{"ops":[{"attributes":{"class":"normal-img"},"insert":{"native-image":{"alt":"read-normal-img","url":"https://b1.sanwen.net/b_article/7fe7894e5180bf05f9f4e99b401e238ff73b61fa.jpg","width":1200,"height":1200,"size":387908,"status":"loaded"}}},{"insert":"\n先看評(píng)論區(qū)！先看評(píng)論區(qū)！先看評(píng)論?。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。?."},{"attributes":{"header":1},"insert":"\n"},{"insert":"武器名稱：卡曼萊德步槍（Kammerlader）"},{"attributes":{"list":"bullet"},"insert":"\n"},{"insert":"槍械種類：后膛槍（Breechloading Rife）"},{"attributes":{"list":"bullet"},"insert":"\n"},{"insert":"結(jié)構(gòu)類型：曲柄式閉鎖（Crank arm breechblock）"},{"attributes":{"list":"bullet"},"insert":"\n"},{"insert":"產(chǎn)地國(guó)籍：挪威（Norway）"},{"attributes":{"list":"bullet"},"insert":"\n"},{"insert":"生產(chǎn)年份；1842-1870"},{"attributes":{"list":"bullet"},"insert":"\n"},{"insert":"彈藥種類：鉛彈→米涅彈→邊緣發(fā)火彈"},{"attributes":{"list":"bullet"},"insert":"\n"},{"insert":"發(fā)明者：炮兵上尉Frederik W.Scheel/槍械工程師Niels Gregersen"},{"attributes":{"list":"bullet"},"insert":"\n"},{"insert":"生產(chǎn)廠家：康士伯兵工廠（Konsberg Vapenfabrik）"},{"attributes":{"list":"bullet"},"insert":"\n"},{"insert":"\n*注：此類“升膛”式后膛結(jié)構(gòu)并非卡曼萊德獨(dú)有。\n"},{"attributes":{"class":"normal-img"},"insert":{"native-image":{"alt":"read-normal-img","url":"https://b1.sanwen.net/b_article/f327d2065abbcf38b8e25ebfb5a394985abb22bc.jpg","width":1920,"height":864,"size":189986,"status":"loaded"}}},{"insert":"【早在霍爾1819（Hall M1819）步槍上就有此類結(jié)構(gòu)出現(xiàn)】\n\n"},{"attributes":{"class":"normal-img"},"insert":{"native-image":{"alt":"read-normal-img","url":"https://b1.sanwen.net/b_article/7d9e1e6ad4801434f32cbb855058b74b276c4a80.jpg","width":1563,"height":798,"size":894389,"status":"loaded"}}},{"insert":"【↓丹麥的Kammerlader，名字都不是獨(dú)有的】\n"},{"attributes":{"class":"normal-img"},"insert":{"native-image":{"alt":"read-normal-img","url":"https://b1.sanwen.net/b_article/c1898d80a6c2677219afac8412cf9f699572700b.jpg","width":850,"height":164,"size":33071,"status":"loaded"}}},{"insert":"\n第一章 卡曼萊德的誕生"},{"attributes":{"header":1},"insert":"\n"},{"insert":"\n 卡曼萊德最早可以追溯到1837的挪威輕兵器委員會(huì)。由當(dāng)時(shí)的挪威國(guó)王卡爾十四世.約翰發(fā)起的輕步兵武器研究組織。\n"},{"attributes":{"class":"normal-img"},"insert":{"native-image":{"alt":"read-normal-img","url":"https://b1.sanwen.net/b_article/5ab0cc2789681cc86901540c1f589d5ffd7e55d7.jpg","width":800,"height":1239,"size":516119,"status":"loaded"}}},{"insert":" 根據(jù)18-19世紀(jì)的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)觀察報(bào)告，之前使用的傳統(tǒng)前裝槍；精確度不佳、裝填時(shí)間過(guò)長(zhǎng)、以及在潮濕環(huán)境下難以保養(yǎng)。針對(duì)提出的這幾個(gè)問(wèn)題，挪威軍方提出的要求是；口徑小于以往的步槍、要求更高的射速、更準(zhǔn)、射程更長(zhǎng)，以此基礎(chǔ)開展的新一代后膛槍的研究計(jì)劃。\n 在解決這幾項(xiàng)問(wèn)題的基礎(chǔ)上，研究人員采用了開放性槍膛的思路。采用逆時(shí)針旋轉(zhuǎn)的曲柄來(lái)控制槍膛的升降，開放后膛也是該槍的最大特點(diǎn)。\n 在真正的卡曼萊德登場(chǎng)之前也出現(xiàn)了不少實(shí)驗(yàn)型槍械【根據(jù)資金和版權(quán)問(wèn)題，無(wú)法展示】按照名字都可被稱為kammerlader步槍。也算是她的姐妹們。\n?????而最早登場(chǎng)的卡曼萊德則是Scheel / Gregersen 18 l?dig Kammerlader 1838\n*18 l?dig（1挪威磅（挪威計(jì)量單位）鉛-可融制18顆鉛彈"},{"attributes":{"header":2},"insert":"\n"},{"insert":"?????由委員會(huì)成員炮兵上尉弗雷德里克?W.謝爾（Frederik W.Scheel）提出想法，槍械工匠尼爾斯.格雷戈里（Niels Gregersen）完成設(shè)計(jì)制造。\n"},{"attributes":{"class":"normal-img"},"insert":{"native-image":{"alt":"read-normal-img","url":"https://b1.sanwen.net/b_article/6c96a0c23fceaa03d1d93e0a44f99a405cedcf42.jpg","width":635,"height":867,"size":319788,"status":"loaded"}}},{"insert":"【弗雷德里克W.謝爾（Frederik W.Scheel）長(zhǎng)得有點(diǎn)像肯德基】\n"},{"attributes":{"class":"normal-img"},"insert":{"native-image":{"alt":"read-normal-img","url":"https://b1.sanwen.net/b_article/0159626f6d437141b5b9c2ffe45854c5790be4f8.jpg","width":1199,"height":802,"size":253855,"status":"loaded"}}},{"insert":"【最早登場(chǎng)的Scheel / Gregersen 18 l?dig Kammerlader 1838】\n"},{"attributes":{"class":"normal-img"},"insert":{"native-image":{"alt":"read-normal-img","url":"https://b1.sanwen.net/b_article/d3e903e18b7b7b6a1f01258d2bcc2881b67434c3.jpg","width":1199,"height":802,"size":293814,"status":"loaded"}}},{"insert":"【1838的改進(jìn)版，將擊錘和板機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)分開】\n"},{"attributes":{"class":"normal-img"},"insert":{"native-image":{"alt":"read-normal-img","url":"https://b1.sanwen.net/b_article/84e0196daaf1c20358b58efd61343abc5c0f40af.jpg","width":1199,"height":802,"size":213024,"status":"loaded"}}},{"insert":"【最終定型款1839，增加了一個(gè)擊錘護(hù)圈】\n"},{"attributes":{"class":"normal-img"},"insert":{"native-image":{"alt":"read-normal-img","url":"https://b1.sanwen.net/b_article/a481d04c47999751f523d2317c5e709f2b662c30.jpg","width":1199,"height":1013,"size":258024,"status":"loaded"}}},{"insert":"【正式量產(chǎn)款式M1842，與德萊塞針發(fā)槍同屬唯二大規(guī)模裝配給武裝部隊(duì)的后膛槍】\n\n槍械結(jié)構(gòu)"},{"attributes":{"header":2},"insert":"\n"},{"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"class":"normal-img"},"insert":{"native-image":{"alt":"read-normal-img","url":"https://b1.sanwen.net/b_article/7fe7894e5180bf05f9f4e99b401e238ff73b61fa.jpg","width":1200,"height":1200,"size":387908,"status":"loaded"}}},{"insert":"\n 槍械的擊錘改為槍身下方，板機(jī)正前方，安置火帽的擊砧出于槍膛的下方。槍膛打開后，將火藥倒入槍管，塞入鉛彈或米涅彈，使用更短小的通條將子彈推進(jìn)槍膛。然后順時(shí)針旋轉(zhuǎn)曲柄關(guān)閉及鎖定后膛。\n????? 鎖定狀態(tài)下后膛會(huì)與槍管貼合的更緊，減少氣體泄漏。更高的氣密性帶來(lái)的更精確的準(zhǔn)頭和更遠(yuǎn)的射程。開放性后膛能夠帶來(lái)每分鐘八發(fā)的射速，比以往的前膛槍提高了兩倍。\n????? 根據(jù)后續(xù)的發(fā)展，不同型號(hào)的卡曼爾萊德安裝了不同樣式的金屬瞄具。\n 早期使用安裝在槍膛后方的雙裂片Y型缺口瞄具\(yùn)n\n"},{"attributes":{"class":"normal-img"},"insert":{"native-image":{"alt":"read-normal-img","url":"https://b1.sanwen.net/b_article/6eafde735f0941a8647f9304a44fdf98f1fecb9f.jpg","width":1242,"height":741,"size":639283,"status":"loaded"}}},{"insert":"【two-leaf rocking sight】"},{"attributes":{"header":2},"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"class":"normal-img"},"insert":{"native-image":{"alt":"read-normal-img","url":"https://b1.sanwen.net/b_article/5e91456e74b75bc1d0b6cea7fec340758763ce72.jpg","width":1242,"height":799,"size":536685,"status":"loaded"}}},{"insert":"\n 后期更改為了標(biāo)尺型瞄具，被挪威軍方命名為滑雪山瞄具，造型更加貼近現(xiàn)代槍械。搭配了此瞄準(zhǔn)具的長(zhǎng)槍型配發(fā)給挪威獵人部隊(duì)和滑雪部隊(duì)中的狙擊手使用。\n"},{"attributes":{"class":"normal-img"},"insert":{"native-image":{"alt":"read-normal-img","url":"https://b1.sanwen.net/b_article/4d3d8eb2cbedf091aef9ebce441cbc25ad462dcd.jpg","width":2500,"height":1486,"size":642237,"status":"loaded"}}},{"insert":"【Ski hill sight】"},{"attributes":{"header":2},"insert":"\n"},{"insert":" 最初的卡曼萊德步槍是為鉛彈所設(shè)計(jì)的，口徑為0.66英寸。在1855年改為使用米涅彈，口徑更改為0.46英寸（11.7mm）\n 1861年在比利時(shí)舉行的軍事射擊比賽中，卡曼萊德被證明是歐洲最準(zhǔn)確的軍用長(zhǎng)槍之一。事實(shí)證明，挪威步槍的射程精確度約為1公里（0.6英里），即使按照今天的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，這也是一項(xiàng)了不起的成就。\n\n"},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"槍械變體"},{"attributes":{"header":1},"insert":"\n"},{"insert":"?????卡曼萊德步槍在服役期間被大量開發(fā)，根據(jù)不同兵種和情況產(chǎn)生了將近12種官方版本的變體。（甚至更多）\n\n"},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"M1842陸軍"},{"insert":"\n最早的卡曼萊德步槍版本，被定義為概念實(shí)驗(yàn)版主要區(qū)別是更加細(xì)窄的擊錘。具體生產(chǎn)數(shù)量不詳。\n\n"},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"M1845海軍"},{"insert":"\n海軍所使用的版本，相較于陸軍版更短，槍管上安置了三個(gè)槍管帶。\n\n"},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"M1849海軍"},{"insert":"\n海軍的改進(jìn)版本，產(chǎn)量更高。\n\n"},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"M1846/55陸軍"},{"insert":"\n1842的更為專業(yè)的版本，擊錘更寬，將機(jī)械瞄具轉(zhuǎn)移至槍膛的前方。被挪威、德國(guó)、法國(guó)列日的三家工廠進(jìn)行批量生產(chǎn)，產(chǎn)量約6000支左右。\n\n"},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"M1849/55陸軍"},{"insert":"\n再改進(jìn)版，也是最常見的卡曼萊德步槍版本，由之前提高的三家工廠進(jìn)行生產(chǎn)，總產(chǎn)量約有10000支左右，性能穩(wěn)定，也被作為其他版本的參照物進(jìn)行對(duì)比和參考。\n\n"},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"由挪威康士伯兵工廠（Konsberg Vapenfabrik）生產(chǎn)了剩余的4500支"},{"insert":"\n\n"},{"attributes":{"class":"normal-img"},"insert":{"native-image":{"alt":"read-normal-img","url":"https://b1.sanwen.net/b_article/82e5a4129fc1f584bd23c108c9c6e8a559829658.jpg","width":1242,"height":848,"size":119941,"status":"loaded"}}},{"insert":"\n此型號(hào)的瞄具均被安置在槍膛前方。使用了更寬的擊錘和重新設(shè)計(jì)的槍托托墊。\n\n"},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"M1851 Kammerladdningsgevar for Flottan"},{"insert":"\n瑞典版本的卡曼萊德，在設(shè)計(jì)中被認(rèn)為存在故障，所以并未配發(fā)給瑞典海軍。\n在擊錘上增加了一個(gè)護(hù)圈，有兩個(gè)槍管帶，使用0.58英寸的米涅彈\n\n"},{"attributes":{"class":"normal-img"},"insert":{"native-image":{"alt":"read-normal-img","url":"https://b1.sanwen.net/b_article/efb62a7ce1bafe5fbecef8bda9dbdf01ad797d1b.jpg","width":700,"height":237,"size":46952,"status":"loaded"}}},{"insert":"\n\n"},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"M1852/67海軍"},{"insert":"\n海軍版的最后一個(gè)型號(hào)，使用較小的口徑，產(chǎn)量未知。\n\n"},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"M1860/67長(zhǎng)槍型"},{"insert":"\n使用0.46英寸（11.7mm口徑）的米涅彈版本，槍管則是采用的惠特沃斯風(fēng)格的六角形膛線，提高了米涅彈的旋轉(zhuǎn)速度和精確射程。其標(biāo)準(zhǔn)步兵版采用了可調(diào)節(jié)標(biāo)尺型瞄具，攻擊給狙擊手和挪威獵人（Norwegian Jegers）使用。\n\n"},{"attributes":{"class":"normal-img"},"insert":{"native-image":{"alt":"read-normal-img","url":"https://b1.sanwen.net/b_article/ec977da944dfa096b5ed18586b04787e694acbed.jpg","width":1242,"height":1230,"size":1096933,"status":"loaded"}}},{"insert":"\n\n\n\n"},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"M1860/67?短管型"},{"insert":"\nM1860/67的縮短版本，配發(fā)給海軍和騎兵部隊(duì)作為卡賓槍使用。從1862年生產(chǎn)了大概3200支短管型號(hào)直到1866年停產(chǎn)\n\n\n"},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"M1862/66?炮兵卡賓槍版"},{"insert":"\n大幅度縮短版本，除口徑外基本上大多數(shù)功能部件都按比例縮短。產(chǎn)量未知\n\n 1867年，挪威軍方引入雷明頓M1867步槍和其裝備的邊緣發(fā)火彈。挪威陸軍和挪威皇家海軍決定將一些卡曼萊德步槍改裝為使用邊緣發(fā)火彈步槍。"},{"attributes":{"header":2},"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"class":"normal-img"},"insert":{"native-image":{"alt":"read-normal-img","url":"https://b1.sanwen.net/b_article/9dace29d55f4e30e1d9223809ce5506ab5c35a75.jpg","width":1242,"height":295,"size":85237,"status":"loaded"}}},{"insert":"【雷明頓M1867和邊緣發(fā)火彈】\n"},{"attributes":{"class":"normal-img"},"insert":{"native-image":{"alt":"read-normal-img","url":"https://b1.sanwen.net/b_article/4289a2a08dbaf14becc0aa52066e104a34157dd6.jpg","width":404,"height":184,"size":38703,"status":"loaded"}}},{"insert":" 針對(duì)于彈藥的改裝，一共有兩種方案，蘭德馬克式（Landmark）和隆德式（Lunds）兩者雖然稱不上是完全成功的，但是都比制造新的雷明頓m1867更加便宜、更快。\n隆德式（Lund）"},{"attributes":{"header":1},"insert":"\n"},{"insert":" 原本的后膛被改成了閉鎖塊，并且槍管的末端磨出了一個(gè)可容納12.17x44毫米邊緣發(fā)火彈的寬度使彈藥可以直接插進(jìn)槍管。\n?????原先安置火帽的位置添置了一根擊針，當(dāng)擊錘敲向擊針時(shí)，在閉鎖塊中的擊針就會(huì)撞向槍管末端的邊緣發(fā)火彈，以此擊發(fā)。\n?????被挪威陸軍選用。\n"},{"attributes":{"class":"normal-img"},"insert":{"native-image":{"alt":"read-normal-img","url":"https://b1.sanwen.net/b_article/45d9d3031e2bf33af34c15eb46a6565f7ea0d778.jpg","width":1225,"height":610,"size":503116,"status":"loaded"}}},{"insert":"蘭德馬克式（Landmark）"},{"attributes":{"header":1},"insert":"\n"},{"insert":" 蘭德馬克式改裝由延斯.蘭德馬克（Jens Landmark）所研制的一種槍械改造方式。將原本的后膛向后翻折填裝邊緣發(fā)火彈。在原本放置火帽的地方添置了一根彎曲的擊針。\n????? 由挪威海軍選用。\n"},{"attributes":{"class":"normal-img"},"insert":{"native-image":{"alt":"read-normal-img","url":"https://b1.sanwen.net/b_article/3f5bd39dc192e4bb3329fd3cb381e96843ffed25.jpg","width":640,"height":427,"size":96171,"status":"loaded"}}},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"【延斯.蘭德馬克】；挪威軍官和政治家。中校軍銜，從1854年到1880年擔(dān)任康士伯兵工廠的廠長(zhǎng)，挪威議會(huì)委任三屆市長(zhǎng)。"},{"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"class":"normal-img"},"insert":{"native-image":{"alt":"read-normal-img","url":"https://b1.sanwen.net/b_article/55bfc2e922e77bdba29160fe2ad4c906501de590.jpg","width":1242,"height":1704,"size":1240737,"status":"loaded"}}},{"insert":"對(duì)比圖"},{"attributes":{"header":1},"insert":"\n"},{"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"class":"normal-img"},"insert":{"native-image":{"alt":"read-normal-img","url":"https://b1.sanwen.net/b_article/aab34799b0a0066a597527050a97cceae14f7fd5.jpg","width":800,"height":841,"size":233196,"status":"loaded"}}},{"insert":" 【原版 蘭德馬克 隆德】"},{"attributes":{"header":2},"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"class":"normal-img"},"insert":{"native-image":{"alt":"read-normal-img","url":"https://b1.sanwen.net/b_article/21a1f8062dd1f6688965f6015566a15bc1faf5be.jpg","width":900,"height":634,"size":539277,"status":"loaded"}}},{"insert":"\n\n\n 一些卡曼萊德步槍，據(jù)說(shuō)改造為了使用類似雷明頓M1867的滾動(dòng)式閉鎖。但是目前沒(méi)有找到相關(guān)圖片。"},{"attributes":{"header":2},"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"class":"normal-img"},"insert":{"native-image":{"alt":"read-normal-img","url":"https://b1.sanwen.net/b_article/ea4d6c6db7a059557326589ae311abcf22d9a528.jpg","width":1242,"height":583,"size":516824,"status":"loaded"}}},{"insert":" 在28年的服役中，卡曼萊德步槍在任何重大沖突中均沒(méi)有被使用過(guò)。然而，它在許多方面與普魯士德萊塞針發(fā)槍進(jìn)行對(duì)比。\n????? 因?yàn)榈氯R塞采用的更為先進(jìn)的栓動(dòng)式結(jié)構(gòu)，雖然卡曼萊德在槍口速度、精度、有效射程中占有優(yōu)勢(shì)，但是在射速和機(jī)動(dòng)性上還是無(wú)法和德萊塞步槍比擬，況且德萊斯的重量更輕。\n 1871年，面對(duì)更新式的金屬整裝彈步槍，這支步槍開始退出現(xiàn)役。但它一直頑強(qiáng)的掙扎到克拉格?-?約根森步槍裝備挪威軍隊(duì)。很多卡曼爾萊德步槍在退役后被融化和改造，成為民用步槍甚至民用制品。\n【克拉格.約根森步槍】\n"},{"attributes":{"class":"normal-img"},"insert":{"native-image":{"alt":"read-normal-img","url":"https://b1.sanwen.net/b_article/451efc5b94b208e5406072d2d83b07e52160b863.jpg","width":1800,"height":446,"size":169988,"status":"loaded"}}},{"insert":"\n\n"},{"attributes":{"class":"cut-off"},"insert":{"cut-off":{"type":"2","url":"https://b1.sanwen.net/b_article/71bf2cd56882a2e97f8b3477c9256f8b09f361d3.png"}}},{"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"維基百科搜索：Kammerlader"},{"insert":"\n康士伯兵工廠網(wǎng)站："},{"attributes":{"link":"https://www.kongsberg.com/who-we-are/200-years-of-excellence/"},"insert":"https://www.kongsberg.com/who-we-are/200-years-of-excellence/"},{"insert":"\n資料來(lái)源網(wǎng)站："},{"attributes":{"link":"http://firearmshistory.blogspot.com/2010/11/sights-iron-sights-adjustable-sights.html?m=1"},"insert":"http://firearmshistory.blogspot.com/2010/11/sights-iron-sights-adjustable-sights.html?m=1"},{"insert":"\n資料來(lái)源網(wǎng)站："},{"attributes":{"link":"https://www.kvf.no/vaapen.php?type=Rifle&weaponid=RIF0017"},"insert":"https://www.kvf.no/vaapen.php?type=Rifle&weaponid=RIF0017"},{"insert":"\n資料來(lái)源網(wǎng)站："},{"attributes":{"link":"https://collections.royalarmouries.org/object/rac-object-10667.html"},"insert":"https://collections.royalarmouries.org/object/rac-object-10667.html"},{"insert":"\n資料來(lái)源網(wǎng)站："},{"attributes":{"link":"http://dutchman.rebooty.com/12744r.html"},"insert":"http://dutchman.rebooty.com/12744r.html"},{"insert":"\n資料來(lái)源網(wǎng)站："},{"attributes":{"link":"https://svartkrutt.net/articles/vis.php?id=31"},"insert":"https://svartkrutt.net/articles/vis.php?id=31"},{"insert":"\n資料來(lái)源網(wǎng)站："},{"attributes":{"link":"https://www.kvf.no/guns/rifle/bilder/Rifle-Kongsberg-Kammerlader-M1852-67-3.jpg"},"insert":"https://www.kvf.no/guns/rifle/bilder/Rifle-Kongsberg-Kammerlader-M1852-67-3.jpg"},{"insert":"\n資料來(lái)源網(wǎng)站："},{"attributes":{"link":"https://www.gunboards.com/threads/the-birth-of-the-kammerlader.416646/"},"insert":"https://www.gunboards.com/threads/the-birth-of-the-kammerlader.416646/"},{"insert":"\n"}]}