一個安全的儲蓄場所可以改變生活，特別是對每天的生活費不足兩美元的西非 6000 萬小農(nóng)戶（大部分是婦女）來說。扶貧斗士阿奴詩卡 · 拉特納亞克（Anushka Ratnayake）介紹了她的非營利組織 myAgro，該組織為農(nóng)民提供了一個儲蓄小額資金的地方，并允許他們在需要的時候取出這些資金。在未來 5 年，myAgro 計劃覆蓋西非 100 萬農(nóng)民，提供一個無壓力、透明和便捷的系統(tǒng)，通過將經(jīng)營一個成功農(nóng)場所需的購買力賦予農(nóng)民企業(yè)家自己，使其更加強大。（這個雄心勃勃的計劃是 TED 激勵和資助全球發(fā)展變化的 Audacious Project 的一部分。）

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【1】In West Africa, where I live, there are 60 million smallholder farmers.

在我生活的西非, 那里有 6000 萬小農(nóng)戶。

【2】Smallholder farmers are the largest group of people living on less than two dollars a day.

他們是每天生活費 不足兩美元的最大群體。

【3】Many go hungry each year because they don't grow enough to eat.

每年都有很多人挨餓, 因為他們種的糧食不夠吃。

【4】Government subsidies, which could be as much as 90 million in a single year for a country, don't meet full demand and are often driven to large farms and male farmers, even though women are the backbone of farming in Africa.

國家每年 可能高達 9000 萬的政府補貼 并不能滿足所有需求, 而且盡管婦女才是非洲農(nóng)業(yè)的支柱, 補貼往往流向大型農(nóng)場 和男性農(nóng)民那里。

【5】Despite these investments, yields per hectare haven't increased significantly in over four decades.

盡管有這些資助, 但每公頃農(nóng)田的產(chǎn)量在 40 多年來 并沒有顯著增加。

【6】So smallholder farmers earn the bulk of their cash at harvest time, but then, fast-forward nine months later, at planting time, they're cash-poor again.

小農(nóng)戶在收獲季節(jié)掙到大部分的錢, 但到了 9 個月后的播種季節(jié), 他們就又缺錢了。

【7】The prevailing assumption is that farmers need grants, subsidies or credit in order to be able to invest in their farms.

普遍的設(shè)想是農(nóng)民需要撥款、 補貼或信貸, 才有能力投資他們的農(nóng)田。

【8】But we found a surprising insight.

我們發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個令人驚訝的見解。

【9】The fundamental problem isn't that farmers have no cash.

根本的問題不是農(nóng)民沒有錢。

【10】It's that they don't have it when they need it.

而是當(dāng)他們需要用錢的時候, 他們手頭上沒有。

【11】I first came across this paradox in 2008, when I was working in microcredit.

我在 2008 年從事小額信貸工作時, 首次接觸到這個悖論,

【12】Farmers would ask me things like, "Can I over-repay my loan for next year's loan?"

農(nóng)民們會問我一些問題比如, “我可以為明年的貸款 超額還貸嗎？”

【13】or, "Hey, could I repay my loan a year in advance?"

或者“我可以提前一年還貸嗎？”

【14】Even though they were using the language of credit, what they were actually describing was a need to save.

雖然他們講的是信貸術(shù)語, 但實際上他們表達的是 一種儲蓄的需求。

【15】But do farmers have any money to save?

但是農(nóng)民有錢存儲嗎？

【16】Do people living on less than two dollars a day have any money to save?

每天生活費不到兩美元的人 有錢可存嗎？

【17】Well, it turns out that they do, just in very small increments.

事實證明他們有, 只是能存的量很少。

【18】At a local market, they might sell a few eggs for a dollar, or sell a goat for 10, work on someone else's farm, and over time, you can imagine how that money could add up.

在當(dāng)?shù)厥袌? 他們可以賣幾個雞蛋掙 1 美元, 或賣一只山羊掙 10 美元, 也可以在別人的農(nóng)場工作賺錢, 隨著時間的推移, 你可以想象這些錢會怎樣增加。

【19】But many farmers live far away from banks, so they hold that money on them, or they hide it at home, where it's at risk of theft, fire, even flood.

但很多農(nóng)民住得遠離銀行, 所以他都把錢放在身上, 或者藏在家里, 這樣他們就面臨著被盜、 火災(zāi)甚至洪水的風(fēng)險。

【20】And hey, even without those risks, money at home is tempting.

而且即使沒有這些風(fēng)險, 錢留在家里也會誘人消費。

【21】It's hard to hold on to cash.

想留住現(xiàn)金是很困難的。

【22】And sometimes, the smartest thing to do might be to spend it.

有時最明智的做法 可能就是把錢花掉。

【23】So the real problem that farmers face is that they lack a safe place to save.

所以農(nóng)民面臨的真正問題是 他們?nèi)鄙侔踩膬π顖鏊?/p>

【24】And if they could save, they could afford to buy what they need to make their farms more productive and resilient to climate change.

如果他們能夠儲蓄, 他們就能夠買得起他們需要的東西, 從而使他們的農(nóng)場更加高產(chǎn), 以及更能應(yīng)對氣候變化。

【25】This is a 100-billion-dollar problem in sub-Saharan Africa each year.

這是個關(guān)乎于撒哈拉以南非洲地區(qū) 每年 1000 億美元的問題。

【26】Setou, a peanut farmer in Mali, was facing a similar challenge.

在馬里,種花生的農(nóng)民澤圖（Setou） 也面臨過著類似的挑戰(zhàn)。

【27】When we met in 2014, she was feeling overwhelmed.

當(dāng) 2014 年我們相遇時, 她感到不知所措。

【28】Climate change was hurting her harvest, and at planting time, she didn't even have money to rent a cow to plow her farm, let alone money for improved seeds and fertilizer.

氣候變化當(dāng)時正損害她的收成, 并且她甚至沒有錢在播種的時候 租一頭牛來犁地, 更不用說買改良種子和肥料了。

【29】But we realized she could have saved for what she needed if she had a safe place to do so.

但我們意識到, 如果她有一個安全的儲蓄場所, 她就可以為她需要的東西存錢了。

【30】Our nonprofit, myAgro, helps farmers in Mali, Senegal and Tanzania save up, little by little, for the improved seeds and fertilizer they need.

我們的非營利組織 myAgro, 幫助馬里、塞內(nèi)加爾和坦桑尼亞的農(nóng)民 一點點地逐漸攢錢, 來購買他們需要的改良種子和肥料。

【31】Together, these help improve harvests and generate a 3x return on their investment.

總之,這些會幫助提高收成 并產(chǎn)生 3 倍的投資回報。

【32】Here's how the program works.

這個項目是這樣運行的。

【33】We start with a young entrepreneur like Demba.

我們從年輕企業(yè)家登巴 （Demba）開始入手。

【34】We equip him with a smartphone and our app, myAgro Connect, so that he can manage his sales territory.

我們給他配備的智能手機里有應(yīng)用程序 myAgro Connect, 這樣他就可以管理他的銷售區(qū)域了。

【35】At harvest time, Demba visits farmers in his village and asks them if they want to sign up for a myAgro package to improve their harvest and income.

在收獲季節(jié), 登巴會拜訪同村的農(nóng)民, 詢問他們是否愿意簽約 myAgro 項目 以提高他們的收成和收入。

【36】After a farmer signs up, they can pay slowly, over the course of nine months.

在農(nóng)民簽約之后, 他們可以在未來 9 個月里 慢慢進行支付。

【37】To collect their savings payments, we replicate the way people buy prepaid minutes for their phone.

為了收集他們的儲蓄付款, 我們采取了與人們購買手機預(yù)付分鐘 相同的方式。

【38】It's really simple - you buy a scratch card, scratch off the back, and a unique code appears, which you text in to validate your payment.

這方法真的很簡單 買一張刮卡, 刮掉背面的涂層 就會出現(xiàn)唯一編碼, 通過短信發(fā)送編碼 就可以驗明你的話費支付。

【39】We use the same technology to help farmers save up for the planting period, and because farmers are familiar with how it works, they trust it and use it correctly.

我們用同樣的方法 幫助農(nóng)民為播種期儲蓄, 同時因為農(nóng)民們 熟悉它的運行過程, 他們信任它并能正確地使用。

【40】It's also so much more transparent than traditional methods, which is usually, you hand over your cash to an agent, without any receipt.

它也比傳統(tǒng)的 只是讓你把錢交給代理人 而沒有任何收據(jù)的方法透明很多。

【41】With our platform, we know exactly who has made a payment and when and how much the village entrepreneur needs to transfer to us.

有了我們的平臺, 我們確切地知道誰支付了款項, 以及農(nóng)村企業(yè)家 需要在何時向我們轉(zhuǎn)賬多少。

【42】A farmer can also pay directly via mobile money, if they have it.

如果有智能手機的話, 農(nóng)民也可直接在手機上移動支付。

【43】Farmers are able to save up in a way that's joyful.

農(nóng)民能夠以一種快樂的方式儲蓄。

【44】They often hold on to their scratch cards, and they look at them with awe and pride of how much they've been able to save over time.

他們經(jīng)常拿著自己的刮卡, 懷著敬意和自豪的心情 看著這些卡, 看看他們隨著時間的推移 存了多少錢。

【45】It's transparent, convenient and stress-free.

這種方式透明、便捷 并且沒有壓力。

【46】Tell me, when was the last time your bank made you that happy?

和我講講,銀行上一次讓你這么開心 是在什么時候？

【47】Designing - Designing a savings plan this way has made it particularly easy for women.

設(shè)計 設(shè)計這種方式的儲蓄計劃 對女性來說尤其容易使用。

【48】They value the democratic access to seeds and fertilizer, and the savings cadence matches the small amounts of money they earn each week at local markets.

他們看重以民主的方式 來獲取種子和肥料, 這種儲蓄節(jié)奏 與她們每周在當(dāng)?shù)厥袌?賺取的少量金錢相匹配。

【49】In a region where 20 percent of women own a bank account, 60 percent of myAgro farmers are women.

在一個只有 20% 的女性 擁有銀行賬戶的地區(qū)里, 女性占了 myAgro 的用戶的 60%。

【50】In 2021, the average myAgro farmer grew two times more food than non-myAgro farmers in the same area.

在 2021 年,myAgro 用戶的平均糧產(chǎn)量 在同一地區(qū)比非 myAgro 用戶多兩倍。

【51】This translates to 200 dollars of additional net income.

這相當(dāng)于額外凈收入 200 美元。

【52】For context, for a farmer living on 1.50 per day, that's a 35 percent increase.

舉個例子,對于每天生活費 為 1.5 美元的農(nóng)民, 這意味著 35% 的收入增長。

【53】And by expanding the purchasing power for smallholder farmers, the financial prospects of young entrepreneurs like Dembe are also improving.

通過擴大小農(nóng)戶的購買力, 像登巴這樣的年輕企業(yè)家的財務(wù)前景 也在得到改善。

【54】Before myAgro, he was doing OK selling goods on his own, but now, selling seeds and fertilizer to his community via our model, he is thriving.

在加入 myAgro 之前, 他靠自己賣東西賺得還行, 但現(xiàn)在通過我們的模式 向他的社區(qū)出售種子和肥料 使他的生意蒸蒸日上。

【55】He bought two freezers to expand his business, and he dreams of building a home for his family.

為了擴大業(yè)務(wù),他買了兩個冰柜, 并且還夢想著為家人建一個家。

【56】Last year, Dembe served 400 farmers in his village.

登巴去年為他同村的 400 個農(nóng)民 提供了服務(wù)。

【57】Using a savings-led model has many benefits.

使用儲蓄主導(dǎo)模式有很多好處。

【58】For the farmers, it's reliable and low-stress.

對農(nóng)民來說, 這是可靠和低負擔(dān)的。

【59】For the organization, it means we don't need to raise large amounts of working capital each year.

對于整個非盈利組織來說, 這意味著我們不需要每年籌集 大量的運營資金。

【60】Instead, we're unlocking capital from farmers directly.

相反的是, 我們直接從農(nóng)民那里釋放資金。

【61】And by offering farmers a trusted and transparent way to save their own money, they are breaking the cycle of poverty for their families and entering a cycle of investment and growth.

通過向農(nóng)民提供一個 可信且透明的方式 來幫他們節(jié)省自己的錢, 他們正在打破他們家庭的貧困循環(huán), 并且進入投資和增長的循環(huán)。

【62】Meanwhile, Setou has transformed her life, all with the power of her own savings and farming.

與此同時, 澤圖用自己的儲蓄和耕種 改變了她的生活。

【63】In 2014, she decided to try us and planted a quarter of her peanut farm with us.

她在 2014 年決定嘗試加入我們, 并用自家花生地的四分之一 參與了我們的項目。

【64】Each year, with her increased profits, she reinvested a portion in building her assets.

隨著每年利潤的增加, 她都會將一部分利潤 再投資于資產(chǎn)建設(shè)。

【65】Today, she owns ten cows, which she rents out to her neighbors to earn additional income.

如今她擁有十頭牛, 她可以將其出租給鄰居來賺取額外的收入。

【66】Last year, she planted her entire one-hectare peanut farm with myAgro.

去年,她使用 myAgro 種植了 全部 1 公頃的花生地。

【67】And with her profit, she proudly moved her family from their one-bedroom home ...

有了利潤之后, 她自豪地把家人從只有一居室的房子里

【68】to this.

搬到了這里。

【69】And now, the next generation is benefiting from Setou's smart farm investments.

現(xiàn)在,下一代正受益于 澤圖英明的農(nóng)場投資。

【70】When we get this model to scale, it will be transformational.

當(dāng)我們將這種模式規(guī)?；瘯r, 它將變得是變革性的。

【71】Today, we serve over 100,000 farmers, and with investments in data and technology, our audacious vision is to reach one million farmers in the next five years.

如今,我們?yōu)槌^十萬名農(nóng)民 提供服務(wù), 同時通過對數(shù)據(jù)和技術(shù)的投資, 我們大膽的愿景是在未來 5 年內(nèi) 覆蓋 100 萬農(nóng)民。

【72】We believe we can harness the power of farmers' own savings to greatly reduce poverty and hunger in West Africa.

我們相信我們能夠利用 農(nóng)民自己的儲蓄 來大大減少西非的貧窮和饑餓。

【73】Now is the time to use a savings-led approach to ending poverty for farmers.

是到了用儲蓄為主導(dǎo)的方法 來結(jié)束農(nóng)民貧窮的時候了。

【74】Thank you.

謝謝大家。